Method of fabricating a liquid crystal display

{
  "publication_number": "US3978580A",
  "country": "US",
  "kind": "A",
  "title": "Method of fabricating a liquid crystal display",
  "abstract": "In forming the back panel of a liquid crystal display, layers of an insulating material and aluminum are successively deposited on the surface of a semiconducting substrate having an array of electrodes thereon. Openings are then formed through the insulating material and the aluminum layer to expose the electrodes, thereby defining a spacer lattice which is integral with the substrate and whose walls are of a uniform height which corresponds to the desired spacing between the front and back panels of the liquid crystal display.",
  "claims": [
    "1. A method of fabricating a liquid crystal display having a backplate with electrodes and integrated spacers comprising the steps of: a. forming an array of reflective electrodes in spaced apart columns and rows on a surface on a substrate, b. forming a coating on said surface and over said electrodes by the steps which include, i. depositing an insulating layer on said substrate surface and extending over said electrodes, and ii. depositing a second layer over said first layer, c. forming a lattice of said coating, comprised of spaced apart walls of uniform height extending at their bases over the edges of said electrodes, by removing those portions of said coating which overlie said electrodes out to, but not including, said edges, said lattice having a plurality of interstices aligned with said electrodes, d. placing liquid crystal material into said interstices so as to cover said electrodes, and e. securing a transparent front plate to said lattice, whereby said lattice maintains uniform spacing between said backplate and said front plate.",
    "2. The method of claim 1 characterized further in that said insulating layer is a doped oxide and said second layer is aluminum.",
    "3. A method of fabricating a liquid crystal display having a backplate with electrodes and integrated spacers comprising the steps of: a. forming a plurality of electrodes on a surface of a substrate, b. forming a layer on said substrate and over said electrodes, at least the base of said layer being an insulating material, and c. converting said layer into a plurality of spaced apart walls of equal height extending at their bases over the edges of said electrodes by removing those portions of said layer which overlie said electrodes out to, but not including, said edges, said walls defining a plurality of interstices aligned with said electrodes, d. placing liquid crystal material into said interstices so as to cover said electrodes, and e. securing a transparent front plate to said spaced apart walls, whereby said walls maintain uniform spacing between said backplate and said front plate."
  ],
  "cpc": [
    "G02F 1/1343",
    "G02F 1/13392",
    "G02F 1/13394",
    "G02F 1/13439",
    "Y10T 29/49226"
  ],
  "assignees": [
    "HUGHES AIRCRAFT CO"
  ],
  "filing_date": "1974-09-27",
  "publication_date": "1976-09-07",
  "grant_date": "1976-09-07",
  "priority_date": "1973-06-28",
  "application_number": "US-50975474-A",
  "family_id": "27006606",
  "citations": [
    "US3623961A",
    "US3679941A",
    "US3769108A",
    "US3783056A",
    "US3800412A",
    "US3832230A",
    "US3909930A",
    "US3936930A",
    "US3938242A",
    "US3939556A"
  ]
}