Patent · US10253195B2 · B2 · US

Coreactive materials and methods for three-dimensional printing

(11) Publication number

US10253195B2

(21) Application number

15/528,205

(22) Filing date

2015-11-24

(30) Priority date

2014-11-24

(43) Publication date

2019-04-09

(45) Date of grant

2019-04-09

(51) IPC

B29C 64/112; B33Y 70/00; B33Y 80/00; C08G 18/10; C08G 18/50; C08G 18/73; C08G 18/75; C09D 11/03; C09D 11/102; C09D 11/30; C09D 11/38; B33Y 10/00; C08G 18/32; C08G 18/38; C08G 18/48; C08G 18/78; C08G 18/79; C08K 3/36; C09D 11/10; C09D 175/02

(52) CPC

C09D Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers; filling pastes; chemical paint or ink removers; inks; correcting fluids; woodstains; pastes or solids for colouring or printing; use of materials therefor: 11/102, 11/03, 11/30, 11/38, 175/02
B29C Shaping or joining of plastics; shaping of material in a plastic state, not otherwise provided for; after-treatment of the shaped products, e.g. repairing: 64/10, 64/112
B29K Indexing scheme associated with subclasses B29B, B29C or B29D, relating to moulding materials or to materials for {moulds, } reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts: 2075/02
B33Y Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering: 10/00, 70/00, 80/00
C08G Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds: 18/10, 18/3203, 18/3225, 18/3228, 18/3234, 18/325, 18/3821, 18/3855, 18/4854, 18/5024, 18/6685, 18/73, 18/755, 18/7893, 18/792, 2150/50
C08K Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients: 3/36

(73) Assignee

PPG Industries Ohio Inc

(72) Inventors

David R. Fenn; Kurt G. Olson; Reza M. Rock; Cynthia Kutchko; Susan F. Donaldson; Hao Sun

(54) Title

Coreactive materials and methods for three-dimensional printing

(57) Abstract

Methods of printing a three-dimensional object using co-reactive components are disclosed. Thermosetting compositions for three-dimensional printing are also disclosed.

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Claims (41)

