Protective fabric having high penetration resistance

{
  "publication_number": "US6720277B1",
  "country": "US",
  "kind": "B1",
  "title": "Protective fabric having high penetration resistance",
  "abstract": "A protective fabric of high penetration resistance is formed from a plurality of layered, densely woven base fabrics, each formed by tightly weaving multifilament yarns to obtain a warp yarn “density” or “cover” in excess of 100% at the center of the fill yarn, and a fill yarn density or cover preferably also in excess of 75%. The yarns themselves preferably comprise a high modulus, high breaking strength yarn of materials such as Kevlar, Spectra, or Vectran. The resultant layered fabric offers especially high penetration resistance to weapons such as ice picks and the like. Additional resistance to penetration by sharp knives is provided by interruptedly coating the base fabric with an epoxy in such a manner as to inhibit penetration while providing drapability and breathability.",
  "claims": [
    "1. A protective fabric substrate for protection against puncture, penetration and/or ballistics comprising: a plurality of warp yarns densely interwoven with a plurality of fill yarns; wherein the denier of the fill yarn is equal or greater than the denier of the warp yarn, at least one of said warp and fill yarns comprise staple fiber, and at least one of warp and fill directions has greater than 70 ends per inch.",
    "2. The protective fabric substrate as claimed in claim 1 wherein the denier of the fill yarn is at least 1.5 times greater than the denier of the warp yarn.",
    "3. The protective fabric substrate as claimed in claim 1 said staple fibers comprising stretch broken fibers.",
    "4. The protective fabric substrate of claim 1 wherein the warp yarns per inch is greater than the fill yarns per inch.",
    "5. The protective fabric substrate of claim 4 wherein the warp yarns per inch is at least 1.5 times the fill yarns per inch.",
    "6. The protective fabric substrate as claimed in claim 1 further including a repeatedly interrupted coating of epoxy resin material providing flexure points to the fabric substrate at the areas of interruption.",
    "7. The protective fabric substrate of claim 1, said yarns comprising fiber with tenacity greater than 10 grams per denier.",
    "8. The protective fabric substrate of claim 7, said yarns comprising fabric with tenacity greater than 15 grams per denier.",
    "9. The protective fabric substrate of claim 1, said staple fiber comprising staple filaments of denier less than 1.5.",
    "10. The protective fabric substrate of claim 1, said staple fiber comprising filament lengths of about 1.5 inches.",
    "11. The protective fabric substrate of claim 1, said staple fiber comprising filament lengths of greater than 1.5 inches.",
    "12. The protective fabric substrate of claim 1, said yarn comprising staple yarn of at least 100 denier.",
    "13. A protective fabric substrate for protection against puncture, penetration and/or ballistics comprising: a plurality of warp yarns densely interwoven with a plurality of fill yarns; wherein a warp crimp is greater than a fill crimp; and wherein the denier of the fill yarn is equal or greater than the denier of the warp yarn, at least one of said warp and fill yarn comprise staple fiber, and at least one of warp and fill directions has greater than 70 ends per inch.",
    "14. The protective fabric substrate as claimed in claim 13 wherein the warp crimp is at least five times greater than the fill crimp.",
    "15. The protective fabric substrate as claimed in claim 13 wherein the fill yarn denier is at least 1.5 times greater than the warp yarn denier.",
    "16. The protective fabric substrate of claim 13 wherein the warp yarns per inch is greater than the fill yarns per inch.",
    "17. The protective fabric substrate of claim 16 wherein the warp yarns per inch is at least 1.5 times the fill yarns per inch.",
    "18. The protective fabric substrate as claimed in claim 13 further including a repeatedly interrupted coating of epoxy resin material providing flexure points to the fabric substrate at the areas of interruption.",
    "19. A method for making a protective fabric substrate comprising the steps: providing a fabric substrate suitable for coating with an epoxy resin, said fabric substrate comprising a plurality of warp yarns densely interwoven with a plurality of fill yarns wherein the denier of the fill yarn is equal or greater than the denier of the warp yarn, at least one of said warp and fill yarns comprise staple fiber and at least one of warp and fill directions has greater than 70 ends per inch. applying a resist material on the fabric substrate in a pattern of streets dividing the surface of the fabric substrate into islands, coating the fabric substrate with epoxy resin, and removing the resist material."
  ],
  "description_excerpt": "1. Field of the Invention\n\nThe invention relates to a protective fabric having a high resistance to penetration by instruments such as ice picks and the like and to vestments made from such fabric.\n\n2. Description of Related Art\n\nProtective clothing is used in a multiplicity of applications to protect the wearer against harm from a variety of objects such as knives, picks, bullets, and the like.\n\nProtective clothing of the type worn by prison guards, among others, must be capable of withstanding assault by a variety of instruments. Typically, they are judged by their resistance to ballistic penetration (e.g., by 0.357 magnum and 9 mm ammunition); dagger cutting; penetration by single and double-edged knives; and puncture by both blunt (e.g., 3:1 ratio of tip diameter to shaft diameter) and sharp (e.g., 12:1 ratio of tip diameter to shaft diameter) instruments such as ice picks and the like. Of these measures of performance, one of the most difficult to achieve is resistance to puncture, particularly by sharp instruments.\n\nVaried approaches have heretofore been utilized to provide the requisite protection. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,185,195 teaches the use of a number of layers of faibric secured together by closely spaced rows of stitching. Overlapping ceramic disks are also optionally incorporated into the vestment.\n\nU.S. Pat. No. 4,737,401 teaches formation of a ballistic resistant fabric from high molecular weight fibers of polyolefin, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyacrylonitrile materials. The fibers may additionally be coated. U.S. Pat. No.",
  "cpc": [
    "D03D 1/0041",
    "D03D 1/00",
    "D03D 1/0052",
    "D03D 15/283",
    "D03D 15/41",
    "D03D 3/00",
    "D10B 2201/02",
    "D10B 2211/02",
    "D10B 2321/021",
    "D10B 2331/021",
    "D10B 2331/04",
    "D10B 2401/062",
    "D10B 2401/063",
    "D10B 2501/04",
    "D10B 2501/041",
    "Y10S 428/902",
    "Y10S 428/911",
    "Y10T 442/3065",
    "Y10T 442/322",
    "Y10T 442/3585"
  ],
  "ipc": [
    "D03D 1/00",
    "D03D 15/00",
    "D03D 3/00"
  ],
  "assignees": [
    "Warwick Mills Inc"
  ],
  "inventors": [
    "Charles A. Howland"
  ],
  "filing_date": "1999-04-09",
  "publication_date": "2004-04-13",
  "grant_date": "2004-04-13",
  "priority_date": "1994-08-29",
  "application_number": "US-28920899-A",
  "family_id": "32045775",
  "cited_by_count": 28,
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}