Particulate coal-in-liquid mixture and process for the production thereof

{
  "publication_number": "US4394132A",
  "country": "US",
  "kind": "A",
  "title": "Particulate coal-in-liquid mixture and process for the production thereof",
  "abstract": "Improved particulate coal-in-liquid mixtures and a process for the production thereof wherein, prior to mixing with liquid, the coal component of the mixture is finally divided in a substantially airtight fluid energy attrition mill, and thereafter separated from ash particles. The particulate coal product thus produced is mixed with a suitable liquid to provide a product which may be used in coal gasification or hydrogenation processes, or as a composite fuel, and which can be stored for extended periods without appreciable settling out of the coal from the mixture.",
  "claims": [
    "1. An improved process for producing a particulate coal-in-liquid mixture comprising: a. grinding raw coal to a particle size of less than about 40 microns in a substantially air-free environment using a gaseous carrier medium to form a hydrophobic coal-fraction and a hydrophilic ash-fraction; b. contacting said fractions with an aqueous liquid whereby the particles constituting the ash fraction are wetted, but the particles constituting the coal fraction are left substantially dry; c. separating the ash particles from the coal particles; and d. mixing the coal particles with liquid.",
    "2. The process of claim 1, wherein the liquid is a hydrocarbon.",
    "3. The process of claim 1, wherein the liquid is a hydrocarbon derivative.",
    "4. The process of claim 1, wherein the liquid is a hydrogen donor solvent.",
    "5. The process of claim 4, wherein the hydrogen donor solvent is a product of coal pyrolysis or hydrogenation.",
    "6. The process of claim 4, wherein the hydrogen donor solvent is an aromatic petroleum oil.",
    "7. The process of claim 4, wherein the hydrogen donor solvent is an aromatic or polynuclear aromatic substance.",
    "8. The process of claim 1, wherein the liquid is an oil.",
    "9. The process of claim 8, wherein the oil is a residual fuel oil.",
    "10. The process of claim 8, wherein the oil is a distillate fuel oil.",
    "11. The process of claim 1, wherein the liquid comprises water and a surfactant or a mixture of surfactants.",
    "12. An improved process for producing a particulate coal-in-liquid mixture comprising: a. deaerating raw coal; b. grinding said coal to a particle size of less than about 40 microns in a substantially air free environment to form a hydrophobic coal-fraction and a hydrophilic ash-fraction; c. contacting said fractions with an aqueous liquid whereby the particles constituting the ash-fraction are wetted but the particles constituting the coal fraction are left substantially dry; d. separating the ash particles from the coal particles; and e. mixing the coal particles with liquid.",
    "13. The process of claim 12, wherein the liquid is a hydrocarbon.",
    "14. The process of claim 12, wherein the liquid is a hydrocarbon derivative.",
    "15. The process of claim 12, wherein the liquid is a hydrogen donor solvent.",
    "16. The process of claim 15, wherein the hydrogen donor solvent is a product of coal pyrolysis or hydrogenation.",
    "17. The process of claim 15, wherein the hydrogen donor solvent is an aromatic petroleum oil.",
    "18. The process of claim 15, wherein the hydrogen donor solvent is an aromatic or polynuclear aromatic substance.",
    "19. The process of claim 12, wherein the liquid is an oil.",
    "20. The process of claim 19, wherein the oil is a residual fuel oil.",
    "21. The process of claim 19, wherein the oil is a distillate fuel oil.",
    "22. The process of claim 12, wherein the liquid comprises water and a surfactant or a mixture of surfactants.",
    "23. An improved process for producing a particulate coal-in-liquid mixture comprising: a. heating raw coal to reduce the moisture content thereof; b. deaerating the coal; c. grinding said coal to a particle size of less than about 40 microns in a substantially air free environment to form a hydrophobic coal-fraction and a hydrophilic ash-fraction; d. contacting said fractions with an aqueous liquid whereby the particles constituting the ash-fraction are wetted but the particles constituting the coal-fraction are left substantially dry; e. separating the ash particles from the coal particles; and f. mixing the coal particles with liquid.",
