Manufacture of solar reflectors

{
  "publication_number": "US4115177A",
  "country": "US",
  "kind": "A",
  "title": "Manufacture of solar reflectors",
  "abstract": "A tool is provided for manufacturing parabolic solar reflectors. The tool employs an improved smooth convex parabolic surface terminating in edges remote from the parabolic vertex which are preferably placed under elastic tension tending to draw the edges toward each other. The improved convex surface is a film of plastic coated with chromium metal on its exterior surface. A multiple layered thermosetting plastic reflector support is molded onto the convex surface of the tool. The reflector support is removed from the tool and a layer of aluminum is vacuum deposited onto the interior concave parabolic reflector surface.",
  "claims": [
    "1. A method of making a reflector specular to infra-red solar radiation for a solar energy collector system using a female mold having therein a longitudinally extending parabolic recess with a structurally reinforced mirror finished surface, and constructing a male mold from said female mold, the steps comprising (a) spraying a thin, tough, epoxy polyamid gelcoat onto said mirror finished surface; (b) applying fiberglass resin mixed with chopped roving onto said coated mirror finished surface in thin layers to prevent exotherm warpage; (c) structurally supporting said applied layers to stabilize a convex parabolic configuration on the convex surface thereof; (d) applying a fiberglass retainer layer over said structurally supported layers of fiberglass resin mixed with chopped roving; (e) at least partially curing said structure and removing it from said female mold; (f) attaching transversely extending adjustable spacing means between opposing portions of said convex parabolic configuration at locations remote from the directrix thereof; (g) adjusting said spacing means to correct for minor distortions in said parabolic configuration; (h) bending a smooth, mirror finished planar film free of surface irregularities across said parabolic configuration and securing it thereto to form a longitudinally extending smooth rigid convex surface of precise parabolic cross section throughout, thereby completing said male mold, and thereafter: (i) spraying said rigid convex surface with a resin release agent; (j) spraying thereover in an uncured state and in a plurality of different operations a plurality of layers of thermosetting resin to form a reflector support structure; (k) removing the longitudinally extending parabolic trough reflector support structure so formed from said convex surface; (l) vacuum depositing aluminum onto the exposed concave surface of said reflector support structure to a thickness opaque to infra-red solar radiation and no greater than 0.001 inches; and (m) closing the ends of said reflector support structure with structure utilizing planar end pieces oriented normal to the concave surface formed in the reflector support structure.",
    "2. The method of claim 1 further comprising positioning a plurality of reflector support structures in end to end relationship to create a reflector of extended length equal to the length of a plural number of reflector support structures formed as aforesaid.",
    "3. The method of claim 1 further characterized in that the step of vacuum depositing is carried out at a pressure of about 10 -5 inches of mercury.",
    "4. The method of claim 1 further comprising, following the step of vacuum depositing aluminum, the step of vacuum depositing onto said aluminum coated concave surface a layer of silicon dioxide to aid in the prevention of surface oxidation.",
    "5. The method of claim 1 further comprising, following the step of vacuum depositing aluminum, the step of applying an acrylic resin layer onto said aluminum coated concave surface to aid in the prevention of surface oxidation.",
    "6. The method of claim 1 further characterized in that said step of spraying a plurality of layers of thermosetting resin on said rigid convex surface to form a reflector support structure further comprises spraying a first heavy resin coat on said rigid convex surface, applying thereover a second resin coat, at least partially curing said second resin coat, and applying thereover a third resin coat intermixed with chopped glass roving.",
    "7. The method of claim 1 wherein said step of spraying a plurality of layers of thermosetting resin on said rigid convex surface to form a reflector support structure, further comprises spraying a first heavy resin coat on said convex surface, applying thereover a fiberglass veil, at least partially curing said heavy resin coat, applying thereover a second resin coat, at least partially curing said second resin coat, applying thereover a layer of fiberglass duct wrap, and applying thereover a third resin coat intermixed with chopped glass roving.",
    "8. The method of claim 1 further comprising selecting an isophthalate as said thermosetting resin.",
    "9. The method of claim 1 further comprising interposing spring biasing means between opposing surfaces of the reflector support structure at edges thereof tending to draw said edges toward each other prior to fully curing said layers of thermosetting resin on said convex surface.",
    "10. The method claim 9 further comprising placing a plurality of elastically deformable members positioned under tension in spaced displacement from each other longitudinally along said reflector support structure in mutually parallel alignment.",
    "11. The method of claim 10 further comprising selecting coil springs as said elastically deformable members."
  ],
  "description_excerpt": "The present invention relates to the manufacture of reflector troughs. Such a trough is used in reflecting solar energy to concentrate that energy on an energy absorption device extending linearly along the focus of the trough.\n\nIn the past it has been found desireable to manufacture solar reflector troughs extending longitudinally in uniform cross section and having an interior concave surface formed in a parabolic configuration. Such reflector troughs are oriented to face the sun in order to receive solar radiation therefrom and reflect the sun's rays onto a solar energy absorption medium. Such a medium may assume the form of a conduit carrying circulating fluid. The conduit is located longitudinally along the trough at the parabolic focus. Reflected energy is thereby absorbed in the circulating fluid in the conduit and employed to advantage for a variety of purposes. The fluid may be used to carry thermal energy to create electricity, or may itself be distilled. Examples of the conventional manufacture and utilization of such reflectors are depicted in U.S. Pat. Nos. 1,946,184 and 3,959,056.\n\nProblems have heretofore existed in the conventional manufacture of solar reflectors in that an adequate reflective surface has not heretofore been available which could be produced to economic advantage. An ideal reflector should be formed in a continuous concave focusing configuration with total reflectivity of sunlight and without surface irregularities that would cause difusion. Heretofore, several approaches have been attempted in an attempt to achieve a suitable reflector.",
  "cpc": [
    "H01Q 15/142",
    "F24S 23/74",
    "F24S 23/82",
    "Y02E 10/40",
    "Y10S 359/90"
  ],
  "ipc": [
    "F24S 23/74",
    "H01Q 15/14"
  ],
  "inventors": [
    "David H. Nelson"
  ],
  "filing_date": "1976-11-22",
  "publication_date": "1978-09-19",
  "grant_date": "1978-09-19",
  "priority_date": "1976-11-22",
  "application_number": "US-74414976-A",
  "family_id": "24991628",
  "cited_by_count": 59,
  "citations": [
    "US2945233A",
    "US3119109A",
    "US3184210A",
    "US3536800A",
    "US3716869A",
    "US3855027A",
    "US3897294A"
  ]
}