Carbon dioxide sequestration involving two-salt-based thermolytic processes

{
  "publication_number": "US9359221B2",
  "country": "US",
  "kind": "B2",
  "title": "Carbon dioxide sequestration involving two-salt-based thermolytic processes",
  "abstract": "The present invention relates to an energy efficient carbon dioxide sequestration processes whereby Group 2 silicate minerals and CO 2 are converted into limestone and sand using a two-salt thermolytic process that allows for the cycling of heat and chemicals from one step to another.",
  "claims": [
    "1. A method of sequestering carbon dioxide produced by a source, comprising: (a) heating a first halide or hydrate thereof with water to form a first hydroxide, oxide and/or hydroxychloride and HCl, and removing the HCl; (b) admixing some or all of the first hydroxide, oxide, and/or hydroxychloride with a second halide or hydrate thereof and carbon dioxide to form a first halide or hydrate thereof, a carbonate salt, and water; and (c) separating some or all of the carbonate salt from step b, whereby the carbon dioxide is sequestered into a mineral product form.",
    "2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first halide, or hydrate thereof of step (a) is a first chloride.",
    "3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first halide or hydrate thereof of step (b) is a first chloride or hydrate thereof.",
    "4. The method of claim 2, wherein the first chloride or hydrate thereof of step (a) is MgCl 2.",
    "5. The method of claim 4, wherein the first chloride or hydrate thereof of step (a) is a hydrated form of MgCl 2.",
    "6. The method of claim 5, wherein the first chloride or hydrate thereof of step (a) is MgCl 2.6H 2 O.",
    "7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first hydroxide of step (a) is Mg(OH) 2.",
    "8. The method according to claim 2, wherein the first hydroxychloride of step (a) is Mg(OH)Cl.",
    "9. The method of claim 8, wherein the first step (a) product comprises predominantly Mg(OH)Cl.",
    "10. The method of claim 8, wherein the first step (a) product comprises greater than 90% by weight Mg(OH)Cl.",
    "11. The method of claim 8, wherein the first step (a) product is Mg(OH)Cl.",
    "12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first oxide of step (a) is MgO.",
    "13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second halide or hydrate thereof of step (b) is a second chloride or hydrate thereof.",
    "14. The method of claim 13, wherein the second chloride or hydrate thereof is CaCl 2.",
    "15. The method according to claim 3, wherein the first chloride of step (b) is MgCl 2.",
    "16. The method of claim 15, wherein the first chloride of step (b) is a hydrated form of MgCl 2.",
    "17. The method of claim 15, wherein the first chloride of step (b) is MgCl 2.6H 2 O.",
    "18. The method according to claim 1, where some or all of the water in step (a) is present in the form of steam or supercritical water.",
    "19. The method according to claim 1, where some or all of the water of step (a) is obtained from the water of step (b).",
    "20. The method according to claim 1, wherein step (b) further comprises admixing sodium hydroxide.",
    "21. A method of claim 1, further comprising: (d) admixing a Group 2 silicate mineral with HCl to form a Group 2 chloride, water, and silicon dioxide.",
    "22. The method of claim 21, where some or all of the HCl in step (d) is obtained from step (a).",
    "23. The method of claim 21, wherein the HCl of step (d) further comprises agitating the Group 2 silicate mineral with HCl.",
    "24. The method according to claim 21, wherein some or all of the heat generated in step (d) is recovered.",
    "25. The method according to claim 21, where some or all of the second chloride of step (b) is the Group 2 chloride of step (d).",
    "26. The method according to claim 21, further comprising a separation step, wherein the silicon dioxide is removed from the Group 2 chloride formed in step (d).",
    "27. The method according to claim 21, where some or all of the water of step (a) is obtained from the water of step (d).",
    "28. The method according to claim 21, wherein the Group 2 silicate mineral of step (d) comprises a Group 2 inosilicate.",
    "29. The method according to claim 21, wherein the Group 2 silicate mineral of step (d) comprises CaSiO 3.",
    "30. The method according to claim 21, wherein the Group 2 silicate mineral of step (d) comprises MgSiO 3.",
    "31. The method according to claim 21, wherein the Group 2 silicate mineral of step (d) comprises olivine (Mg 2 [SiO 4]).",
    "32. The method according to claim 21, wherein the Group 2 silicate mineral of step (d) comprises serpentine (Mg 6 [OH] 8 [Si 4 O 10]).",
