Method to join dissimilar materials by the cold spray process

{
  "publication_number": "US10501827B2",
  "country": "US",
  "kind": "B2",
  "title": "Method to join dissimilar materials by the cold spray process",
  "abstract": "A process for joining dissimilar materials. The process includes providing a first component made from a first material and a second component made from a second material. The process also includes cold spraying a bead of the second material onto the first component and joining the second component to the bead on the first component such that a weldment is formed from the first component and the second component. In some instances, joining of the second component to the bead on the first component is performed by fusion welding the bead and the second component together.",
  "claims": [
    "1. A process for joining dissimilar materials comprising: providing a first component made from a first material and a second component made from a second material, the first material and the second material being dissimilar materials; wherein the first material is magnesium or a magnesium alloy and the second material is aluminum or an aluminum alloy; degassing the particles of the second material under high vacuum conditions of from 10 −4 to 10 −6 torr and heating the particles of the second material between 260 and 400° C.; annealing particles of the second material in a reducing atmosphere prior to cold spraying the particles; cold spraying the annealed particles of the second material to form a bead of the second material onto the first component wherein the bead has an adhesion strength to the first component and/or the second component that is greater than an ultimate tensile strength of the first component and/or the second component individually or in combination; and joining the second component to the bead on the first component and forming a weldment of the first component and the second component at a temperature below the melting temperatures of both the first material and the second material.",
    "2. The process of claim 1, wherein the particles are aluminum or an aluminum alloy.",
    "3. The process of claim 2, wherein the particles are ellipsoid shaped.",
    "4. The process of claim 1, wherein joining the second component to the bead on the first component is by fusion welding the bead and the second component together.",
    "5. The process of claim 4, wherein the weldment is a butt joint between the first component and the second component.",
    "6. The process of claim 4, wherein the weldment is a lap joint between the first component and the second component.",
    "7. The process of claim 1, wherein joining the second component to the bead on the first component is by cold spraying another bead between the bead and the second component.",
    "8. The process of claim 7, wherein the weldment is a butt joint between the first component and the second component.",
    "9. The process of claim 7, wherein the weldment is a lap joint between the first component and the second component.",
    "10. The process of claim 1, wherein joining the second component to the bead on the first component further comprises brazing the bead and the second component together.",
    "11. The process of claim 10, wherein the weldment is a butt joint between the first component and the second component.",
    "12. The process of claim 10, wherein the weldment is a lap joint between the first component and the second component.",
    "13. The process of claim 1, wherein the bead between the first component and the second component is in a compressive stress state.",
    "14. The process of claim 1, wherein the cold spraying is performed using a hand held and hand maneuvered nozzle.",
    "15. The process of claim 1, wherein the cold spraying is performed using a robotic held and maneuvered nozzle.",
    "16. The process of claim 1, wherein an interface between the bead and the first component is void of a heat affected zone.",
    "17. The process of claim 1, wherein an interface between the bead and the first component is void of an intermetallic layer."
  ],
  "description_excerpt": "The present invention relates to a process for joining dissimilar materials, and in particular to a process for joining dissimilar materials using cold spraying.\n\nJoining of materials using a welding process is known. In addition, joining of dissimilar materials is also known. However, heretofore known processes for joining dissimilar materials, e.g. diffusion bonding, explosive bonding, friction welding, etc., have required costly fixtures and/or equipment to produce a suitable joint between the materials. In addition, conventional welding processes for joining dissimilar materials typically result in less than desirable joints due to interdiffusion between the dissimilar materials, excessive heat and/or melting occurring in at least one of the materials, brittle intermetallics and/or porosity at the interface between the dissimilar materials being joined, and the like. Therefore, an improved joining process for joining dissimilar materials would be desirable.\n\nA process for joining dissimilar materials is provided. The process includes providing a first component made from a first material and a second component made from a second material. It is appreciated that the first material and the second material are dissimilar materials. For the purposes of the present invention, the term “dissimilar materials” refers to at least two materials that when joined by a conventional welding technique such as shielded metal arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding, gas metal arc welding, and the like produces weld joints that have an unacceptable strength and/or ductility.",
  "cpc": [
    "C22C 21/08",
    "B23K 2103/02",
    "B23K 2103/10",
    "B23K 2103/12",
    "B23K 2103/14",
    "B23K 2103/15",
    "B23K 2103/18",
    "B23K 2103/20",
    "B23K 2103/42",
    "B23K 2103/52",
    "B23K 28/02",
    "B23K 35/36",
    "C04B 37/026",
    "C22C 23/04"
  ],
  "ipc": [
    "B23K 20/12",
    "B23K 20/22",
    "B23K 20/227",
    "B23K 20/233",
    "B23K 31/02",
    "C22C 21/08",
    "C22C 23/04",
    "B23K 28/02",
    "B23K 31/00",
    "B23K 35/36",
    "C04B 37/02"
  ],
  "assignees": [
    "United States Department of the Army"
  ],
  "inventors": [
    "Victor K. Champagne, Jr.",
    "Victor K. Champagne, III"
  ],
  "filing_date": "2014-09-29",
  "publication_date": "2019-12-10",
  "grant_date": "2019-12-10",
  "priority_date": "2014-09-29",
  "application_number": "US-201414499282-A",
  "family_id": "55583488",
  "cited_by_count": 8,
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