Method and apparatus for halting the advancement of accidental ethylene decomposition in a gas pipeline

{
  "publication_number": "US4192656A",
  "country": "US",
  "kind": "A",
  "title": "Method and apparatus for halting the advancement of accidental ethylene decomposition in a gas pipeline",
  "abstract": "In a system in which compressed ethylene is scheduled to flow through pipes, and in which there is danger of decomposition of ethylene and danger of the spreading of a reaction boundary of the exothermic decomposition reaction, a method and means are provided for quenching the advancement of the decomposition. Ethylene is directed from large diameter pipes into an array of spaced apart small diameter tubes which are not overheated when subjected to the combination of head and tail boundaries of the advancing plug of decomposition products. Such overheating of the tubes by the leading and trailing flames can be prevented by cooling the exterior of the tubes with a fluid normally maintained at about ambient temperature, thereby cooling the compressed ethylene sufficiently to quench the decomposition reaction. The cooling fluid is desirably an aqueous system adapted to be converted to steam under severe conditions. A significant depth of liquid is normally maintained above the upper strata of tubes in the reaction boundary suppressors so that the total cooling capacity of the liquid, before evaporation exposes an upper strata of tubes, is significantly greater than in the dormant liquid of a heat exchanger of conventional design. This system of quenching reactions has applicability to facilities featuring the flow of gases other than ethylene. The system comprising the piping for the compressed gas includes such reaction boundary suppressors at locations appropriate for protecting critical zones of compressed gas from the hazard of the advancement of an undesired accidental reaction.",
  "claims": [
    "1. In a system for the pipeline flow of compressed ethylene along relatively great distances, wherein non-catalytic decomposition of ethylene to form carbon, miscellaneous products, and methane is an exothermic reaction which can advance from a point of origin in various directions, the method of halting the advancement of a reaction boundary of such decomposition reaction which consists of: controlling the path of the compressed gaseous ethylene so that, at appropriate zones of contemplated flow of ethylene, the ethylene instead of flowing through a conventional portion of a gas pipeline, is directed through an array of narrow tubes having cross-sectional dimensions of not more than 4 centimeters and having a length greater than a meter, and cooling the ethylene in said plurality of narrow tubes by transferring heat from the ethylene to a liquid normally maintained below about 150° C., whereby the compressed ethylene flowing throughout the entire length of said narrow tubular stream is quenched to a temperature below the decomposition temperature of ethylene at such conditions.",
    "2. In a system for the pipeline flow of compressed ethylene along relatively great distances, wherein non-catalytic decomposition of ethylene to form carbon, miscellaneous products, and methane is an exothermic reaction which can advance from a point of origin in various directions, the apparatus for halting the advancement of a reaction boundary of such decomposition reaction which consists of: an array of narrow tubes having a length of at least 1 meter and an internal diameter of not greater than about 4 centimeters through which said compressed ethylene flows; a shell defining a vat, said vat containing a pool of liquid normally maintained at about ambient temperature, the upper surface of the pool of liquid being exposed to the surroundings in such manner that vapor may evaporate from the upper surface of the liquid, said array of tubes being immersed significantly below the surface of said pool of liquid; entry means directing gas flowing through an entry pipe connected to said gas pipe line into said plurality of tubes; and exit means directing gas flowing through said plurality of tubes into an exit pipe connected to said gas pipe line.",
