Curing systems for materials that consume carbon dioxide and method of use thereof

{
  "publication_number": "US10668443B2",
  "country": "US",
  "kind": "B2",
  "title": "Curing systems for materials that consume carbon dioxide and method of use thereof",
  "abstract": "The invention provides a curing system that is useful for curing materials that consume carbon dioxide as a reagent. The system has a curing chamber that contains the material to be cured and a gas that contains carbon dioxide. The system includes apparatus that can deliver carbon dioxide to displace ambient air upon loading the system, that can provide carbon dioxide as it is needed and as it is consumed, that can control carbon dioxide concentration, temperature and humidity in the curing chamber during the curing cycle and that can record and display to a user the variables that occur during the curing process. A method of curing a material which requires CO 2 as a curing reagent is also described.",
  "claims": [
    "1. A method of curing a material, comprising the steps of: providing an apparatus comprising: a curing chamber configured to contain the material, the curing chamber having at least one port configured to allow the material to be introduced into the curing chamber and to be removed from the curing chamber, and having at least one closure for the port, the closure configured to provide an atmospheric seal when closed so as to prevent contamination of a gas present in the curing chamber by gas outside the curing chamber; a source of carbon dioxide configured to provide gaseous carbon dioxide to the curing chamber by way of a gas entry port in the curing chamber, the source of carbon dioxide having at least one flow regulation device configured to control a flow rate of the gaseous carbon dioxide into the curing chamber; a gas flow subsystem configured to circulate the gas through the curing chamber during a time period when the material is being cured, the gas flow subsystem includes a measurement apparatus configured to measure a gas velocity of the gas present in the curing chamber; and at least one controller in communication with at least one of the source of carbon dioxide, and the gas flow subsystem the at least one controller configured to control independently during a time period when the material is being cured at least a respective one of the flow rate of the gaseous carbon dioxide, and the circulation of the gas through the curing chamber; placing a green ceramic body comprising the material into the curing chamber by way of the at least one port configured to allow the material to be introduced into the curing chamber and to be removed from the curing chamber; closing the at least one port by operating the closure; providing an atmosphere comprising CO 2 within the curing chamber for a period of time sufficient to cure the green ceramic body; measuring a velocity of the gas within the chamber with the measurement apparatus; and adjusting the velocity of the gas within the chamber to a desired level.",
    "2. The method of curing of claim 1, wherein the curing chamber is configured to contain a pressure of gas therein that is above atmospheric pressure.",
    "3. The method of curing of claim 1, wherein the at least one flow regulation device comprises at least one of a pressure regulator and a flow controller configured to supply carbon dioxide gas at a rate substantially equal to a rate of consumption of the carbon dioxide by the material during curing.",
    "4. The method of curing of claim 1, wherein the at least one flow regulation device comprises at least one of a pressure regulator and a flow controller configured to supply carbon dioxide gas at a rate sufficient to purge ambient atmosphere from the curing chamber in a time period between 2-120 minutes to achieve a target CO2 concentration in a range of 50-90% by volume.",
    "5. The method of curing of claim 1, wherein the at least one flow regulation device comprises at least one of a pressure regulator and a flow controller configured to supply carbon dioxide gas at a rate substantially equal to a rate of venting of the gas from the curing chamber.",
    "6. The method of curing of claim 1, wherein the gas flow subsystem includes a measurement apparatus configured to measure an amount of carbon dioxide in the gas present in the curing chamber.",
    "7. The method of curing of claim 1, wherein the measurement apparatus configured to measure the gas velocity is a selected one of a pitot tube, an orifice plate, an anemometer, and a laser Doppler detection system.",
    "8. The method of curing of claim 1, wherein the gas flow subsystem includes a variable speed blower configured to adjust the velocity of the gas to the desired velocity in the curing chamber.",
    "9. The method of curing of claim 1, wherein the at least one controller is one of a programmable logic controller, a controller having a touch screen display, and a general purpose programmable computer that operates under the control of a set of instructions recorded on a machine-readable medium.",
    "10. The method of curing of claim 1, wherein the at least one controller includes a display configured to display to a user any of a duration of a curing cycle, the flow rate of the gaseous carbon dioxide, a concentration of carbon dioxide in the curing chamber, and a rate of circulation of the gas through the curing chamber.",
    "11. The method of curing of claim 1, wherein the at least one controller is configured to record any of a duration of a curing cycle, the flow rate of the gaseous carbon dioxide, a concentration of carbon dioxide in the curing chamber, and a rate of circulation of the gas through the curing chamber.",
    "12. The method of curing of claim 1, further comprising the step of providing a pre carbon dioxide dwell period.",
    "13. The method of curing of claim 12, wherein during the pre carbon dioxide dwell period parameters within the curing chamber are controlled.",
    "14. The method of curing of claim 1, further comprising generating a gas velocity measurement signal with the measurement apparatus configured to measure the gas velocity of the gas present in the curing chamber, sending the gas velocity measurement signal to the controller, and using the gas velocity measurement as a control parameter to cure the material."
