Reinforced masonry panel structures

{
  "publication_number": "US9127449B2",
  "country": "US",
  "kind": "B2",
  "title": "Reinforced masonry panel structures",
  "abstract": "A method of constructing a masonry infill in a load bearing structure comprises the steps of: laying one or more courses of masonry (7) in the infill space; partitioning off a casting space having as its base the then uppermost course of masonry (22); the casting space extending from one side of the infill space to the other; positioning reinforcing material (14) in the casting space; securing an end of the reinforcing material to the load bearing structure; filling the casting space with concrete (20), and laying one or more further courses of masonry on top of the filled casting space. The reinforced concrete forms a bond beam which strengthens the masonry. The reinforcing material may be rebar, secured to a load-bearing frame of the building by a cleat (16) having pockets (12) for reception of the rebar ends. Optionally the reinforcement may be tensioned, to pre-stress the bond beam. The bond beam may also be used to strengthen bonded, load-bearing masonry panels in bending, without being secured to an adjacent load-bearing structure.",
  "claims": [
    "1. A masonry structure in an infill space in a pre-existing load bearing structure, the masonry structure comprising: one or more courses of masonry; a reinforced concrete casting which comprises a concrete reinforcing bar, the reinforced concrete casting being located above the masonry courses and extending from one side of the infill space to the other; the masonry structure comprising one or more further courses of masonry above the reinforced concrete casting; a cleat having a mounting plate secured to the pre-existing load bearing structure, said cleat further comprising an elongate socket carried by the mounting plate and having a longitudinal socket axis extending parallel to said one or more courses of masonry; and wherein the end of the reinforcing bar is received in said socket; wherein said elongate socket enables longitudinal sliding movement between the reinforcing bar and the elongate socket configured to accommodate differential expansion between the masonry structure and the load bearing structure.",
    "2. A masonry infill for an infill space defined between first and second spaced-apart vertical supports of a pre-existing load bearing structure, the masonry infill comprising: one or more courses of masonry, each of which comprises an end that terminates at a corresponding one of the first and second vertical supports; a reinforced concrete casting which comprises a concrete reinforcement and which is located above the masonry courses and extends between the first and second vertical supports; a cleat comprising a mounting plate secured to an outer surface of the first vertical support, the cleat further comprising an elongate socket carried by the mounting plate and having a longitudinal socket axis directed towards the second vertical support; an end of the concrete reinforcement received in said elongate socket; the masonry structure comprising one or more further courses of masonry above the reinforced concrete casting; wherein the masonry infill extends from one side of the infill space to the other; whereby said elongate socket enables longitudinal sliding between the concrete reinforcement and the elongate socket configured to accommodate differential expansion between the masonry infill and the load bearing structure.",
    "3. A structure as defined in claim 2, comprising a masonry course which itself defines inner and outer wails of the casting space.",
    "4. A structure as defined in claim 3, in which the inner and outer wall-defining course is formed from blocks having a U-shaped cross-section.",
    "5. A structure as defined in claim 2, in which the reinforcing material comprises steel bar.",
    "6. A structure as defined in claim 2, in which one or more courses of masonry above and/or below the concrete are tied into the concrete by reinforcements extending into the concrete and into mortar filled spaces in or between the units of masonry in these courses.",
    "7. A structure as defined in claim 2, in which edges of the masonry infill are secured to the load bearing structure by means other than the attachment at the reinforcement.",
    "8. A structure as defined in claim 2, further comprising reinforced mortar beds between the masonry courses.",
    "9. A method of constructing a masonry infill in an infill space in a pre-existing load bearing structure, the method comprising the steps of: laying one or more courses of masonry; partitioning off a casting space having as its base a then uppermost course of masonry, the casting space extending from one side of the infill space to the other; providing a cleat comprising a mounting plate secured to an outer surface of said pre-existing load bearing structure at said infill space, said cleat further comprising an elongate socket carried by the mounting plate and having a longitudinal socket axis extending parallel to said one or more courses of masonry; positioning at least one reinforcing bar in the casting space; inserting an end of the reinforcing bar into said elongate socket; filling the casting space with concrete; and laying one or more further courses of masonry on top of the filled casting space; whereby said elongate socket enables longitudinal sliding movement between the reinforcing bar and the elongate socket configured to accommodate differential expansion between the masonry infill and the load bearing structure.",