A composition for three-dimensional printing, comprising: a first component comprising a first functional group; and a second component comprising a second functional group, wherein the second functional group is reactive with the first functional group; wherein at least one of the first functional group and the second functional group comprises a saturated functional group; and wherein the composition is characterized by a shear storage modulus G′ and a shear loss modulus G″, wherein, the initial G″/G′ ratio is less than 2; the initial G′ is greater than 1,500; the G′ at 6 minutes is greater than 500,000 Pa; and the G″ at 6 minutes is greater than 400,000 Pa; wherein, the initial G″/G′ ratio and the initial G′ refer to values measured within 30 seconds after the first component and the second component are mixed; the G′ and G″ after 6 minutes refers to the values measured 6 minutes after the first component and the second component are mixed; and the shear storage modulus G′ and the shear loss modulus G″ are measured using a rheometer with a gap from 1 mil to 2 mils, with a 25 mm-diameter parallel plate spindle, an oscillation frequency of 1 Hz and amplitude of 0.3%, and with a rheometer plate temperature of 25° C.
A composition for three-dimensional printing, comprising: a first component comprising a first functional group; and a second component comprising a second functional group, wherein the second functional group is reactive with the first functional group; wherein at least one of the first functional group and the second functional group comprises a saturated functional group; and wherein the composition is characterized by a shear storage modulus G′ and a shear loss modulus G″, wherein, the initial G″/G′ ratio is less than 1.5; the initial G′ is greater than 2,000 Pa; the G′ at 6 minutes is greater than 1,000,000 Pa; and the G″ at 6 minutes is greater than 600,000 Pa.; wherein, the initial G″/G′ ratio and the initial G′ refer to values measured within 30 seconds after the first component and the second component are mixed; the G′ and G″ after 6 minutes refers to the values measured 6 minutes after the first component and the second component are mixed; and the shear storage modulus G′ and the shear loss modulus G″ are measured using a rheometer with a gap from 1 mil to 2 mils, with a 25 mm-diameter parallel plate spindle, an oscillation frequency of 1 Hz and amplitude of 0.3%, and with a rheometer plate temperature of 25° C.
A composition for three-dimensional printing, comprising: a first component comprising a first functional group; and a second component comprising a second functional group, wherein the second functional group is reactive with the first functional group; wherein at least one of the first functional group and the second functional group comprises a saturated functional group; and wherein the composition is characterized by a viscosity from 5,000 cP to 5,000,000 cP, measured using a rheometer with a gap from 1 mm to 2 mm, a shear rate of 0.1 s −1 at a temperature of 25 C.
A composition for three-dimensional printing, comprising: a first component comprising a first functional group; and a second component comprising a second functional group, wherein the second functional group is reactive with the first functional group; wherein at least one of the first functional group and the second functional group comprises a saturated functional group; and wherein the composition is characterized by a cross-sectional profile having a first portion and a second portion.
The composition of claim 4, wherein, the first portion comprises a molar ratio of the first component to the second component greater than 1; and the second portion comprises a molar ratio of the first component to the second component less than 1.
The composition of claim 4, wherein the first portion and the second portion are on opposite sides of the cross-sectional profile.
The composition of claim 4, wherein, the first portion comprises an equivalent ratio of the first functional group to the second functional group greater than 1; and the second portion comprises an equivalent ratio of the first functional group to the second functional group less than 1.
The composition of claim 4, wherein an equivalents ratio of the first component to the second component is not homogeneous throughout the cross-sectional profile.
The composition of claim 4, wherein an equivalents ratio of the first component to the second component is homogeneous throughout the cross-sectional profile.
A composition for three-dimensional printing, comprising: a first component comprising a first functional group; and a second component comprising a second functional group, wherein the second functional group is reactive with the first functional group; wherein at least one of the first functional group and the second functional group comprises a saturated functional group; and wherein each of the first functional group and the second functional group does not comprise an acrylate group or a methacrylate group.
A composition for three-dimensional printing, comprising: a first component comprising a first functional group; and a second component comprising a second functional group, wherein the second functional group is reactive with the first functional group; wherein at least one of the first functional group and the second functional group comprises a saturated functional group; and wherein the composition comprises a catalyst, wherein the catalyst catalyzes the reaction between the first functional group and the second functional group.
A composition for three-dimensional printing, comprising: a first component comprising a first functional group; and a second component comprising a second functional group, wherein the second functional group is reactive with the first functional group; wherein at least one of the first functional group and the second functional group comprises a saturated functional group; and wherein the composition is not curable using actinic radiation.
A composition comprising: a first component comprising a first functional group; and a second component comprising a second functional group, wherein, the first component comprises a polyamine and the second component comprises a polyisocyanate; the first component comprises a polyalkenyl compound and the second component comprises a polythiol; the first component comprises a Michael addition acceptor and the second component comprises a Michael addition donor; or a combination of any of the foregoing; wherein the composition is characterized by a shear storage modulus G′ and a shear loss modulus G″, wherein, the initial G″/G′ ratio is less than 2; the initial G′ is greater than 1,500 Pa; the G′ at 6 minutes is greater than 500,000 Pa; and the G″ at 6 minutes after mixing is greater than 400,000 Pa; wherein, the shear storage modulus G′ and the shear loss modulus G″ are measured using a rheometer with a gap from 1 mil to 2 mils, with a 25 mm-diameter parallel plate spindle, an oscillation frequency of 1 Hz and amplitude of 0.3%, and with a rheometer plate temperature of 25° C.
