Layered minerals and compositions comprising the same

{
  "publication_number": "US5707439A",
  "country": "US",
  "kind": "A",
  "title": "Layered minerals and compositions comprising the same",
  "abstract": "Novel silicate minerals that have undergone a cation exhange with at least one heteroaromatic cation comprising a positively charged organo-substituted heteroatom and/or at least one positively charged heteroatom not part of an aromatic ring with at least one bond having a bond order greater than one and compositions comprising the same are described.",
  "claims": [
    "1. A layered mineral having undergone a cation exchange with at least one member selected from the group consisting of: (a) a heteroaromatic cation comprising at least one positively charged organo-substituted heteroatom; and (b) a cation comprising at least one positively charged heteroatom not part of an aromatic ring with at least one bond having a bond order greater than one.",
    "2. A layered mineral in accordance with claim 1 wherein said layered mineral is from a kaolinite group, montmorillonite group, illite group or a combination thereof.",
    "3. A layered mineral in accordance with claim 2 wherein said kaolinite group comprises kaolinite, halloysite, dickite or nacrite.",
    "4. A layered mineral in accordance with claim 2 wherein said montmorillonite group comprises montmorillonite, nontronite, beidellite, hectorite or saponite.",
    "5. A layered mineral in accordance with claim 2 wherein said illite group comprises hydromicas, phengite, brammallite, glaucomite or celadonite.",
    "6. A layered mineral in accordance with claim 1 wherein said layered mineral is kenyaite, magadite, muscovite, sauconite, vermiculite, volkonskoite, phyrophyllics, mica or smectite.",
    "7. A layered mineral in accordance with claim 1 wherein said cation in (a) and said cation in (b) comprise a heteroatom selected from the group consisting of N, P, O and S.",
    "8. A layered mineral in accordance with claim 7 wherein said heteroaromatic cation comprising at least one positively charged organo-substituted heteroatom is an organo-substituted salt of pyrrole, imidazole, thiazole, oxazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, quinoline, isoquinoline, indole, purine, benzimidazole, benzothiazole, benzoxazole, pyrazine, quinoxaline, quinazoline, acridine, phenazine, imidazopyridine or dipyridyl.",
    "9. A layered mineral in accordance with claim 8 wherein said organo-substituted heteroatom is substituted with a C 1-25 aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic group.",
    "10. A layered mineral in accordance with claim 9 wherein said heteroaromatic cations are N-C 1-18 pyridinium cations.",
    "11. A layered mineral in accordance with claim 1 wherein said cation comprising at least one positively charged heteroatom not part of an aromatic ring with at least one bond having a bond order greater than one has the formula ##STR4## wherein R 1, R 2, R 3 and R 4 are each independently a hydrogen, C 1-20 alkyl group, aromatic radical, substituted heteroatom or ##STR5## and R 5 is hydrogen or a C 1-10 alkyl group, or at least one of R 1 and R 2, R 3 and R 4, R 1 and R 3 and R 2 and R 4 taken together with the atoms connecting them form a 4 to 10 membered cyclic or bicyclic ring.",
    "12. A layered mineral in accordance with claim 11 wherein said cations comprising at least one positively charged heteroatom not part of an aromatic ring are salts of guanidines or amidines.",
    "13. A layered mineral in accordance with claim 12 wherein said salts of guanidines are hexaalkylguanidinium salts."
  ],
  "cpc": [
    "C04B 14/206",
    "C01B 33/44",
    "C04B 14/04",
    "C04B 14/208",
    "C04B 2103/0087"
  ],
  "assignees": [
    "GEN ELECTRIC"
  ],
  "filing_date": "1995-12-18",
  "publication_date": "1998-01-13",
  "grant_date": "1998-01-13",
  "priority_date": "1995-04-03",
  "application_number": "US-57401295-A",
  "family_id": "23648583",
  "citations": [
    "US4695402A",
    "US5075033A",
    "US5106421A",
    "US5137568A",
    "US5294254A",
    "US5298064A"
  ]
}