Differential photopolymerization process used for filling a dental cavity and a tool intended for its implementation

{
  "publication_number": "US5007837A",
  "country": "US",
  "kind": "A",
  "title": "Differential photopolymerization process used for filling a dental cavity and a tool intended for its implementation",
  "abstract": "The invention relates to a process for filling a cavity within a tooth or mold, and also to a tool intended for the implementation of the process. The process, which is of the type in which a photosensitive resin intended to be solidified by means of photopolymerization is deposited within the cavity (3), is remarkable according to the invention in that a layer (8) of a first resin which is photosensitive at a first level of luminous radiation is deposited upon the walls (5, 6) of the cavity (3); a mass (10) of a second resin which is photosensitive at a second level of luminous radiation is deposited upon the layer (8), effectively filling the rest of the cavity (3); hardening is performed by means of the photopolymerization of the mass (10) by exposure to the second level of luminous radiation transmitted by means of a pellet (27) immersed within the mass (10); and, after hardening of the mass (10), the hardening of the layer (8) of photosensitive resin is performed by means of exposure to the first level of luminous radiation, using the pellet (27). Applications: dental treatment and care, and precision molding and casting.",
  "claims": [
    "1. A process of filling a cavity with photosensitive resin materials which are capable of being solidified by means of photopolymerization, comprising the steps of: depositing a layer of a first resin material, which is photosensitive at a first predetermined level of luminous radiation, upon the walls of said cavity; subsequently depositing a mass of a second resin material, which is photosensitive at a second predetermined level of luminous radiation which is different than said first predetermined level of luminous radiation, upon said layer of said first resin material; subsequently exposing said first and second resin materials to said luminous radiation at said second predetermined level so as to harden only said second resin material by photopolymerization; and subsequently exposing said first and second resin materials to said luminous radiation at said first predetermined level so as to harden said first resin material by photopolymerization.",
    "2. The process as set forth in claim 1, wherein: said first and second levels of luminous radiation are applied to said first and second resin materials by means of a luminous radiation transmitter which is partially embedded within said second resin material.",
    "3. The process as set forth in claim 1, wherein: prior to said deposition of said first resin material upon said walls of said cavity, said walls of said cavity are coated with a bonding agent.",
    "4. The process as set forth in claim 1, wherein: said first and second resin materials are photosensitive to predetermined different levels of said luminous radiation such that said luminous radiation of said second predetermined level for hardening only said second resin material is ineffective with respect to said polymerization of said first resin material whereby said first resin material is not polymerized by said second predetermined level of said luminous radiation.",
    "5. A hand tool for implementing photopolymerization of two different photosensitive resin materials which are disposed within a cavity wherein a first one of said two resin materials is deposited upon the walls of said cavity, and a second one of said two resin materials is deposited within said cavity and upon said first one of said two resin materials, comprising: means, defined within said hand tool, for receiving electromagnetic radiation at one end thereof from a light source, and for transmitting said electromagnetic radiation to an opposite end thereof which is insertable within said resin materials disposed within said cavity; and means for controlling the level of said electromagnetic radiation issued from said light source so as to generate electromagnetic radiation at a first predetermined level to which both said first and second resin materials will be exposed but by which only said second one of said two resin materials will be hardened by photopolymerization, and for generating electromagnetic radiation at a second predetermined level, in response to completion of of said photopolymerization of said second one of said two resin materials, to which both said first and second resin materials will be exposed but by which only said first one of said two resin materials wil be hardened by photopolymerization.",
    "6. The hand tool as set forth in claim 5, wherein said means for receiving and transmitting said electromagnetic radiation, comprises: an optical fiber having one end thereof optically connected to said light source, and a light-transmissive pellet having one end thereof optically connected to a second end of said optical fiber, while a second end of said light-transmissive pellet is insertable within said resin materials disposed within said cavity.",
    "7. The hand tool as set forth in claim 6, wherein: a longitudinal axis of said optical fiber is disposed substantially perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of said light-transmissive pellet.",
    "8. The hand tool as set forth in claim 7, further comprising: a lens interposed between said one end of said light-transmissive pellet and said second end of said optical fiber; and a reflector, disposed at an angle of 45° with respect to said longitudinal axes of said optical fiber and said light-transmissive pellet, interposed between said lens and said one end of said light-transmissive pellet.",
    "9. The hand tool as set forth in claim 6, further comprising: piezoelectric means operatively associated with said light-transmissive pellet for generating vibrations transmitted by said light-transmissive pellet to said resin materials for compacting said resin materials during said photopolymerization of said first and second resin materials.",
    "10. The hand tool as set forth in claim 6, further comprising: photoelectric sensor means mounted upon said tool and disposed toward said resin materials disposed within said cavity for sensing the opacity of said second resin material upon said completion of said photopolymerization of said second resin material and for generasting a control signal to said means for controlling the level of said electromagnetic radiation issued from said light source so as to change said electromagetic radiation from said first predetermined level to said second predetermined level.",
    "11. The hand tool as set forth in claim 6, further comprising: conduit means secured to said hand tool for transmitting air and water toward said cavity and said resin materials disposed therein."
  ],
  "description_excerpt": "The present invention relates to a differential photopolymerization process with shrinkage compensation utilizing photosensitive resins.\n\nIt relates more specifically, but not exclusively, to a process for filling a dental cavity, and also to a general hand tool for the implementation of the process.\n\nAlthough this process is adapted for use within the field of dental surgery, numerous other industrial applications for the process in accordance with the invention are readily apparent which involve the wish to partially a cavity arranged in a support of some kind, or to mold an object, or to even cover it with resins capable of photopolymerization.\n\nThe invention is described below specifically with reference to the field of application which concerns the application and subsequently the solidification of an initially pasty product within a dental cavity.\n\nThe invention may similarly be applied to other industrial areas, for example to those involving precision molding and casting, and more particularly to the process known as the \"lost wax\" casting process which is used, for example, with items of small dimension.\n\nBy way of summary, in the dental field of application which has been taken as an example, the treatment of dental caries in particular by the direct method is frequently performed by the use of a compound resin or of an amalgam which the dental practitioner deposits within the previously cleaned cavity, with solidification of the amalgam being achieved by setting and/or by means of the microretentions situated upon the walls of the cavity.",
  "cpc": [
    "A61C 19/004",
    "A61C 1/07"
  ],
  "ipc": [
    "A61C 13/15",
    "A61C 5/04"
  ],
  "assignees": [
    "Ellena"
  ],
  "inventors": [
    "Marc Werly"
  ],
  "filing_date": "1988-03-24",
  "publication_date": "1991-04-16",
  "grant_date": "1991-04-16",
  "priority_date": "1987-03-26",
  "application_number": "US-17256288-A",
  "family_id": "9349460",
  "cited_by_count": 87,
  "citations": [
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    "US4631030A",
    "US4726770A",
    "US4608021A",
    "US4696646A",
    "US4673353A"
  ]
}