The composition of claim 1, wherein the saturated functional group comprises a hydroxyl, a thiol, a primary amine, a secondary amine, an epoxy, or a combination of any of the foregoing.
The composition of claim 1, wherein, the first component comprises a polyol and the second component comprises a polyisocyanate; the first component comprises a polyamine and the second component comprises a polyisocyanate; the first component comprises a polyalkenyl compound and the second component comprises a polythiol; or the first component comprises a Michael addition acceptor and the second component comprises a Michael addition donor.
A three-dimensional object formed using the composition of claim 1.
The three-dimensional object of claim 16, wherein the three-dimensional object comprises a plurality of layers, wherein adjacent layers forming the three-dimensional object are covalently bonded.
The composition of claim 2, wherein the saturated functional group comprises a hydroxyl, a thiol, a primary amine, a secondary amine, an epoxy, or a combination of any of the foregoing.
The composition of claim 2, wherein, the first component comprises a polyol and the second component comprises a polyisocyanate; the first component comprises a polyamine and the second component comprises a polyisocyanate; the first component comprises a polyalkenyl compound and the second component comprises a polythiol; or the first component comprises a Michael addition acceptor and the second component comprises a Michael addition donor.
A three-dimensional object formed using the composition of claim 2.
The three-dimensional object of claim 20, wherein the three-dimensional object comprises a plurality of layers, wherein adjacent layers forming the three-dimensional object are covalently bonded.
The composition of claim 3, wherein the saturated functional group comprises a hydroxyl, a thiol, a primary amine, a secondary amine, an epoxy, or a combination of any of the foregoing.
The composition of claim 3, wherein, the first component comprises a polyol and the second component comprises a polyisocyanate; the first component comprises a polyamine and the second component comprises a polyisocyanate; the first component comprises a polyalkenyl compound and the second component comprises a polythiol; or the first component comprises a Michael addition acceptor and the second component comprises a Michael addition donor.
A three-dimensional object formed using the composition of claim 3.
The three-dimensional object of claim 24, wherein the three-dimensional object comprises a plurality of layers, wherein adjacent layers forming the three-dimensional object are covalently bonded.
The composition of claim 4, wherein the saturated functional group comprises a hydroxyl, a thiol, a primary amine, a secondary amine, an epoxy, or a combination of any of the foregoing.
The composition of claim 4, wherein, the first component comprises a polyol and the second component comprises a polyisocyanate; the first component comprises a polyamine and the second component comprises a polyisocyanate; the first component comprises a polyalkenyl compound and the second component comprises a polythiol; or the first component comprises a Michael addition acceptor and the second component comprises a Michael addition donor.
A three-dimensional object formed using the composition of claim 4.
The three-dimensional object of claim 28, wherein the three-dimensional object comprises a plurality of layers, wherein adjacent layers forming the three-dimensional object are covalently bonded.
The composition of claim 10, wherein the saturated functional group comprises a hydroxyl, a thiol, a primary amine, a secondary amine, an epoxy, or a combination of any of the foregoing.
The composition of claim 10, wherein, the first component comprises a polyol and the second component comprises a polyisocyanate; the first component comprises a polyamine and the second component comprises a polyisocyanate; the first component comprises a polyalkenyl compound and the second component comprises a polythiol; or the first component comprises a Michael addition acceptor and the second component comprises a Michael addition donor.
A three-dimensional object formed using the composition of claim 10.
The three-dimensional object of claim 32, wherein the three-dimensional object comprises a plurality of layers, wherein adjacent layers forming the three-dimensional object are covalently bonded.
The composition of claim 11, wherein the saturated functional group comprises a hydroxyl, a thiol, a primary amine, a secondary amine, an epoxy, or a combination of any of the foregoing.
The composition of claim 11, wherein, the first component comprises a polyol and the second component comprises a polyisocyanate; the first component comprises a polyamine and the second component comprises a polyisocyanate; the first component comprises a polyalkenyl compound and the second component comprises a polythiol; or the first component comprises a Michael addition acceptor and the second component comprises a Michael addition donor.
A three-dimensional object formed using the composition of claim 11.
The three-dimensional object of claim 36, wherein the three-dimensional object comprises a plurality of layers, wherein adjacent layers forming the three-dimensional object are covalently bonded.
The composition of claim 12, wherein the saturated functional group comprises a hydroxyl, a thiol, a primary amine, a secondary amine, an epoxy, or a combination of any of the foregoing.
The composition of claim 12, wherein, the first component comprises a polyol and the second component comprises a polyisocyanate; the first component comprises a polyamine and the second component comprises a polyisocyanate; the first component comprises a polyalkenyl compound and the second component comprises a polythiol; or the first component comprises a Michael addition acceptor and the second component comprises a Michael addition donor.
A three-dimensional object formed using the composition of claim 12.
The three-dimensional object of claim 40, wherein the three-dimensional object comprises a plurality of layers, wherein adjacent layers forming the three-dimensional object are covalently bonded.

