Patent · US9527747B2 · B2 · US

Extraction and sequestration of carbon dioxide

(11) Publication number

US9527747B2

(21) Application number

14/561,831

(22) Filing date

2014-12-05

(30) Priority date

2008-02-19

(43) Publication date

2016-12-27

(45) Date of grant

2016-12-27

(51) IPC

B01D 53/02; B01D 53/14; C01B 32/50; A01K 67/033; A01M 1/02; A01N 59/04; B01D 53/22; B01D 53/62; B01D 53/96; B01D 61/44; B65D 88/74; G06Q 30/00

(52) CPC

A01M Catching, trapping or scaring of animals; apparatus for the destruction of noxious animals or noxious plants: 1/023
A01K Animal husbandry; aviculture; apiculture; pisciculture; fishing; rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; new breeds of animals: 67/033, 67/30
A01N Preservation of bodies of humans or animals or plants or parts thereof; biocides, e.g. as disinfectants, as pesticides or as herbicides; pest repellants or attractants; plant growth regulators: 59/04
B01D Separation: 2252/00, 2252/103, 2252/204, 2253/102, 2253/206, 2257/302, 2257/402, 2257/404, 2257/504, 2259/40086, 2259/4009, 2259/4145, 53/02, 53/0462, 53/1475, 53/22, 53/62, 53/96, 61/445
B65D Containers for storage or transport of articles or materials, e.g. bags, barrels, bottles, boxes, cans, cartons, crates, drums, jars, tanks, hoppers, forwarding containers; accessories, closures, or fittings therefor; packaging elements; packages: 88/745
C01B Non-metallic elements; compounds thereof; {metalloids or compounds thereof not covered by subclass C01C}: 31/20, 32/50
G06Q Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for administrative, commercial, financial, managerial or supervisory purposes; systems or methods specially adapted for administrative, commercial, financial, managerial or supervisory purposes, not otherwise provided for: 30/018
Y02C Capture, storage, sequestration or disposal of greenhouse gases [ghg]: 10/04, 10/08, 10/10, 20/10, 20/40
Y02P Climate change mitigation technologies in the production or processing of goods: 20/151, 20/152, 20/153

(73) Assignee

Carbon Sink Inc

(72) Inventors

Allen B. Wright; Klaus S. Lackner

(54) Title

Extraction and sequestration of carbon dioxide

(57) Abstract

The present disclosure provides a method and apparatus for extracting carbon dioxide (CO 2) from a fluid stream and for delivering that extracted CO 2 to controlled environments for utilization by a secondary process. Various extraction and delivery methods are disclosed specific to certain secondary uses, included the attraction of CO 2 sensitive insects, the ripening and preservation of produce, and the neutralization of brine.

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Claims (25)

