Dual spectrometer color sensor

{
  "publication_number": "US5793486A",
  "country": "US",
  "kind": "A",
  "title": "Dual spectrometer color sensor",
  "abstract": "Disclosed is an apparatus for measuring on-line the color and color-related properties of a moving sheet. Contrast ratio reflectance measurements are made for providing opacity corrections substantially in real time for a full color spectrum. An optical color sensor in accordance with the invention includes a pair of synchronized spectrometers, the first spectrometer being aligned to view a region of the sheet backed with a highly reflective (\"white\") material and the second spectrometer being aligned to view a region of the sheet backed with a highly absorptive (\"black\") material. The use of two spectrometers permits substantially simultaneous \"black\" and \"white\" measurements for a full color spectrum. The optical color sensing system further includes two light sources, a flashlamp and a continuously energized tungsten filament lamp. Light beams from the two sources are combined to form a sheet-illuminating third beam approximating the D65 standard source. The intensity of the flashlamp is electronically controlled to maintain the balance of UV to visible light that characterizes the standard source. The color sensor further includes a sheet backing system including a rotatable standard wheel carrying a white standard tile. Provision is made to permit rotation of the standard wheel and to standardize the sensor off-sheet while maintaining isolation of the white standard tile from the paper mill environment. The sheet backing system includes a paper guide plate defining an annular vortex space into which air is introduced from a pressurized source. A low pressure region thereby produced in the vortex space draws the paper sheet toward the guide plate. At the same time, circulating air spirals outwardly from the vortex space to form a thin air film or air bearing between the sheet and the paper guide. Sheet flutter is thereby minimized and damage to the sheet is prevented.",
  "claims": [
    "1. An on-line sensor for measuring selected properties of a sheet having opposed surfaces and being movable relative to the sensor in a direction of travel, the sensor comprising: at least one light source adjacent one of the sheet surfaces for illuminating an area of said sheet; a first backing and a second backing, each backing having a surface adjacent the other surface of the sheet, said backing surfaces being positioned to receive illumination from said at least one source transmitted through said area of said sheet, the first and second backing surfaces having known, substantially different reflectivities; a first spectrometer including light-receiving means positioned to view a portion of the sheet backed by the first backing surface; and a second spectrometer including light-receiving means positioned to view a portion of the sheet backed by the second backing surface, the light-receiving means of the first and second spectrometers being in substantial alignment in the direction of travel of the sheet.",
    "2. A sensor, as defined in claim 1, in which: the light-receiving means of the first and second spectrometers are in close proximity to each other.",
    "3. A sensor, as defined in claim 2, further including: means connected to the first and second spectrometers for synchronizing the spectrometers so that they acquire data at substantially identical times.",
    "4. A sensor, as defined in claim 3, in which: each spectrometer includes a detector for producing an output comprising a serial stream of electrical pixel signals, each signal having a magnitude corresponding to the intensity of light in a predetermined range of wavelengths comprising a portion of the detected spectrum, said synchronizing means including means for clocking said spectrometer outputs to alternate the output of said pixel signals from said spectrometers, and a memory for storing said pixel signals.",
    "5. A sensor, as defined in claim 1, including: signal processing means connected to said spectrometers, the processing means including means for calculating the infinite pad spectral reflectivity derived from substantially measuring values for spectral reflectivity of the portions of the sheet backed by the first and second backing surface regions.",
    "6. A sensor, as defined in claim 3, in which: each spectrometer includes a detector array for producing a series of output signals, each output signal having a magnitude corresponding to the intensity of light in a predetermined range of wavelengths comprising a portion of the detected spectrum, said synchronizing means comprising means for synchronizing the output signals from said detector arrays.",
    "7. A sensor, as defined in claim 6, in which: the output signal synchronizing means interleaves the output signals from the detector arrays of the first and second spectrometers.",
