Local communication network for power reduction and enhanced reliability in a multiple node tracking system

{
  "publication_number": "US5691980A",
  "country": "US",
  "kind": "A",
  "title": "Local communication network for power reduction and enhanced reliability in a multiple node tracking system",
  "abstract": "A mobile local area network (LAN) of tracked assets utilizing minimal power and bandwidth allows a large number of assets to be tracked in a practical manner. The mobile LAN is established between a plurality of tracking units in close proximity. Assets are approximately located according to their connection in the mobile LAN where the exact location of at least one of the network nodes is known. Each tracked asset has capability to independently determine and report its position to a central station, and each asset also has capability to communicate locally with other cooperative assets via the LAN. The LAN is dynamically reconfigurable so that as other cooperative assets come into proximity, they can join the network, and as others move away, they can leave the network. Within the network, a protocol is followed which assigns one of the assets to be the \"master\" and all others to be \"slaves\". The master asset takes responsibility for determining its own exact geographical position via LORAN, OMEGA, Global Positioning System (GPS) or other navigational aid. When connected in a LAN, slave assets report their ID to the master asset and do not determine their own locations in order to conserve power. The master reports its location and ID, as well as the IDs of the other assets in the LAN, to the central station. Uncertainty in the location of a slave asset is limited by the known possible geographical extent of the LAN which is known a priori.",
  "claims": [
    "1. A method of tracking assets comprising the steps of: affixing a tracking unit to each asset to be tracked; establishing a mobile local area network of a plurality of tracking units in close proximity, each of said tracking units constituting a respective node of the mobile local area network; and each of said tracking units capability to independently determine and report its location to a central station and capability to communicate locally with other cooperative tracking units via the mobile local area network, said method further comprising the step of dynamically reconfiguring the mobile local area network so that other cooperative tracking units that come into proximity with the network can join the network, and tracking units that distance themselves from the network can leave the network; and identifying locations of tracked assets according to their connection in the mobile local area network where the exact location of at least one of the network nodes is known.",
    "2. A method of tracking assets comprising the steps of: affixing a tracking unit to each asset to be tracked; establishing a mobile local area network of a plurality of tracking units in close proximity, each of said tracking units constituting a respective node of the mobile local area network; identifying locations of tracked assets according to their connection in the mobile local area network where the exact location of at least one of the network nodes is known; assigning one of the tracking units to function as a \"master\" and all others to function as \"slaves\", each of the master and slave tracking units having its own, respective, unique identification (ID); determining by the master tracking unit its own exact geographical position; reporting by the slave tracking units their ID's to the master tracking unit according to a local protocol without determining their own locations, so as to conserve power; and reporting by the master tracking unit to a central station the master tracking unit location and ID as well as the IDs of the other tracking units in the local area network.",
    "3. A method of tracking assets comprising the steps of: affixing a tracking unit to each asset to be tracked; establishing a mobile local area network of a plurality of tracking units in close proximity, each of said tracking units constituting a respective node of the mobile local area network, issuing a \"CALL FOR NEW MEMBERS\" message by a first one of the tracking units acting as a \"master unit\"; issuing an \"I AM JOINING THE NETWORK\" message by a second one the tracking units, said second one of the tracking units acting as a \"slave unit\"; and adding said second one of the tracking units to a slave list maintained by said first one of the tracking units; and identifying locations of tracked assets according to their connection in the mobile local area network where the exact location of at least one of the network nodes is known.",
    "4. The method of tracking assets as recited in claim 3 further comprising the steps of: periodically issuing an \"ARE YOU STILL PRESENT?\" message by said first one of the tracking units; and responding to the \"ARE YOU STILL PRESENT?\" message by said second one of the tracking units by issuing an \"I AM STILL PRESENT\" message.",
    "5. The method of tracking assets as recited in claim 4 further comprising the steps of: incrementing a failure count by said first one of the tracking units when an \"I AM STILL PRESENT\" message is not received from said second one of the tracking units in response to the \"ARE YOU STILL PRESENT?\" message; determining if the failure count exceeds a predetermined value; and removing said second one of the tracking units from said slave list when the failure count exceeds said predetermined value.",