A method for removing carbon dioxide from ambient air, comprising bringing the ambient air in contact with a solid sorbent comprising an ion exchange membrane material, thereby absorbing CO 2 from the ambient air, and returning a CO 2 -depleted air flow to said ambient air; releasing the carbon dioxide from the solid sorbent in a concentrated form; and delivering the carbon dioxide for use in a secondary process, wherein the secondary process is selected from a group consisting of: use as a machining coolant and lubricant, use in grit blasting for smoothing or paint or rest removal, cryogenic cleaning, quick freeze processes, production and use of R744 refrigerant, use in CO 2 based dry-cleaning solvents, perishable shipping container pre-cooling, perishable shipping inert environment maintenance, beverage carbonation, fire suppression, plant fertilization, horticulture, agriculture, silvaculture, use in greenhouses, aquatic algae production, enhanced oil recovery, water softening, Solvay processes, use as a propellant, use as a pressurizing gas for aerosol cans, use as an inflation gas for life rafts, supercritical CO 2 extraction, semiconductor manufacturing, organic solvents, perfume aromatics, decaffeinating coffee or tea, supramics, pharmaceutical manufacturing, chemical production of urea, methanol, inorganic carbonates, organic carbonates, polyurethanes, paint pigments, foaming agents, carbon based fuels, synthetic fuels, fumigation of grain elevators, neutralization of alkaline waters or slurries or solid materials, and gas shields for welding or electronics manufacturing.
The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide is delivered to the secondary process in a gaseous state, solid state, or liquid state.
The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide is released from the solid sorbent by exposing the sorbent to increased humidity, by using water, humid air, or pulses of steam.
The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide is released from the solid sorbent using a weak liquid amine as a secondary sorbent.
The method of claim 1, wherein the solid sorbent is a resin, and wherein the carbon dioxide is released from the solid sorbent utilizing a humidity swing, and wherein the resin is contained in a chamber that also contains activated carbon, further comprising the step of drying out the activated carbon to capture the carbon dioxide in a concentrated form prior to delivering the carbon dioxide for use in a secondary process.
The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide is released from the solid sorbent by washing the solid sorbent with a wash fluid to create an effluent, placing the effluent on the acid side of an electrodialysis cell, driving the pH of the acid side of the electrodialysis cell to a neutral pH to release carbon dioxide, prior to delivering the carbon dioxide for use in a secondary process.
The method of claim 1, wherein the released carbon dioxide is delivered to an enclosed environment and maintained at a level that is within predetermined parameters.
The method of claim 7, further comprising controlling the humidity in the enclosed environment.
The method of claim 1, wherein said absorbing and/or said releasing steps are performed below about 15° C.
The method of claim 1, wherein said absorbing takes place in a plurality of chambers in sequence, each chamber comprising a CO 2 sorbent that is a solid sorbent, wherein said plurality of chambers comprises three chambers, N−1, N, and N+1, wherein chamber N is full of air and chambers N−1 and N+1 contain water; and further wherein said releasing step comprises wetting or an increase in humidity in a process that moves water and air such that: (a) water from chamber N−1 moves into chamber N; (b) air leaves chamber N; (c) water leaves chamber N+1; and, (d) chamber N+1 fills with air.
The method of claim 10, wherein said water comprises carbonate.
The method of claim 10, wherein water from chamber N+1 moves into a fourth chamber.
The method of claim 12, wherein said fourth chamber is nominally evacuated prior to the movement of water from chamber N+1.
The method of claim 12, wherein said fourth chamber contains water prior to the movement of water from chamber N+1.
The method of claim 1, wherein said solid sorbent comprises an anion exchange material.
The method of claim 1, wherein said solid sorbent comprises a material from which captured CO 2 is releasable by wetting or a swing in humidity in the absence of a thermal swing.
The method of claim 1, wherein said solid sorbent captures CO 2 when exposed to lower humidity and releases CO 2 when exposed to higher humidity.
The method of claim 1, wherein said solid sorbent comprises a strong base resin.
The method of claim 1, wherein said solid sorbent comprises a coating comprising a membrane that is hydrophobic and gas-permeable; and further wherein said releasing step comprises exposing said coated solid sorbent to an aqueous solution, wherein said solid sorbent is separated from said aqueous solution by said coating.
The method of claim 19, wherein said aqueous solution is an alkaline brine.
The method of claim 19, wherein said aqueous solution absorbs CO 2 released from said solid sorbent.
The method of claim 1, further comprising collecting and concentrating CO 2 released from said solid sorbent prior to delivering said CO 2 to said secondary process.
The method of claim 1, wherein said carbon dioxide is used in a secondary process on site.
The method of claim 1, wherein said CO 2 -depleted flow has the same oxygen content as said stream of ambient air.
The method of claim 1, wherein the secondary process comprises luring insects to a desired location.

Description

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for the removal of selected gases from an environment and the disposal of the selected gases in another environment.

The present invention in one aspect relates to removal of selected gases from the atmosphere. The invention has particular utility in connection with the extraction of carbon dioxide (CO 2) from the atmosphere and subsequent sequestration of the extracted CO 2 or conversion of the extracted CO 2 to useful or benign products and will be described in connection with such utilities, although other utilities are contemplated, including the extraction, sequestration or conversion of other gases from the atmosphere including NO x and SO 2.

There is compelling evidence of a strong correlation between the sharply increasing levels of atmospheric CO 2 with a commensurate increase in global surface temperatures. This effect is commonly known as Global Warming. Of the various sources of the CO 2 emissions, there are a vast number of small, widely distributed emitters that are impractical to mitigate at the source. Additionally, large-scale emitters such as hydrocarbon-fueled power plants are not fully protected from exhausting CO 2 into the atmosphere. Combined, these major sources, as well as others, have lead to the creation of a sharply increasing rate of atmospheric CO 2 concentration. Until all emitters are corrected at their source, other technologies are required to capture the increasing, albeit relatively low, background levels of atmospheric CO 2.

