Photosensitive hybrid vesicles and the fabrication methods and applications thereof

{
  "publication_number": "US2026102497A1",
  "country": "US",
  "kind": "A1",
  "title": "Photosensitive hybrid vesicles and the fabrication methods and applications thereof",
  "abstract": "A photosensitive hybrid vesicle is provided, including a photosensitizer-loaded liposome fused with a γδ-T exosome via a membrane fusion process. The resulting hybrid vesicle integrates the structural and functional characteristics of both components, retaining functional surface proteins and cytolytic molecules derived from the γδ-T exosome while incorporating the photosensitizer from the liposome. Upon exposure to light, the hybrid vesicle generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) for enhanced therapeutic activity, enabling combined exosome-mediated cytolytic effects and photosensitizer-mediated photodynamic therapy in a single nanoscale delivery system.",
  "claims": [
    "1. A photosensitive hybrid vesicle, comprising a photosensitizer-loaded liposome; and a γδ-T exosome; wherein the γδ-T exosome and the photosensitizer-loaded liposome are fused together via membrane fusion. 2. The photosensitive hybrid vesicle of claim 1, wherein the photosensitive hybrid vesicle comprises a lipid bilayer structure. 3. The photosensitive hybrid vesicle of claim 1, wherein the photosensitive hybrid vesicle retains functional surface proteins and cytolytic molecules from the γδ-T exosome and incorporates the photosensitizer from the photosensitizer-loaded liposome for generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon light irradiation. 4. The photosensitive hybrid vesicle of claim 3, wherein the cytolytic molecules comprise granzyme A, granzyme B, perforin and granulysin; and the functional surface proteins comprise PD-1 and CCR5. 5. The photosensitive hybrid vesicle of claim 1, further comprising a therapeutic agent comprises a chemotherapeutic agent, a monoclonal antibody, an immune checkpoint inhibitor, an immunomodulatory cytokine, an siRNA or miRNA, a gene-editing cargo, a radiotherapeutic agent, a targeted small-molecule inhibitor, and an oncolytic virus. 6. The photosensitive hybrid vesicle of claim 1, wherein the photosensitizer comprises chlorin e6 (Ce6), a porphyrin, phthalocyanine, a bacteriochlorin derivative, or a combination thereof. 7. The photosensitive hybrid vesicle of claim 1, wherein the vesicle is formulated to deliver hydrophobic drugs, hydrophilic drugs, or both simultaneously. 8. The photosensitive hybrid vesicle of claim 1, wherein the membrane fusion is achieved by a freeze-thaw process, polyethylene glycol-mediated fusion, natural incubation, or extrusion-based fusion. 9. The photosensitive hybrid vesicle of claim 1, wherein the vesicle exhibits an average particle size between 50 nm and 300 nm and maintains structural stability under physiological conditions for at least 48 hours. 10. The photosensitive hybrid vesicle of claim 1, wherein the vesicle further comprises targeting ligands or peptides to enhance tissue or tumor specificity. 11. The photosensitive hybrid vesicle of claim 1, wherein the vesicle further comprises one or more targeting ligands selected from antibodies, antibody fragments, peptides, aptamers, or small molecules that specifically bind to a tumor-associated antigen or receptor. 12. A pharmaceutical composition, comprising the photosensitive hybrid vesicle of claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable addition. 13. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 12, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable addition comprises one or more of an excipient, a stability additive, a carrier, a diluent, or a solubilizer. 14. A method of treating a cancer in a subject, comprising: administering a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition of claim 12 to the subject; and exposing a tumor tissue area of the subject to light of a wavelength to activate the photosensitive hybrid vesicle. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the cancer comprises melanoma, retinoblastoma, colon cancer, breast cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, and any solid tumor. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the wavelength is between 630 nm and 680 nm. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is administered intravenously, intratumorally, or topically. 18. A method of manufacturing the photosensitive hybrid vesicle of claim 1, comprising: preparing a photosensitizer-loaded liposome; isolating a γδ-T exosome from γδ-T cells; fusing the photosensitizer-loaded liposome and the γδ-T exosome via a membrane fusion technique; and obtaining a photosensitive hybrid vesicle; wherein the photosensitive hybrid vesicle retains functional surface proteins and cytolytic molecules from the γδ-T exosome and incorporates the photosensitizer from the photosensitizer-loaded liposome for generating ROS upon light irradiation. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the cytolytic molecules comprise granzyme A, granzyme B, perforin and granulysin; and the functional surface proteins comprise PD-1 and CCR5."
  ],
  "cpc": [
    "A61K 41/0071",
    "A61K 31/7105",
    "A61K 35/768",
    "A61K 9/127",
    "A61K 9/1277",
    "A61N 2005/0663",
    "A61N 5/062"
  ],
  "filing_date": "2025-10-02",
  "publication_date": "2026-04-16",
  "application_number": "US-202519348753-A"
}