Description

This application is a national stage entry of PCT/US2015/062297 filed on Nov. 24, 2015, which claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/158,588 filed on May 8, 2015, and on U.S. Application No. 62/083,472 filed on Nov. 24, 2014, each of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.

This invention was made with government support under Contract Number DE-AC05-000R22725 awarded by the U.S. Department of Energy and under Cooperative Research and Development Agreement NFE-14-05242. The government has certain rights in the invention.

The present invention relates to three-dimensional printing methods and coreactive printing compositions, more particularly to the use of three-dimensional printing compositions comprising coreactive components.

In three-dimensional (3D) printing, a composition is laid down in successive layers of material to build a structure from a series of cross-sections of the structure. These layers may be produced, for example, from liquid, powder, paper, or sheet material.

In certain cases, a 3D printing composition is a thermoplastic material, which is extruded through a heated nozzle on to a platform and the nozzle moved with respect to the platform, successively building up layers of thermoplastic material to form a 3D object. After being extruded from the nozzle, the thermoplastic material rapidly cools. Depending in part on the temperature of the underlying thermoplastic layer, the overlying thermoplastic layer may or may not adhere well to the underlying thermoplastic layer.

Citations (16)

US5777061A
DE19937770A1
US20060108450A1
RU2332265C2
US20130302575A1
DE102011003619A1
US20140017460A1
US20130244340A1
US20170057160A1
US9650537B2
CN104031383A
US9982164B2
WO2016085914A1
WO2016085992A1
WO2016085976A1
US20160271872A1

