Method for administering insulin to the brain

{
  "publication_number": "US6313093B1",
  "country": "US",
  "kind": "B1",
  "title": "Method for administering insulin to the brain",
  "abstract": "Disclosed is a method for transporting neurologic therapeutic agents to the brain by means of the olfactory neural pathway and a pharmaceutical composition useful in the treatment of brain disorders.",
  "claims": [
    "1. A method for transporting an insulin to the brain of a mammal, comprising: applying a pharmaceutical composition comprising the insulin to an upper third of a nasal cavity of the mammal, wherein the insulin is absorbed through a nasal mucosa and transported to the brain of the mammal.",
    "2. The method of claim 1, comprising applying the pharmaceutical composition to an olfactroy area in the upper third of the nasal cavity.",
    "3. The method of claim 1, comprising applying the pharmaceutical composition to a roof of a nose.",
    "4. The method of claim 1, comprising applying the pharmaceutical composition by employing a tube, a catheter, a syringe, a packtail, a pledget, a submucosal infusion, or a combination thereof.",
    "5. The method of claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises a liquid, a powder, a spray, a nose drop, a gel, an ointment, an infusion, or a combination thereof.",
    "6. The method of claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier, a lipophilic micelle, a liposome, or a combination thereof.",
    "7. The method of claim 6, wherein the lipophilic micelle or liposome comprises a ganglioside, a phosphatidylcholine, a phosphatidylserine, or a combination thereof.",
    "8. The method of claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises a substance having an affinity for a receptor site on a neuron.",
    "9. The method of claim 1, wherein the insulin is transported to the brain by way of the mammal's nervous system instead of through the mammal's circulatory system.",
    "10. The method of claim 9, wherein the insulin is transported to the brain by way of an olfactory neural pathway.",
    "11. The method of claim 10, wherein the insulin is absorbed into an olfactory system of the brain.",
    "12. The method of claim 10, wherein the insulin is transported through a peripheral olfactory nerve into an olfactory bulb.",
    "13. The method of claim 1, wherein the insulin is transported to a basal forebrain, a prepyriform complex, a hippocampal formation, an amygdaloid nuclei, a nucleus basalis of Meynert, a locus ceruleus, a brainstem raphe nuclei, or a combination thereof.",
    "14. A method for administering an insulin to the brain of a mammal, comprising: applying a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of the insulin to a nasal cavity of the mammal, wherein the insulin is absorbed through a nasal mucosa and transported to the brain of the mammal along a neural pathway and in an amount effective for promoting growth of a brain cell, promoting survival of a brain cell, augmenting activity of a brain cell, providing a protective effect on a brain cell, or a combination thereof.",
    "15. The method of claim 14, wherein the insulin is transported to the brain by way of a nervous system instead of through a circulatory system.",
    "16. The method of claim 14, wherein the insulin is transported to the brain by way of an olfactory neural pathway.",
    "17. The method of claim 16, wherein the insulin is absorbed into an olfactory system of the brain.",
    "18. The method of claim 16, wherein the insulin is transported through a peripheral olfactory nerve into an olfactory bulb.",
    "19. The method of claim 14, wherein the insulin is transported to the brain of the mammal in an amount effective for treating a neurological condition, a brain disorder, a psychiatric disorder, or a combination thereof.",
    "20. The method of claim 19, wherein treating comprises treating or preventing brain disease or damage or inhibiting degeneration of nerve cells in the brain.",
    "21. The method of claim 19, wherein treating comprises providing a protective effect on brain cells against or treating stroke.",
    "22. The method of claim 19, wherein the condition or disorder comprises a neurodegenerative disorder, an affective disorder, nerve damage from a cerebrovascular disorder, or a combination thereof.",
    "23. The method of claim 22, wherein the affective disorder comprises depression or mania.",
    "24. The method of claim 22, wherein the neurodegenerative disorder is Parkinson's disease or Alzheimer's disease.",
    "25. The method of claim 14, wherein the insulin is transported to the olfactory system of the brain of the mammal in an amount effective for treating or preventing a loss of smell.",
    "26. The method of claim 14, comprising applying the pharmaceutical composition to an upper third of the nasal cavity.",
    "27. The method of claim 26, comprising applying the pharmaceutical composition to an olfactory area in the upper third of the nasal cavity.",
    "28. The method of claim 27, comprising applying the pharmaceutical composition to a roof of a nose.",
    "29. The method of claim 14, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier, a lipophilic micelle, a liposome, or a combination thereof.",
    "30. The method of claim 29, wherein the lipophilic micelle or liposome comprises a ganglioside, a phosphatidylcholine, a phosphatidylserine, or a combination thereof."
  ],
  "cpc": [
    "A61K 38/30",
    "A61K 38/00",
    "A61K 38/1825",
    "A61K 38/28",
    "A61K 9/0043",
    "A61K 9/0085"
  ],
  "assignees": [
    "CHIRON CORP"
  ],
  "filing_date": "1999-08-16",
  "publication_date": "2001-11-06",
  "grant_date": "2001-11-06",
  "priority_date": "1989-12-05",
  "application_number": "US-37480199-A",
  "family_id": "27388599",
  "citations": [
    "EP0145209A2",
    "EP0333574A2",
    "EP0351808A2",
    "FR2260329A1",
    "SU1139444A1",
    "US4376110A",
    "US4464358A",
    "US4479932A",
    "US4507391A",
    "US4579585A",
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    "WO8901343A1"
  ]
}