  ],
  "description_excerpt": "The invention generally relates to systems and methods for preparing novel composite materials. More particularly, the invention relates to equipment and methods used for making synthetic materials from a variety of commonly available raw (or precursor) materials including water and carbon dioxide. These composite materials are suitable for a variety of uses in construction, infrastructure, art and decoration.\n\nConcrete and Stone Materials\n\nHumans have known and used concrete and stone since ancient times. For example, materials such as concrete, slate, granite and marble are used in constructing various useful structures.\n\nConcrete has been used for all manner of structures, including roads, buildings and building components such as pipe, block, pavers, and railroad ties. Concrete has many beneficial properties such as being hard (or resistant to deformation by mechanical forces), fireproof, water repellent, and resistant to the elements including resistance to mold growth and fungus growth.\n\nSlate is a fine grained, metamorphic rock composed primarily of quartz and mica (sometimes formulated as KAl 2 (AlSi 3 O 10)). Because slate is planar, hard, fireproof, water repellent, and resistant to the elements including resistance to mold growth and fungus growth, it finds broad uses in building and construction, such as paver and roofing materials. Slate occurs in a variety of colors, for example, grey (pale to dark), green, cyan (bluish-green) or purple colors. Slate is generally “foliated”, or layered, such that it cleaves to give distinctive, planar surface patterns.",
  "cpc": [
    "B01J 10/005",
    "B28B 11/245",
    "B28B 11/247",
    "C04B 28/188",
    "C04B 40/02",
    "C04B 40/0231",
    "F27B 1/00",
    "F27B 5/04",
    "Y02P 40/18"
  ],
  "ipc": [
    "B01J 10/00",
    "B28B 11/24",
    "C04B 28/18",
    "C04B 40/02",
    "F26B 21/33",
    "F27B 1/00",
    "F27B 5/04"
  ],
  "assignees": [
    "Solidia Technologies Inc"
  ],
  "inventors": [
    "John P. KUPPLER",
    "Vahit Atakan",
    "Kenneth Smith",
    "Xudong Hu"
  ],
  "filing_date": "2018-04-30",
  "publication_date": "2020-06-02",
  "grant_date": "2020-06-02",
  "priority_date": "2013-03-14",
  "application_number": "US-201815966794-A",
  "family_id": "51625347",
  "cited_by_count": 24,
  "citations": [
    "SU88345A1",
    "US4772439A",
    "US4436498A",
    "US5089198A",
    "SU1717371A1",
    "US5549859A",
    "US5660900A",
    "US5257464A",
    "US5935317A",
    "US6065224A",
    "US7272895B2",
    "US7225561B2",
    "US20050269254A1",
    "JP2006143531A",
    "US8096064B2",
    "US8444903B2",
    "CN101139182A",
    "WO2009078430A1",
    "US8499471B2",
    "US9598653B2",
    "US8407912B2",
    "US8898927B2",
    "UA73492U",
    "US8845940B2",
    "US9476642B2",
    "US20140178513A1",
    "US9221027B2",
    "US10016739B2",
    "US20180311632A1",
    "US20140361471A1",
    "US9506695B2",
    "US10351478B2"
  ]
}