Record as JSON

{
  "publication_number": "US10253195B2",
  "country": "US",
  "kind": "B2",
  "title": "Coreactive materials and methods for three-dimensional printing",
  "abstract": "Methods of printing a three-dimensional object using co-reactive components are disclosed. Thermosetting compositions for three-dimensional printing are also disclosed.",
  "claims": [
    "1. A composition for three-dimensional printing, comprising: a first component comprising a first functional group; and a second component comprising a second functional group, wherein the second functional group is reactive with the first functional group; wherein at least one of the first functional group and the second functional group comprises a saturated functional group; and wherein the composition is characterized by a shear storage modulus G′ and a shear loss modulus G″, wherein, the initial G″/G′ ratio is less than 2; the initial G′ is greater than 1,500; the G′ at 6 minutes is greater than 500,000 Pa; and the G″ at 6 minutes is greater than 400,000 Pa; wherein, the initial G″/G′ ratio and the initial G′ refer to values measured within 30 seconds after the first component and the second component are mixed; the G′ and G″ after 6 minutes refers to the values measured 6 minutes after the first component and the second component are mixed; and the shear storage modulus G′ and the shear loss modulus G″ are measured using a rheometer with a gap from 1 mil to 2 mils, with a 25 mm-diameter parallel plate spindle, an oscillation frequency of 1 Hz and amplitude of 0.3%, and with a rheometer plate temperature of 25° C.",
    "2. A composition for three-dimensional printing, comprising: a first component comprising a first functional group; and a second component comprising a second functional group, wherein the second functional group is reactive with the first functional group; wherein at least one of the first functional group and the second functional group comprises a saturated functional group; and wherein the composition is characterized by a shear storage modulus G′ and a shear loss modulus G″, wherein, the initial G″/G′ ratio is less than 1.5; the initial G′ is greater than 2,000 Pa; the G′ at 6 minutes is greater than 1,000,000 Pa; and the G″ at 6 minutes is greater than 600,000 Pa.; wherein, the initial G″/G′ ratio and the initial G′ refer to values measured within 30 seconds after the first component and the second component are mixed; the G′ and G″ after 6 minutes refers to the values measured 6 minutes after the first component and the second component are mixed; and the shear storage modulus G′ and the shear loss modulus G″ are measured using a rheometer with a gap from 1 mil to 2 mils, with a 25 mm-diameter parallel plate spindle, an oscillation frequency of 1 Hz and amplitude of 0.3%, and with a rheometer plate temperature of 25° C.",
    "3. A composition for three-dimensional printing, comprising: a first component comprising a first functional group; and a second component comprising a second functional group, wherein the second functional group is reactive with the first functional group; wherein at least one of the first functional group and the second functional group comprises a saturated functional group; and wherein the composition is characterized by a viscosity from 5,000 cP to 5,000,000 cP, measured using a rheometer with a gap from 1 mm to 2 mm, a shear rate of 0.1 s −1 at a temperature of 25 C.",
    "4. A composition for three-dimensional printing, comprising: a first component comprising a first functional group; and a second component comprising a second functional group, wherein the second functional group is reactive with the first functional group; wherein at least one of the first functional group and the second functional group comprises a saturated functional group; and wherein the composition is characterized by a cross-sectional profile having a first portion and a second portion.",
    "5. The composition of claim 4, wherein, the first portion comprises a molar ratio of the first component to the second component greater than 1; and the second portion comprises a molar ratio of the first component to the second component less than 1.",
    "6. The composition of claim 4, wherein the first portion and the second portion are on opposite sides of the cross-sectional profile.",
    "7. The composition of claim 4, wherein, the first portion comprises an equivalent ratio of the first functional group to the second functional group greater than 1; and the second portion comprises an equivalent ratio of the first functional group to the second functional group less than 1.",
    "8. The composition of claim 4, wherein an equivalents ratio of the first component to the second component is not homogeneous throughout the cross-sectional profile.",
    "9. The composition of claim 4, wherein an equivalents ratio of the first component to the second component is homogeneous throughout the cross-sectional profile.",
    "10. A composition for three-dimensional printing, comprising: a first component comprising a first functional group; and a second component comprising a second functional group, wherein the second functional group is reactive with the first functional group; wherein at least one of the first functional group and the second functional group comprises a saturated functional group; and wherein each of the first functional group and the second functional group does not comprise an acrylate group or a methacrylate group.",
    "11. A composition for three-dimensional printing, comprising: a first component comprising a first functional group; and a second component comprising a second functional group, wherein the second functional group is reactive with the first functional group; wherein at least one of the first functional group and the second functional group comprises a saturated functional group; and wherein the composition comprises a catalyst, wherein the catalyst catalyzes the reaction between the first functional group and the second functional group.",