    "6. The method of tracking assets as recited in claim 5 further comprising the steps of: checking the slave list of said first one of the tracking units; and changing said first one of said tracking units to an autonomous state if the slave list is empty.",
    "7. The method of tracking assets as recited in claim 3 further comprising the steps of: issuing a \"SEARCHING FOR A NETWORK\" message by a third one of said tracking units acting in an autonomous state; issuing an \"AUTONOMOUS, JOIN THE NETWORK\" message by said first one of the tracking units; issuing an \"I AM JOINING THE NETWORK\" message by said third one of the tracking units, said third one of the tracking units then assuming status of a slave unit; and adding said third one of the tracking units to said slave list.",
    "8. The method of tracking assets recited in claim 3 further comprising the steps of: detecting by the master tracking unit a transmission from a second master tracking unit of a second network; determining if the two master tracking units have identical velocity profiles; and merging the two networks when the two master tracking units have identical velocity profiles by changing one of the two master tracking units to a new slave tracking unit of the other master tracking unit; and adding the new slave tracking unit to a slave list maintained by the other of the two master tracking units.",
    "9. The method of tracking assets as recited in claim 8 wherein the step of merging the two networks includes the step of transmitting network information from the one master tracking unit to the other of the two master tracking units.",
    "10. The method of tracking assets recited in claim 3 wherein each of said tracking units is battery powered, further comprising the steps of: determining by the master tracking unit if the master tracking unit battery power is low and, if so, checking the slave list to select a slave tracking unit have a higher battery power; and transferring the role of master tracking unit to the selected slave tracking unit.",
    "11. The method of tracking assets recited in claim 10 wherein the step of transferring the role of master tracking unit to the selected slave tracking unit comprises the steps of: issuing by said first one of the tracking units a \"SLAVE, BECOME MASTER\" message; changing states of the first and second ones of the tracking units from master to slave and from slave to master, respectively; and adding said first one of the tracking units to a slave list maintained by said second one of the tracking units."
  ],
  "description_excerpt": "1. Field of the Invention\n\nThis invention relates to asset tracking and, more particularly, to tracking of assets, including goods and vehicles, using the Global Positioning System (GPS). While goods are an example of assets that need to be tracked, the cargo containers, container trucks and railcars in which the goods are shipped are themselves assets which need to be tracked.\n\n2. Description of the Prior Art\n\nGoods shipped from a manufacturing plant, warehouse or port of entry to a destination are normally tracked to assure their timely and safe delivery. Tracking has heretofore been accomplished in part by use of shipping documents and negotiable instruments, some of which travel with the goods and others of which are transmitted by post or courier to a receiving destination. This paper tracking provides a record which is completed only on the safe delivery and acceptance of the goods. However, during transit, there sometimes is a need to know the location and position of the goods. Knowledge of the location of goods can be used for inventory control, scheduling and monitoring.\n\nShippers have provided information on the location of goods by tracking their vehicles, knowing what goods are loaded on those vehicles. Goods are often loaded aboard shipping containers or container trucks, for example, which are in turn loaded aboard railcars. Various devices have been used to track such vehicles. In the case of railcars, passive radio frequency (RF) transponders mounted on the cars have been used to facilitate interrogation of each car as it passes a way station and supply the car's identification.",
  "cpc": [
    "H04W 84/20",
    "B61L 2205/04",
    "B61L 25/021",
    "B61L 25/025",
    "G01S 2205/002",
    "G01S 5/0027",
    "G08G 1/127",
    "Y02D 30/70"
  ],
  "ipc": [
    "B61L 25/02",
    "G01C 21/00",
    "G01S 19/03",
    "G01S 19/21",
    "G01S 5/00",
    "G07C 5/00",
    "G08B 25/04",
    "G08G 1/127",
    "H04B 7/212",
    "H04L 12/28"
  ],
  "assignees": [
    "General Electric Co"
  ],
  "inventors": [
    "II Kenneth Brakeley Welles",
    "Jerome Johnson Tiemann",
    "Sandeep Chennakeshu",
    "Harold Woodruff Tomlinson, Jr."
  ],
  "filing_date": "1995-06-07",
  "publication_date": "1997-11-25",
  "grant_date": "1997-11-25",
  "priority_date": "1995-06-07",
  "application_number": "US-48475095-A",
  "family_id": "23925451",
  "cited_by_count": 452,
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    "US5379224A",
    "US5479410A",
    "WO1994015413A1",
    "US5548296A",
    "US5453977A"
  ]
}