    "24. The process of claim 23, wherein the liquid is a hydrocarbon.",
    "25. The process of claim 23, wherein the liquid is a hydrocarbon derivative.",
    "26. The process of claim 23, wherein the liquid is a hydrogen donor solvent.",
    "27. The process of claim 26, wherein the hydrogen donor solvent is a product of coal pyrolysis or hydrogenation.",
    "28. The process of claim 26, wherein the hydrogen donor solvent is an aromatic petroleum oil.",
    "29. The process of claim 26, wherein the hydrogen donor solvent is an aromatic or polynuclear aromatic substance.",
    "30. The process of claim 23, wherein the liquid is an oil.",
    "31. The process of claim 30, wherein the oil is a residual fuel oil.",
    "32. The process of claim 30, wherein the oil is a distillate fuel oil.",
    "33. The process of claim 23, wherein the liquid comprises water and a surfactant or a mixture of surfactants.",
    "34. The process according to claims 1, 12, or 23 wherein said separating step is carried out in a separation vessel having an inlet, a discharge, and wall means disposed between said inlet and said discharge defining a separation zone, said separation zone being surrounded at its outer periphery by an aqueous separation medium, and said separating step comprises subjecting said fractions to centrifugal force in said separation zone, collecting a substantial portion of the ash-fraction in said aqueous medium, and exhausting the coal-fraction from the interior of said separation zone through said discharge.",
    "35. The process according to claim 23 wherein heating and deaerating of the coal are carried out simultaneously.",
    "36. The process according to claims 1, 12, 23, or 35 wherein the steps of said process are carried out continuously.",
    "37. The product produced according to the process of any one of claims 1 through 33.",
    "38. A stable particulate coal-in-liquid mixture wherein the coal particles have a particle size of less than 40 microns and are hydrophobic without the presence of a stabilizing agent in said mixture, said mixture having a ash content of less than about 5% of its total weight, and the ratio of ash to coal in said mixture being less than the ratio of ash to coal in the raw coal from which said mixture is produced.",
    "39. The product of claim 38, wherein the liquid is a hydrocarbon.",
    "40. The product of claim 38, wherein the liquid is a hydrocarbon derivative.",
    "41. The product of claim 38, wherein the liquid is a hydrogen donor solvent.",
    "42. The product of claim 41, wherein the hydrogen donor solvent is a product of coal pyrolysis of hydrogenation.",
    "43. The product of claim 41, wherein the hydrogen donor solvent is an aromatic petroleum oil.",
    "44. The product of claim 41, wherein the hydrogen donor solvent is an aromatic or polynuclear aromatic substance.",
    "45. The product of claim 38, wherein the liquid is an oil.",
    "46. The product of claim 45, wherein the liquid is a residual fuel oil.",
    "47. The product of claim 45, wherein the oil is a distillate fuel oil.",
    "48. The product of claim 38, wherein the liquid comprises water and a surfactant or a mixture of surfactants.",
    "49. The particulate coal-in-liquid mixture of claim 38 wherein said coal particles are rendered hydrophobic as a result of being produced by grinding raw coal in a substantially air-free environment."
  ],
  "cpc": [
    "C10L 1/322",
    "C10L 1/326"
  ],
  "assignees": [
    "ERGON INC"
  ],
  "filing_date": "1980-05-19",
  "publication_date": "1983-07-19",
  "grant_date": "1983-07-19",
  "priority_date": "1980-05-19",
  "application_number": "US-15135880-A",
  "family_id": "22538399",
  "citations": [
    "FR2261330B1",
    "GB1523193A",
    "US1390231A",
    "US1420165A",
    "US1529706A",
    "US1939587A",
    "US2162200A",
    "US4138226A",
    "US4288231A"
  ]
}