    "12. A composition for three-dimensional printing, comprising: a first component comprising a first functional group; and a second component comprising a second functional group, wherein the second functional group is reactive with the first functional group; wherein at least one of the first functional group and the second functional group comprises a saturated functional group; and wherein the composition is not curable using actinic radiation.",
    "13. A composition comprising: a first component comprising a first functional group; and a second component comprising a second functional group, wherein, the first component comprises a polyamine and the second component comprises a polyisocyanate; the first component comprises a polyalkenyl compound and the second component comprises a polythiol; the first component comprises a Michael addition acceptor and the second component comprises a Michael addition donor; or a combination of any of the foregoing; wherein the composition is characterized by a shear storage modulus G′ and a shear loss modulus G″, wherein, the initial G″/G′ ratio is less than 2; the initial G′ is greater than 1,500 Pa; the G′ at 6 minutes is greater than 500,000 Pa; and the G″ at 6 minutes after mixing is greater than 400,000 Pa; wherein, the shear storage modulus G′ and the shear loss modulus G″ are measured using a rheometer with a gap from 1 mil to 2 mils, with a 25 mm-diameter parallel plate spindle, an oscillation frequency of 1 Hz and amplitude of 0.3%, and with a rheometer plate temperature of 25° C.",
    "14. The composition of claim 1, wherein the saturated functional group comprises a hydroxyl, a thiol, a primary amine, a secondary amine, an epoxy, or a combination of any of the foregoing.",
    "15. The composition of claim 1, wherein, the first component comprises a polyol and the second component comprises a polyisocyanate; the first component comprises a polyamine and the second component comprises a polyisocyanate; the first component comprises a polyalkenyl compound and the second component comprises a polythiol; or the first component comprises a Michael addition acceptor and the second component comprises a Michael addition donor.",
    "16. A three-dimensional object formed using the composition of claim 1.",
    "17. The three-dimensional object of claim 16, wherein the three-dimensional object comprises a plurality of layers, wherein adjacent layers forming the three-dimensional object are covalently bonded.",
    "18. The composition of claim 2, wherein the saturated functional group comprises a hydroxyl, a thiol, a primary amine, a secondary amine, an epoxy, or a combination of any of the foregoing.",
    "19. The composition of claim 2, wherein, the first component comprises a polyol and the second component comprises a polyisocyanate; the first component comprises a polyamine and the second component comprises a polyisocyanate; the first component comprises a polyalkenyl compound and the second component comprises a polythiol; or the first component comprises a Michael addition acceptor and the second component comprises a Michael addition donor.",
    "20. A three-dimensional object formed using the composition of claim 2.",
    "21. The three-dimensional object of claim 20, wherein the three-dimensional object comprises a plurality of layers, wherein adjacent layers forming the three-dimensional object are covalently bonded.",
    "22. The composition of claim 3, wherein the saturated functional group comprises a hydroxyl, a thiol, a primary amine, a secondary amine, an epoxy, or a combination of any of the foregoing.",
    "23. The composition of claim 3, wherein, the first component comprises a polyol and the second component comprises a polyisocyanate; the first component comprises a polyamine and the second component comprises a polyisocyanate; the first component comprises a polyalkenyl compound and the second component comprises a polythiol; or the first component comprises a Michael addition acceptor and the second component comprises a Michael addition donor.",
    "24. A three-dimensional object formed using the composition of claim 3.",
    "25. The three-dimensional object of claim 24, wherein the three-dimensional object comprises a plurality of layers, wherein adjacent layers forming the three-dimensional object are covalently bonded.",
    "26. The composition of claim 4, wherein the saturated functional group comprises a hydroxyl, a thiol, a primary amine, a secondary amine, an epoxy, or a combination of any of the foregoing.",
    "27. The composition of claim 4, wherein, the first component comprises a polyol and the second component comprises a polyisocyanate; the first component comprises a polyamine and the second component comprises a polyisocyanate; the first component comprises a polyalkenyl compound and the second component comprises a polythiol; or the first component comprises a Michael addition acceptor and the second component comprises a Michael addition donor.",
    "28. A three-dimensional object formed using the composition of claim 4.",
    "29. The three-dimensional object of claim 28, wherein the three-dimensional object comprises a plurality of layers, wherein adjacent layers forming the three-dimensional object are covalently bonded.",
    "30. The composition of claim 10, wherein the saturated functional group comprises a hydroxyl, a thiol, a primary amine, a secondary amine, an epoxy, or a combination of any of the foregoing.",