    "33. The method according to claim 21, wherein the Group 2 silicate mineral of step (d) comprises sepiolite (Mg 4 [(OH) 2 Si 6 O 15].6H 2 O), enstatite (Mg 2 [Si 2 O 6]), diopside (CaMg[Si 2 O 6]), and/or tremolite Ca 2 Mg 5 {[OH]Si 4 O 11 } 2.",
    "34. The method according to claim 21, wherein the Group 2 silicate further comprises iron and or manganese silicates.",
    "35. The method of claim 34, wherein the iron silicate is fayalite (Fe 2 [SiO 4]).",
    "36. The method according to claim 3, wherein some or all of the first chloride formed in step (b) is the first chloride used in step (a).",
    "37. The method according to claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide is in the form of flue gas, wherein the flue gas further comprises N 2 and H 2 O.",
    "38. The method according to claim 1, wherein suitable reacting conditions of step (a) comprise a temperature from about 200° C. to about 500° C.",
    "39. The method of claim 38, wherein the temperature is from about 230° C. to about 260° C.",
    "40. The method of claim 38, wherein the temperature is about 250° C.",
    "41. The method of claim 38, wherein the temperature is from about 200° C. to about 250° C.",
    "42. The method of claim 38, wherein the temperature is about 240° C.",
    "43. The method according to claim 1, wherein suitable reacting conditions of step (a) comprise a temperature from about 50° C. to about 200° C.",
    "44. The method of claim 43, wherein the temperature is from about 90° C. to about 260° C.",
    "45. The method of claim 44, wherein the temperature is from about 90° C. to about 230° C.",
    "46. The method of claim 45, wherein the temperature is about 130° C.",
    "47. The method according to claim 1, wherein suitable reacting conditions of step (a) comprise a temperature from about 400° C. to about 550° C.",
    "48. The method of claim 47, wherein the temperature is from about 450° C. to about 500° C.",
    "49. The method according to claim 1, wherein suitable reacting conditions of step (b) comprise a temperature from about 20° C. to about 100° C.",
    "50. The method of claim 49, wherein the temperature is from about 25° C. to about 95° C.",
    "51. The method according to claim 21, wherein suitable reacting conditions of step (d) comprise a temperature from about 50° C. to about 200° C.",
    "52. The method of claim 51, wherein the temperature is from about 90° C. to about 150° C."
  ],
  "description_excerpt": "The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. Nos. 61/362,607, filed Jul. 8, 2010, 61/370,030, filed Aug. 2, 2010, 61/406,536, filed Oct. 25, 2010, and 61/451,078, filed Mar. 9, 2011, the entire contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.\n\nI. Field of the Invention\n\nThe present invention generally relates to the field of removing carbon dioxide from a source, such as the waste stream (e.g. flue gas) of a power plant, whereby Group 2 silicate minerals are converted into Group 2 chloride salts and SiO 2, Group 2 chloride salts are converted into Group 2 hydroxide and/or Group 2 hydroxychloride salts. These in turn may be reacted with carbon dioxide to form Group 2 carbonate salts, optionally in the presence of catalysts. These steps may be combined to form a cycle in which carbon dioxide is sequestered in the form of carbonate salts and byproducts from one or more steps, such as heat and chemicals, are re-used or recycled in one or more other steps.\n\nII. Description of Related Art\n\nConsiderable domestic and international concern has been increasingly focused on the emission of CO 2 into the air. In particular, attention has been focused on the effect of this gas on the retention of solar heat in the atmosphere, producing the “greenhouse effect.” Despite some debate regarding the magnitude of the effect, all would agree there is a benefit to removing CO 2 (and other chemicals) from point-emission sources, especially if the cost for doing so were sufficiently small.",
  "cpc": [
    "C01F 11/18",
    "B01D 2251/402",
    "B01D 2251/404",
    "B01D 2257/504",
    "B01D 2258/0283",
    "B01D 53/00",
    "B01D 53/62",
    "B01D 53/81",
    "C01B 31/24",
    "C01B 32/60",
    "C01F 5/24",
    "Y02C 10/04",
    "Y02C 20/40",
    "Y02E 20/32",
    "Y02P 20/121",
    "Y02P 20/151",
    "Y02P 20/152"
  ],
  "ipc": [
    "B01D 53/62",
    "C01B 32/50",
    "C01B 32/60",
    "C01F 11/18",
    "C01F 5/24"
  ],
  "assignees": [
    "Skyonic Corp"
  ],
  "inventors": [
    "Joe David Jones",
    "Al Yablonsky"
  ],
  "filing_date": "2011-07-08",
  "publication_date": "2016-06-07",
  "grant_date": "2016-06-07",
  "priority_date": "2010-07-08",
  "application_number": "US-201113179305-A",
  "family_id": "45441855",
  "cited_by_count": 21,
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