Surface preparation for bonding titanium

{
  "publication_number": "US5476552A",
  "country": "US",
  "kind": "A",
  "title": "Surface preparation for bonding titanium",
  "abstract": "The present invention relates to a method for preparing a titanium or titum alloy surface and a primer for use in the method. The method broadly comprises the steps of grit blasting portions of the surface to which an adhesive will be applied and thereafter applying an acid wash primer to the surface portions. The acid wash primer preferably consists essentially of 70% by weight isopropyl alcohol, 5% by weight ethyl alcohol, 15% by weight n-butyl alcohol, 5% by weight zinc chromate and 5% by weight phosphoric acid.",
  "claims": [
    "1. A method for preparing a titanium or titanium alloy surface comprising the steps of: grit blasting desired portions of said surface; and applying an acid wash primer comprising an alcohol-zinc-chromate-phosphoric acid mixture to said desired portions, said grit blasting and primer applying steps improving the bondability of said titanium or titanium alloy surface, said primer consisting essentially of 90% by weight alcohol solution, 5% by weight zinc chromate and 5% by weight phosphoric acid.",
    "2. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of: allowing said primer to dry for a period of time after applying said primer to said desired portions; and applying an adhesive to said desired portions of said surface after said period of time.",
    "3. The method of claim 1 wherein said applying step comprises applying a primer consisting essentially of 5% by weight zinc chromate, 5% by weight phosphoric acid, and 90% by weight of an alcohol solution consisting of about 65% to 80% by weight isopropyl alcohol, about 5% to 10% by weight ethyl alcohol and about 15% to 25% by weight n-butyl alcohol.",
    "4. The method of claim 1 wherein said applying step comprises applying a primer consisting essentially of 70% by weight isopropyl alcohol, 5% by weight ethyl alcohol, 15% by weight n-butyl alcohol, 5% by weight zinc chromate and 5% by weight phosphoric acid.",
    "5. The method of claim 1 wherein said grit blasting step comprises grit blasting said desired portions of said surface in one pass only using in the range of 60 to 80 grit garnet.",
    "6. The method of claim 1 wherein said grit blasting step comprises grit blasting said desired portions of said surface in one pass only using in the range of 60 to 80 grit aluminum oxide.",
    "7. The method of claim 1 wherein said applying step comprises applying a coat of said primer at room temperature using a spray gun.",
    "8. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of: masking portions of said surface to which an adhesive will not be applied prior to said grit blasting step; and degreasing unmasked portions of said surface with isopropyl alcohol after said masking step and before said grit blasting step.",
    "9. The method of claim 8 wherein said degreasing step comprises wiping said isopropyl alcohol in at least one pass using a clean wipe for each at least one pass.",
    "10. The method of claim 8 wherein said grit blasting step comprises vacuuming and blowing out said portions of said surface being grit blasted.",
    "11. The method of claim 10 further comprising the steps of: cleaning using isopropyl alcohol said portions of surface which have been grit blasted; and wiping said portions clean with a low lint cleaning cloth prior to said applying step.",
    "12. The method of claim 11 further comprising using an inert gas to remove any lint particles from said surface after said wiping step and before said applying step.",
    "13. The method of claim 12 wherein said primer is applied after said lint removal and within twenty minutes of said surface cleaning using isopropyl alcohol step.",
    "14. The method of claim 2 wherein: said primer is allowed to dry for at least sixty minutes; and said adhesive is applied within 24 hours of said primer application."
  ],
  "description_excerpt": "1. Field of the Invention\n\nThe present invention relates to a method for preparing surfaces of titanium and titanium alloys and a novel solution used therein.\n\n2. Description of Prior Art\n\nA wide range of techniques have been used to prepare surfaces of titanium and titanium alloys for bonding and other purposes. These techniques are exemplified by the following patents.\n\nU.S. Pat. Nos. 2,881,106 and 2,945,779, both to Lipinski, illustrate methods of improving the bondability of titanium surfaces toward organic polymeric materials. The '106 patent describes a method which comprises wetting the titanium surface with an acid solution of sulfamic acid containing fluoride ions and having a pH below 3 until the titanium surface is visibly altered through etching and a film is formed which is discernible to the naked eye. The '779 patent describes a similar method wherein the titanium solution is wetted by a solution of nitrosulfonic acid and fluoride ions having a pH below 4.\n\nU.S. Pat. No. 3,676,223 to Vazirani describes a method for the surface treatment of titanium and its alloys which results in improved joints between the titanium metal and organic materials. The method comprises treating the titanium material in an aqueous solution containing hydrofluoric acid, at least 60 percent by volume of concentrated phosphoric acid, and nitric or chromic acid. The treatment is effective to remove corrosion products from the surface and replace them with a mechanically strong protective layer.",
  "cpc": [
    "C09J 5/02",
    "C09J 2400/166",
    "C23C 22/04"
  ],
  "ipc": [
    "C09J 5/02",
    "C23C 22/04"
  ],
  "assignees": [
    "US Department of Navy"
  ],
  "inventors": [
    "Wayne C. Tucker",
    "James C. Butts",
    "Leonard E. Burgmyer, Jr.",
    "Raymond A. St. Amand"
  ],
  "filing_date": "1995-01-25",
  "publication_date": "1995-12-19",
  "grant_date": "1995-12-19",
  "priority_date": "1995-01-25",
  "application_number": "US-38230495-A",
  "family_id": "23508381",
  "cited_by_count": 28,
  "citations": [
    "US2839438A",
    "US2798014A",
    "US3994751A",
    "US4111884A"
  ]
}