    "8. A sensor, as defined in claim 1, in which: the light-receiving means of the first and second spectrometers are spaced apart a predetermined distance; and the first and second spectrometers each provide output signals; the sensor further including: timing means coupled to the spectrometers for delaying the output signals of one of the spectrometers relative to the output signals of the other spectrometer, the delay being a function of the speed of the sheet and the distance between the light-receiving means of the first and second spectrometers.",
    "9. A sensor, as defined in claim 1, in which: the first spectrometer has a readout cycle time during which a first region of the movable sheet is viewed by the first spectrometer; and the second spectrometer has a readout cycle time during which a second region of the movable sheet is viewed by the second spectrometer, at least portions of the first and second regions substantially coinciding.",
    "10. A sensor, as defined in claim 9, in which: substantially all portions of the first and second regions coincide.",
    "11. An on-line sensor for measuring selected properties of a sheet having opposed surfaces and being movable relative to the sensor in a direction of travel, the sensor comprising: at least one light source adjacent one of the sheet surfaces for illuminating an area of said sheet; a first backing and a second backing, each backing having a surface adjacent the other surface of the sheet, said backing surfaces being positioned to receive illumination from said at least one source transmitted through said area of said sheet, the first and second backing surfaces having known, substantially different reflectivities; a first spectrometer including a light receiver positioned to view a portion of the sheet backed by the first backing surface; and a second spectrometer including a light receiver positioned to view a portion of the sheet backed by the second backing surface, the light receivers of the first and second spectrometers being positioned relative to each other so that the portions of the sheet viewed by the first and second light receivers substantially coincide.",
    "12. A sensor, as defined in claim 11, in which: the light receivers of the first and second spectrometers are in close proximity to each other and in substantial alignment in the direction of travel of the sheet.",
    "13. A sensor, as defined in claim 11, in which: the first and second spectrometers are synchronized to acquire data at substantially identical times.",
    "14. A sensor, as defined in claim 11, in which: the light receivers of the first and second spectrometers are spaced apart a predetermined distance; and the first and second spectrometers each provide output signals; the sensor further including: a timing circuit coupled to the spectrometers for delaying the output signals of one of the spectrometers relative to the output signals of the other spectrometer, the delay being a function of the speed of the sheet and the distance between the light receivers of the first and second spectrometers."
  ],
  "description_excerpt": "The present invention relates generally to sensors providing on-line, scanning measurements of such properties as color, whiteness, brightness and fluorescence of a traveling sheet of material such as paper.\n\nOpacity Correction\n\nIn the quality laboratory of a modern paper mill, color, brightness, whiteness, and fluorescence of the product are conventionally measured on a multiple sheet \"pad\" of the paper, rather than on a single sheet. If only a single sheet is measured, the results will be influenced by both the partial transparency of the sheet and the reflectance of the backing against which the sheet is observed. Furthermore, the \"infinite pad\" value is usually what the end customer is concerned with, since this is typically how the customer will view the end product. However, these measurement conditions cannot be reproduced in-situ in the manufacturing process, where an \"on-line\" color sensor can view only a single thickness of the product.\n\nTwo strategies have been employed to improve the agreement of on-line color measurements with laboratory \"pad\" measurements. The first strategy, an example of which is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,715,715, is to back the sheet with an opaque material which approximates the color and optical scattering power of the paper being manufactured. In effect, this strategy reproduces infinite pad conditions. The measurement error at each wavelength will be proportional to the mismatch between artificial and real \"pad\" spectral reflectance and inversely proportional to the square of the spectral transmittance of the single sheet.",
  "cpc": [
    "G01J 3/36",
    "G01J 3/10",
    "G01J 3/50",
    "G01J 3/524",
    "G01N 21/255",
    "G01N 21/86"
  ],
  "ipc": [
    "G01J 3/50",
    "G01N 21/25",
    "G01N 21/86",
    "G01N 21/89",
    "G01N 21/892"
  ],
  "assignees": [
    "Honeywell Measurex Corp"
  ],
  "inventors": [
    "Daniel A. Gordon",
    "Mark J. Alguard"
  ],
  "filing_date": "1996-11-21",
  "publication_date": "1998-08-11",
  "grant_date": "1998-08-11",
  "priority_date": "1995-06-12",
  "application_number": "US-75257996-A",
  "family_id": "23943544",
  "cited_by_count": 67,
  "citations": [
    "US5047652A"
  ]
}