    "10. A method as defined in claim 9, in which the load bearing structure is a metal frame.",
    "11. A method as defined in claim 9, further comprising using a seal to prevent the wet concrete from entering the socket as the casting space is filled.",
    "12. A method of constructing a masonry infill in an infill space between first and second spaced-apart vertical supports of a pre-existing load bearing structure, the method comprising the steps of: laying one or more courses of masonry, each of which comprises an end that terminates at a corresponding one of said first and second vertical supports; partitioning off a casting space between the first and second vertical supports, the casting space having as its base a then uppermost course of masonry; positioning reinforcing material in the casting space; securing a cleat to the first vertical support, the cleat comprising a mounting plate secured to an outer surface of the first vertical support, the cleat further comprising an elongate socket carried by the mounting plate and having a longitudinal socket axis directed towards the second vertical support; inserting an end of the reinforcing material into said elongate socket filling the casting space with concrete; and laying one or more further courses of masonry on top of the filled casting space; wherein the masonry infill extends from one side of the infill space to the other; whereby said elongate socket enables longitudinal sliding movement between the reinforcing material and the elongate socket configured to accommodate differential expansion between the masonry infill and the load bearing structure.",
    "13. A method as defined in claim 12, in which the step of partitioning off the casting space comprises installing removable shuttering.",
    "14. A method as defined in claim 13, in which the shuttering is aligned with inner and outer faces of the masonry courses.",
    "15. A method as defined in claim 12, in which one or more masonry courses define inner and outer walls on either side of the casting space.",
    "16. A method as defined in claim 15, in which the casting space-defining course is formed from blocks having a U-shaped cross-section.",
    "17. A method as defined in claim 12, in which the reinforcing material comprises steel bar.",
    "18. A method as defined in claim 12, in which one or more courses of masonry above and/or below the concrete are tied into the concrete by reinforcements extending into the concrete and into mortar filled spaces in or between the units of masonry in these courses.",
    "19. A method as defined in any preceding claim, in which edges of the masonry infill are secured to the load bearing structure by means additional to the attachment at the reinforcement."
  ],
  "description_excerpt": "Current techniques for constructing larger buildings usually involve the use of a load bearing frame of steel or reinforced concrete, with attached cladding and/or masonry infills. In the case of masonry walls in such structures and elsewhere, it is necessary to provide additional strengthening where the area of the wall increases beyond certain limits. The strengthening is required to support the weight of the wall; to resist environmental loading such as wind forces, differences in air pressure and earthquakes; as well as to withstand other dynamic service loads such as crowd pressure, vehicle impact or explosions. The required strength for a given structure is governed not only by the laws of physics but also by local building regulations.\n\nTraditionally where additional strength is needed, walls have been supported by cross walls, piers and areas of wall thickening. More recently the standard windpost has been developed, which occurs in most building walls (particularly interior walls), if their length exceeds 4 m. The purpose of the post is to stiffen or strengthen the walling, in circumstances of particular lateral stress from wind induced pressure differences, crowd or any other force. A wind post generally consists of a steel column secured at its top and base to the building frame or another suitable load-bearing structure. This form of construction, while effective, brings with it the following disadvantages:\n\nOur invention seeks to replace the windpost and also achieve many other positive characteristics in strengthening panels of bonded masonry such as masonry walls, both load bearing and non load bearing.",
  "cpc": [
    "E04B 1/165",
    "E04B 1/4107",
    "E04B 2/20",
    "E04B 2/24",
    "E04B 2/64",
    "E04B 2/68",
    "E04B 2002/0254",
    "E04C 2/041",
    "E04H 9/02",
    "E04H 9/021",
    "F16B 9/052",
    "F16B 9/056",
    "Y10T 403/3933"
  ],
  "ipc": [
    "E04B 1/16"
  ],
  "inventors": [
    "Liam Clear"
  ],
  "filing_date": "2007-07-31",
  "publication_date": "2015-09-08",
  "grant_date": "2015-09-08",
  "priority_date": "2006-08-01",
  "application_number": "US-30979507-A",
  "family_id": "37006554",
  "cited_by_count": 6,
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}