    "3. In a ethylene gas pipe line system comprising pathways for the flow of gas which normally can flow safely along relatively great distances in said pipeline system, but which is susceptible to accidental participation in an exothermic reaction capable of advancing in various directions from a point of origin, the apparatus for halting the advancement of a reaction boundary of such exothermic reaction which consists of: an array of narrow tubes having a length of at least 1 meter and an internal diameter not greater than about 4 centimeters through which the gas stream is adapted to flow; structural means for maintaining the exterior of said array of narrow tubes immersed significantly below the upper surface of a liquid normally maintained at about ambient temperature, and adapted to cool the gas flowing within said array of tubes to a temperature below about 150° C., whereby in the event of the advancement of a reaction boundary into one end of the array of narrow tubes the reaction boundary is cooled and quenched to below reaction temperature before such reaction boundary can advance to the other end of such tubes; entry means directing gas flowing through an entry pipe connected to said gas pipeline into said array of tubes; and exit means directing gas flowing through said array of tubes into an exit pipe connected to said gas pipeline.",
    "4. In a ethylene gas pipeline system comprising pathways for the flow of a gas which normally can flow safely along relatively long distances in said pipeline system, but which is susceptible to accidental participation in an exothermic reaction capable of advancing in various directions from a point of origin, the method of halting the advancement of the reaction boundary of such exothermic reaction in the gas pipeline system which consists of: controlling the path of the gas flow so that, at appropriate zones of contemplated flow of the gas, the gas, instead of flowing through a conventional portion of a gas pipeline, is directed through an array of narrow tubes having cross sectional dimensions of not greater than about 4 centimeters, and having a length greater than about a meter, and cooling the gas in said narrow tubes by heat exchanging said gas with a liquid normally maintained at about ambient temperature, whereby the gas flowing through said narrow tubes does not undergo the exothermic reaction because of the quenching thereof by said heat exchange with the cooling liquid.",
    "5. The apparatus of claim 3 in which the entry means and exit means are sufficiently equivalent that the potential flow of reaction boundary may be through the array of tubes in either direction, whereby what is utilized as the entry means and exit means is controlled by the direction of the flow of reaction boundary in the pipeline.",
    "6. The apparatus of claim 3 in which a vaporizable aqueous system serves as the liquid maintained normally at about ambient temperature."
  ],
  "description_excerpt": "1. FIELD OF INVENTION\n\nThis invention relates to compressed ethylene and systems involving the piping of compressed ethylene along relatively great distances. In its broader aspects, it relates to reaction boundary suppressors in facilities in which a reaction boundary such as a flame front of an undesired reaction (initiated by an accident) has a propensity to migrate through a gas pipeline. The similar minimizing of the spreading of flames through a gas pipeline system is sometimes discussed in relation to the strategy of placement of flame arrestors.\n\nIt has long been known that a saturated hydrocarbon gas, such as ethane, propane, or methane, could be compressed and transmitted through pipelines without significant problems other than the hazard of combustion. By maintaining acetylene at about atmospheric pressure and quite pure, acetylene can be handled safely. At an early date, it was learned that acetylene was quite hazardous when compressed by reason of its propensity to undergo a decomposition. The flame speed for such decomposition is greater than the speed of sound, thus classifying the reaction as a detonation instead of deflagration. The early discovery of the violence of the detonation of compressed acetylene resulted in municipal ordinances prohibiting systems using compressed acetylene.\n\nCompressed ethylene is neither as safe as compressed ethane nor as dangerous as compressed acetylene. It has been known that a decomposition reaction could advance throughout a great length of a pipe containing compressed ethylene.",
  "cpc": [
    "C07C 11/04",
    "F16L 55/00",
    "F17D 1/02",
    "Y10S 165/911",
    "Y10T 137/6416"
  ],
  "ipc": [
    "C07C 11/04",
    "F16L 55/00",
    "F17D 1/02",
    "F17D 1/04"
  ],
  "assignees": [
    "Atlantic Richfield Co"
  ],
  "inventors": [
    "G. Richard Worrell",
    "Frank F. McKay, Jr."
  ],
  "filing_date": "1977-12-15",
  "publication_date": "1980-03-11",
  "grant_date": "1980-03-11",
  "priority_date": "1977-12-15",
  "application_number": "US-86079177-A",
  "family_id": "25334021",
  "cited_by_count": 6,
  "citations": [
    "US996130A",
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    "FR764167A",
    "US2730438A",
    "US2772537A",
    "US3071452A",
    "US3763262A",
    "US3830063A"
  ]
}