Piston for an internal combustion engine

{
  "publication_number": "US5076225A",
  "country": "US",
  "kind": "A",
  "title": "Piston for an internal combustion engine",
  "abstract": "A piston 2 for an internal combustion engine includes side wall portions 12 connecting skirt portions 10 to pin boss portions 6 so as to support the skirt portions 10 in a direction perpendicular to an axis 8 of the pin boss portions. The skirt supporting stiffness of each side wall portion 12 is gradually changed in an axial direction of the piston 2 so as to have a maximum stiffness at a lower end portion of the side wall portions b 12 and to decrease in the direction upwardly away from the lower end portion of the side wall portion 12. Due to this structure, the skirt portion 10 is unlikely to be deformed at its lower end portion so that a clearance between the skirt portion 10 and a cylinder bore surface 20 is maintained small. Further, the skirt portion 10 has a soft structure at the shoulder of the skirt portion 10 so that a shock at the shoulder will be decreased to prevent breakage of an oil membrane from happening at the upper portion of the skirt portion 10.",
  "claims": [
    "1. A piston for an internal combustion engine comprising: a cylindrical top portion having an axis that defines an axis of the piston; two pin boss portions located below the top portion on opposite sides of the axis of the piston and integrally connected to the top portion, the pin boss portions having an axis extending perpendicular to the axis of the piston; two skirt portions located below the top portion on opposite sides of the axis of the pin boss portions and connected to the top portion; and side wall portions located below the top portion between the pin boss portions and the skirt portions and connecting the pin boss portions and the skirt portions so as to support the skirt portions from the pin boss portions in directions perpendicular to the axis of the pin boss portions, skirt supporting stiffness of each side wall portion being gradually changed in an axial direction of the piston as a result of the axially changing shape of the cross section of the piston, so as to have a maximum stiffness at lower portions of the side wall portions and to decrease in a direction upwardly away from the lower portions of the side wall portions.",
    "2. The piston according to claim 1, wherein each side wall portion includes: a first portion having a first end connected to an adjacent skirt portion and an opposite second end; a second portion having a first end connected to an adjacent pin boss portion and an opposite second end; and a third portion connecting the second end of the first portion and the second end of the second portion in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the piston, the third portion having a curved cross section concave in a radially inward direction in the plane perpendicular to the axis of the piston, a radius of curvature of the third portion decreasing gradually in the axial direction of the piston upwardly away from the lower portion of the side wall portion.",
    "3. The piston according to claim 2, wherein the first portion is configured to be an arc concave in a direction toward the axis of the piston in the plane perpendicular to the axis of the piston, an outside surface of the first portion receding from a circumferential extension of an outside surface of the skirt portion in the direction toward the axis of the piston in the plane perpendicular to the axis of the piston.",
    "4. The piston according to claim 2, wherein the second portion is configured to be an arc having a center of curvature outside the side wall portion in the plane perpendicular to the axis of the piston, a distance between centers of curvature of second portions located on opposite sides of the axis of the piston increasing gradually in the axial direction of the piston upwardly away from the lower portion of the side wall portion.",
    "5. The piston according to claim 2, wherein the second portion is configured to be an arc having a center of curvature outside the side wall portion in the plane perpendicular to the axis of the piston, a radius of curvature of the second portion decreasing gradually in the axial direction of the piston upwardly away from the lower portion of the side wall portion.",
    "6. The piston according to claim 3, wherein a radial distance between the outside surface of the first portion of each side wall portion and the extension of the outside surface of the adjacent skirt portion is constant in a circumferential direction of the piston.",
    "7. The piston according to claim 1, wherein each side wall portion includes a first portion connected to an adjacent skirt portion and an opposite second portion connected to an adjacent pin boss portion, the first portion having a straight extending outside surface in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the piston, the second portion being configured to be an arc, and an angle defined between the outside surface of the first portion and a direction perpendicular to the axis of the pin boss portions increasing gradually in the axial direction of the piston upwardly away from the lower end portion of the side wall portion.",
    "8. The piston according to claim 1, wherein each side wall portion extends straight from the adjacent skirt portion to the adjacent pin boss portion, an angle defined between the side wall portion and a direction perpendicular to the axis of the pin boss portions increasing gradually in the axial direction of the piston upwardly away from the lower portion of the side wall portion.",
    "9. The piston according to claim 1, wherein each side wall portion has an outside surface and an inside surface, the outside surface of the side wall portion extends straight from the adjacent pin boss portion to the adjacent skirt portion, the inside surface of each side wall portion being connected to an inside surface of the adjacent skirt portion via a curved surface in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the piston, a radius of curvature of the curved surface decreasing gradually in the axial direction of the piston upwardly away from the lower portion of the side wall portion."
  ],
  "description_excerpt": "1. Field of the Invention\n\nThe present invention relates to a piston for an internal combustion engine.\n\n2. Description of the Prior Art\n\nA new piston usually has a smaller diameter at a shoulder of a skirt portion than at a lower portion of the skirt portion for the purpose of absorbing the large thermal expansion of the shoulder portion.\n\nHowever, after repeated impacts against a cylinder bore surface the piston becomes deformed radially inwardly at the lower portion of the skirt portion, as shown in FIG. 15, from configuration A to configuration B. At this time, the piston will impact against the cylinder bore surface at the shoulder portion C of the skirt portion also. Since a clearance between the shoulder portion and the cylinder bore surface is large, impact forces and slapping noise will be increased.\n\nTo prevent the clearance between the skirt portion and the cylinder bore surface from increasing, it is useful to increase radial stiffness of the skirt portion. However, if the stiffness of the skirt portion is increased, the shock occurring at the shoulder portion of the skirt portion after the lower portion of the skirt portion finally is deformed will become large, and an oil film formed between the shoulder portion and the cylinder bore surface will rupture to cause scuffing.\n\nAn object of the invention is to provide a piston for an internal combustion engine wherein deformation of the lower portion of the skirt portion and scuffing at the shoulder portion of the skirt portion are prevented from occurring.",
  "cpc": [
    "F02F 3/00",
    "F05C 2251/042",
    "F16J 1/001"
  ],
  "ipc": [
    "F02F 3/00",
    "F16J 1/00"
  ],
  "assignees": [
    "Toyota Motor Corp"
  ],
  "inventors": [
    "Noriyuki Tokoro",
    "Roichi Shimura",
    "Youichi Sugiura"
  ],
  "filing_date": "1990-12-27",
  "publication_date": "1991-12-31",
  "grant_date": "1991-12-31",
  "priority_date": "1989-12-28",
  "application_number": "US-63456390-A",
  "family_id": "27274517",
  "cited_by_count": 47,
  "citations": [
    "US1475520A",
    "US1794827A",
    "JPS5554545A",
    "JPS58180353A",
    "JPS6285152A",
    "JPS6444346A"
  ]
}