Enhanced safety device for an electrical appliance

{
  "publication_number": "US4967308A",
  "country": "US",
  "kind": "A",
  "title": "Enhanced safety device for an electrical appliance",
  "abstract": "A safety device adapted for use in a hand held tool for minimizing electrical shock to a user includes a ground plane disposed inside the electrical tool, which, should the tool become immersed in water or become unreasonaly wet, provides a path for electrical current, which energizes a solenoid which, in turn, interrupts the AC power supply. The safety device is preferably encased in a variety of module. The safety device contains a power supply, such as a battery and/or electret, that is independent of the AC power supply. Thus, the safety device can be tripped even if the tool is not turned on.",
  "claims": [
    "1. A safety device adapted for use in an electrical appliance having an AC poer supply connected to a load by a first electrical path, comprising: ground plane means disposed within said electrical device for providing a second electrical path; electrical storage means for providing current through said ground plane means whenever said first electrical path is electrically connected to said ground plane means; current interruption means, disposed within said electrical device and responsive to said current provided by said electrical storage means, for electrically disconnecting the AC power supply from the first electrical path; and power supply means for providing a source of operating potential to said current interruption means, said first power supply means being independent of the AC power supply, wherein said current interruption means can disconnect the AC power supply from the load before the AC power supply is connected to the load.",
    "2. A device according to claim 1, wherein said current interruption means includes a solenoid, mechanical interlock means actuated by said solenoid for disconnecting the AC power supply from the load, and electrical connecting means responsive to the current in said ground plane means for electrically connecting said power supply means to said solenoid to energize said solenoid and thereby cause said mechanical interlock means to disconnect the AC power supply from the load.",
    "3. A device according to claim 2, wherein said power supply means includes a first electrical storage means for energizing said solenoid, and a second electrical storage means for providing a current on said ground plane means that actuates said gating means.",
    "4. A device according to claim 5, wherein said first electrical storage means is an electret capacitor.",
    "5. A device according to claim 4, further comprising energizing means for energizing said solenoid while the appliance is operative.",
    "6. A device according to claim 5, wherein said energizing means includes rectifier means connected in parallel with said first electrical storage means and operated by the AC power supply for providing a source of operating potential to said solenoid.",
    "7. A device according to claim 3, wherein said second electrical storage means is an electret.",
    "8. A device according to claim 3, wherein said second electrical storage means is a lithium battery.",
    "9. A device according to claim 3, wherein said electrical connecting means is a field effect transistor having its gate terminal connected to said second electrical storage means, and its drain-source path connected in series with said first electrical storage means and said solenoid.",
    "10. A device according to claim 3, wherein said electrical connecting means is a bipolar transistor having its base terminal connected to said second electrical storage means, and its collector-emitter path connected in series with said first electrical storage means and said solenoid.",
    "11. A device according to claim 10, further including module means for disposably mounting said current interruption means, said electrical storage means and said power supply means within the electrical appliance such that said current interruption means, said electrical storage means and said power supply means can be inserted into the electrical appliance and withdrawn therefrom, said module means including second electrical connecting means for connecting said current interruption means and said electrical storage means to the first electrical path and said ground plane means, respectively.",
    "12. A device according to claim 11, wherein said module means is hermetically sealed within said appliance."
  ],
  "description_excerpt": "This application is a continuation-in-part of \"Improved Safety Device For an Electrical Appliance\" given Ser. No. 07/310,225, filed Feb. 13, 1989, and is co-pending therewith.\n\nThis invention relates, generally, to applicances and, more particularly, to applicances such as electric hair dryers, curling irons, kitchen appliances and the like which include a means for disconnecting the electrical current therein should the device become saturated with water or for any other reason where a shock hazard exits.\n\nThe usage of consumuer appliances in present day households is increasing. There are many types of devices, particularly hand-held types, which generally fall into three categories: health and beauty, kitchen and electric hand tools. Health and beauty hand-held electrical devices generally include electric hair dryers, curling irons, electric razors; kitchen devices are generally mixers, blenders, coffee makers, etc.; while hand-held electric tools generally include drills, hedge-clippers, hand-held saws and the like.\n\nThe reasons for the proliferation of these devices is quite simple. They are generally inexpensive to purchase, while being convenient and well adapted to their individual purpose. However, use of these devices produces a distinct danger, particularly when used around water, or even steel wool pads. This danger is in the form of electrocution. Frequency of electrocution as a result of these types of devices, particularly hand-held electric hair dryers, is increasing.",
  "cpc": [
    "H02H 5/083"
  ],
  "ipc": [
    "H02H 5/08"
  ],
  "inventors": [
    "Milton Morse"
  ],
  "filing_date": "1989-05-22",
  "publication_date": "1990-10-30",
  "grant_date": "1990-10-30",
  "priority_date": "1989-02-13",
  "application_number": "US-35519589-A",
  "family_id": "26977287",
  "cited_by_count": 63,
  "citations": [
    "US4270158A",
    "US4464582A",
    "US4709293A",
    "US4734822A",
    "US4751603A",
    "US4797772A",
    "US4791519A",
    "US4823225A"
  ]
}