Tool for crushing coke in drums by means of high-pressure water jets

{
  "publication_number": "US2015047483A1",
  "country": "US",
  "kind": "A1",
  "title": "Tool for crushing coke in drums by means of high-pressure water jets",
  "abstract": "The invention relates to a tool for crushing coke in drums with of high-pressure water jets, which has a housing 2 with a feed system 4 for high-pressure water, and a housing wall 3 with outwardly directed boring and cutting nozzles 5 a, 5 b, out of the openings 7 of which high-pressure water jets 28 exit, as well as flow channels 4 g, 4 h, which connect the feed system 4 with the boring and cutting nozzles 5 a, 5 b. So that the opening of the boring and cutting nozzles is permanently protected and kept free of deposits of coke or the like, the opening of the boring or cutting nozzle is respectively closable by a one- or multi-part flap, which is adjustable between a dosed position and an open position.",
  "claims": [
    "1. A tool for crushing coke in drums by means of high-pressure water jets, which has a housing (2) with a feed system (4) for high-pressure water and a housing wall (3) with outwardly directed boring and cutting nozzles (5 a, 5 b), out of the openings (7) of which high-pressure water jets (28) exit as well as flow channels (4 g, 4 h), which connect the feed system (4) with the boring and cutting nozzles (5 a, 5 b), wherein the opening (7) of the boring or cutting nozzle (5 a, 5 b) is closable respectively with a flap (8), which is adjustable between a closed position and an open position. 2. The tool according to claim 1, wherein the flap (8) is attached on one end of a nozzle channel (5 d) next to the opening (7) of the boring or cutting nozzle (5 a, 5 b) respectively with a swivel joint (11) on the housing (2) of the tool (1). 3. The tool according to claim 2, further comprising a spring (13), which causes the pivot movement of the flap (8) from the open position to the dosed position and holds the flap (8) in the inactive phase of the boring or cutting nozzle (5 a, 5 b) in its dosed position. 4. The tool according to claim 1, wherein the opening (7) of the boring or cutting nozzle (5 a, 5 b) and the flap (8) are arranged on a nozzle flange (22) fastened on the housing (2). 5. The tool according to claim 1, wherein the opening (7) of the boring or cutting nozzle (5 a, 5 b) is surrounded outside on the housing (2) of the tool (1) by a collar (14), which has an upper gap (16) on its top side (15), in which an upper end (9) of the flap (8) is arranged with a swivel joint (11). 6. The tool according to claim 5, wherein the swivel joint (11) comprises a pin (18) bridging the upper gap (16) and anchored in upper collar ends (14 a, 14 b) on both sides of the upper gap (16) as the rotational axis and a corresponding bearing bore (19) in the upper end of the flap (8), with which the pin (18) forms the swivel joint (11). 7. The tool according to claim 5, wherein the collar (14) has on its bottom end a second lower gap (17) lying opposite the first upper gap, into which a bottom end (10) of the flap (8) pivots when the flap (8) assumes its dosed position. 8. The tool according to claim 1, wherein the flap (8) has a level, circular projection (25) on its inside (20), which in the closed position abuts against a projection (24) of the boring or cutting nozzles (5 a, 5 b) surrounding the opening (7) of the boring or cutting nozzle (5 a, 5 b), wherein the projection (24) has a bearing surface (21) complementary to a bearing surface of the projection (25). 9. The tool according to claim 1, wherein the flap (8) is designed in multiple parts and comprises opposite-lying respectively pivotingly mounted wings (8 a, 8 b), which close the opening (7) of the boring or cutting nozzle (5 a, 5 b) in the dosed position like rotatable gate wings when they are adjacent to each other in a plane vertical to a nozzle channel (5 d) and release the opening (7) in that they are respectively rotated to the outside in a pivoting manner. 10. The tool according to claim 9, wherein the wings (8 a, 8 b) are arranged in a rectangular recess (26) of a protective cap (29) attached in the area of the opening (7). 11. The tool according to claim 10, wherein the width of the recess (26) is selected larger than the diameter of the opening (7) of the boring or cutting nozzle (5 a, 5 b) such that behind a ledge (33) receiving areas (34) are formed for the wings (8 a, 8 b). 12. The tool according to claim 10 wherein the wings (8 a, 8 b) are mounted opposite each other in a rotary manner with parallel rotational axes in the recess (26) respectively by means of a pin (18). 13. The tool according to claim 9, wherein the wings (8 a, 8 b) in the inactive phase of the boring or cutting nozzle (5 a, 5 b) are pressed into the closed position by means of torsion springs (36) and in the active phase of the boring or cutting nozzle (5 a, 5 b) are pivoted and held in the open position by the high-pressure water jet against the spring effect, in which they release the opening (7) of the boring or cutting nozzle (5 a, 5 b). 14. The tool according to claim 9, wherein narrow sides (37 a, 37 b) of the wings facing each other in the closed position of the boring or cutting nozzle (5 a, 5 b) are designed respectively rounded on one edge (38 a, 38 b) for pivoting the wings (8 a, 8 b) into the closed position. 15. A nozzle for a tool for crushing coke in drums by means of high-pressure water jets, wherein the nozzle is closable as a boring or respective cutting nozzle (5 a, 5 b) with a one- or multi-part flap (8; 8 a, 8 b), which is adjustable between a closed position and an open position. 16. A method for operating a tool for crushing coke in drums by means of high-pressure water jets, wherein the method is performed with a tool (1) according to claim 1."
  ],
  "description_excerpt": "The invention relates to a tool for crushing coke in drums by means of high-pressure water jets, which has\n\na housing with a feed system for high-pressure water and\n\na housing wall with outwardly directed boring and cutting nozzles, out of the openings of which high-pressure water jets exit as well as\n\nflow channels, which connect the feed system with the boring and cutting nozzles.\n\nIn oil refineries, the last, otherwise no longer usable, fraction of the crude oil is converted to coke. The conversion takes place by introducing this fraction to drums, which fill with coke as the operating time progresses. When the maximum fill level of the drums is reached, the coke is cut out of the drums.\n\nThis process, called “decoking”, is normally performed with high-pressure water jets, which crush the coke and flush it out of the drums. The tool for generating these high-pressure water jets is inserted into the drum from above via a boring rod. The “decoking” is performed in two sections. First, an opening is bored in the drum from top to bottom by the tool, then the tool is guided back to the top end of the drum and the coke is now crushed by the high-pressure water jets, which exit from it approximately at a right angle to the longitudinal axis of the tool.\n\nThe tool, which is for example known from DE 10 2011 053 852 A1, is thus designed for two operating states: first for the boring of an opening, which is required for moving the tool and the later discharging of crushed coke, and second for cutting the coke away from the cross-section of the drum.",
  "cpc": [
    "B26F 3/004",
    "B26F 2003/006",
    "Y10T 83/0591",
    "Y10T 83/364"
  ],
  "ipc": [
    "B26F 3/00",
    "B02C 19/18"
  ],
  "assignees": [
    "Ruhrpumpen GmbH"
  ],
  "inventors": [
    "Wolfgang Paul",
    "Thomas Hoppe",
    "Andreas Wupper"
  ],
  "filing_date": "2014-07-08",
  "publication_date": "2015-02-19",
  "priority_date": "2013-08-13",
  "application_number": "US-201414325416-A",
  "family_id": "52430339",
  "cited_by_count": 1,
  "citations": [
    "US5831224A",
    "US20030127251A1",
    "US8770494B2"
  ]
}