    "31. The composition of claim 10, wherein, the first component comprises a polyol and the second component comprises a polyisocyanate; the first component comprises a polyamine and the second component comprises a polyisocyanate; the first component comprises a polyalkenyl compound and the second component comprises a polythiol; or the first component comprises a Michael addition acceptor and the second component comprises a Michael addition donor.",
    "32. A three-dimensional object formed using the composition of claim 10.",
    "33. The three-dimensional object of claim 32, wherein the three-dimensional object comprises a plurality of layers, wherein adjacent layers forming the three-dimensional object are covalently bonded.",
    "34. The composition of claim 11, wherein the saturated functional group comprises a hydroxyl, a thiol, a primary amine, a secondary amine, an epoxy, or a combination of any of the foregoing.",
    "35. The composition of claim 11, wherein, the first component comprises a polyol and the second component comprises a polyisocyanate; the first component comprises a polyamine and the second component comprises a polyisocyanate; the first component comprises a polyalkenyl compound and the second component comprises a polythiol; or the first component comprises a Michael addition acceptor and the second component comprises a Michael addition donor.",
    "36. A three-dimensional object formed using the composition of claim 11.",
    "37. The three-dimensional object of claim 36, wherein the three-dimensional object comprises a plurality of layers, wherein adjacent layers forming the three-dimensional object are covalently bonded.",
    "38. The composition of claim 12, wherein the saturated functional group comprises a hydroxyl, a thiol, a primary amine, a secondary amine, an epoxy, or a combination of any of the foregoing.",
    "39. The composition of claim 12, wherein, the first component comprises a polyol and the second component comprises a polyisocyanate; the first component comprises a polyamine and the second component comprises a polyisocyanate; the first component comprises a polyalkenyl compound and the second component comprises a polythiol; or the first component comprises a Michael addition acceptor and the second component comprises a Michael addition donor.",
    "40. A three-dimensional object formed using the composition of claim 12.",
    "41. The three-dimensional object of claim 40, wherein the three-dimensional object comprises a plurality of layers, wherein adjacent layers forming the three-dimensional object are covalently bonded."
  ],
  "description_excerpt": "This application is a national stage entry of PCT/US2015/062297 filed on Nov. 24, 2015, which claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/158,588 filed on May 8, 2015, and on U.S. Application No. 62/083,472 filed on Nov. 24, 2014, each of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.\n\nThis invention was made with government support under Contract Number DE-AC05-000R22725 awarded by the U.S. Department of Energy and under Cooperative Research and Development Agreement NFE-14-05242. The government has certain rights in the invention.\n\nThe present invention relates to three-dimensional printing methods and coreactive printing compositions, more particularly to the use of three-dimensional printing compositions comprising coreactive components.\n\nIn three-dimensional (3D) printing, a composition is laid down in successive layers of material to build a structure from a series of cross-sections of the structure. These layers may be produced, for example, from liquid, powder, paper, or sheet material.\n\nIn certain cases, a 3D printing composition is a thermoplastic material, which is extruded through a heated nozzle on to a platform and the nozzle moved with respect to the platform, successively building up layers of thermoplastic material to form a 3D object. After being extruded from the nozzle, the thermoplastic material rapidly cools. Depending in part on the temperature of the underlying thermoplastic layer, the overlying thermoplastic layer may or may not adhere well to the underlying thermoplastic layer.",
  "cpc": [
    "C09D 11/102",
    "B29C 64/10",
    "B29C 64/112",
    "B29K 2075/02",
    "B33Y 10/00",
    "B33Y 70/00",
    "B33Y 80/00",
    "C08G 18/10",
    "C08G 18/3203",
    "C08G 18/3225",
    "C08G 18/3228",
    "C08G 18/3234",
    "C08G 18/325",
    "C08G 18/3821",
    "C08G 18/3855",
    "C08G 18/4854",
    "C08G 18/5024",
    "C08G 18/6685",
    "C08G 18/73",
    "C08G 18/755",
    "C08G 18/7893",
    "C08G 18/792",
    "C08G 2150/50",
    "C08K 3/36",
    "C09D 11/03",
    "C09D 11/30",
    "C09D 11/38",
    "C09D 175/02"
  ],
  "ipc": [
    "B29C 64/112",
    "B33Y 70/00",
    "B33Y 80/00",
    "C08G 18/10",
    "C08G 18/50",
    "C08G 18/73",
    "C08G 18/75",
    "C09D 11/03",
    "C09D 11/102",
    "C09D 11/30",
    "C09D 11/38",
    "B33Y 10/00",
    "C08G 18/32",
    "C08G 18/38",
    "C08G 18/48",
    "C08G 18/78",
    "C08G 18/79",
    "C08K 3/36",
    "C09D 11/10",
    "C09D 175/02"
  ],
  "assignees": [
    "PPG Industries Ohio Inc"
  ],
  "inventors": [
    "David R. Fenn",
    "Kurt G. Olson",
    "Reza M. Rock",
    "Cynthia Kutchko",
    "Susan F. Donaldson",
    "Hao Sun"
  ],
  "filing_date": "2015-11-24",
  "publication_date": "2019-04-09",
  "grant_date": "2019-04-09",
  "priority_date": "2014-11-24",
  "application_number": "US-201515528205-A",
  "family_id": "54849707",
  "cited_by_count": 19,
  "citations": [
    "US5777061A",
    "DE19937770A1",
    "US20060108450A1",
    "RU2332265C2",
    "US20130302575A1",
    "DE102011003619A1",
    "US20140017460A1",
    "US20130244340A1",
    "US20170057160A1",
    "US9650537B2",
    "CN104031383A",
    "US9982164B2",
    "WO2016085914A1",
    "WO2016085992A1",
    "WO2016085976A1",
    "US20160271872A1"
  ]
}

Record 2,922 of 8,000 in Patents full text (MLC-0201). Request the full dataset.