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Record as JSON

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  "publication_number": "US9527747B2",
  "country": "US",
  "kind": "B2",
  "title": "Extraction and sequestration of carbon dioxide",
  "abstract": "The present disclosure provides a method and apparatus for extracting carbon dioxide (CO 2) from a fluid stream and for delivering that extracted CO 2 to controlled environments for utilization by a secondary process. Various extraction and delivery methods are disclosed specific to certain secondary uses, included the attraction of CO 2 sensitive insects, the ripening and preservation of produce, and the neutralization of brine.",
  "claims": [
    "1. A method for removing carbon dioxide from ambient air, comprising bringing the ambient air in contact with a solid sorbent comprising an ion exchange membrane material, thereby absorbing CO 2 from the ambient air, and returning a CO 2 -depleted air flow to said ambient air; releasing the carbon dioxide from the solid sorbent in a concentrated form; and delivering the carbon dioxide for use in a secondary process, wherein the secondary process is selected from a group consisting of: use as a machining coolant and lubricant, use in grit blasting for smoothing or paint or rest removal, cryogenic cleaning, quick freeze processes, production and use of R744 refrigerant, use in CO 2 based dry-cleaning solvents, perishable shipping container pre-cooling, perishable shipping inert environment maintenance, beverage carbonation, fire suppression, plant fertilization, horticulture, agriculture, silvaculture, use in greenhouses, aquatic algae production, enhanced oil recovery, water softening, Solvay processes, use as a propellant, use as a pressurizing gas for aerosol cans, use as an inflation gas for life rafts, supercritical CO 2 extraction, semiconductor manufacturing, organic solvents, perfume aromatics, decaffeinating coffee or tea, supramics, pharmaceutical manufacturing, chemical production of urea, methanol, inorganic carbonates, organic carbonates, polyurethanes, paint pigments, foaming agents, carbon based fuels, synthetic fuels, fumigation of grain elevators, neutralization of alkaline waters or slurries or solid materials, and gas shields for welding or electronics manufacturing.",
    "2. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide is delivered to the secondary process in a gaseous state, solid state, or liquid state.",
    "3. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide is released from the solid sorbent by exposing the sorbent to increased humidity, by using water, humid air, or pulses of steam.",
    "4. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide is released from the solid sorbent using a weak liquid amine as a secondary sorbent.",
    "5. The method of claim 1, wherein the solid sorbent is a resin, and wherein the carbon dioxide is released from the solid sorbent utilizing a humidity swing, and wherein the resin is contained in a chamber that also contains activated carbon, further comprising the step of drying out the activated carbon to capture the carbon dioxide in a concentrated form prior to delivering the carbon dioxide for use in a secondary process.",
    "6. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide is released from the solid sorbent by washing the solid sorbent with a wash fluid to create an effluent, placing the effluent on the acid side of an electrodialysis cell, driving the pH of the acid side of the electrodialysis cell to a neutral pH to release carbon dioxide, prior to delivering the carbon dioxide for use in a secondary process.",
    "7. The method of claim 1, wherein the released carbon dioxide is delivered to an enclosed environment and maintained at a level that is within predetermined parameters.",
    "8. The method of claim 7, further comprising controlling the humidity in the enclosed environment.",
    "9. The method of claim 1, wherein said absorbing and/or said releasing steps are performed below about 15° C.",
    "10. The method of claim 1, wherein said absorbing takes place in a plurality of chambers in sequence, each chamber comprising a CO 2 sorbent that is a solid sorbent, wherein said plurality of chambers comprises three chambers, N−1, N, and N+1, wherein chamber N is full of air and chambers N−1 and N+1 contain water; and further wherein said releasing step comprises wetting or an increase in humidity in a process that moves water and air such that: (a) water from chamber N−1 moves into chamber N; (b) air leaves chamber N; (c) water leaves chamber N+1; and, (d) chamber N+1 fills with air.",
    "11. The method of claim 10, wherein said water comprises carbonate.",
    "12. The method of claim 10, wherein water from chamber N+1 moves into a fourth chamber.",
    "13. The method of claim 12, wherein said fourth chamber is nominally evacuated prior to the movement of water from chamber N+1.",
    "14. The method of claim 12, wherein said fourth chamber contains water prior to the movement of water from chamber N+1.",
    "15. The method of claim 1, wherein said solid sorbent comprises an anion exchange material.",
    "16. The method of claim 1, wherein said solid sorbent comprises a material from which captured CO 2 is releasable by wetting or a swing in humidity in the absence of a thermal swing.",
    "17. The method of claim 1, wherein said solid sorbent captures CO 2 when exposed to lower humidity and releases CO 2 when exposed to higher humidity.",
    "18. The method of claim 1, wherein said solid sorbent comprises a strong base resin.",
    "19. The method of claim 1, wherein said solid sorbent comprises a coating comprising a membrane that is hydrophobic and gas-permeable; and further wherein said releasing step comprises exposing said coated solid sorbent to an aqueous solution, wherein said solid sorbent is separated from said aqueous solution by said coating.",
    "20. The method of claim 19, wherein said aqueous solution is an alkaline brine.",
    "21. The method of claim 19, wherein said aqueous solution absorbs CO 2 released from said solid sorbent.",
    "22. The method of claim 1, further comprising collecting and concentrating CO 2 released from said solid sorbent prior to delivering said CO 2 to said secondary process.",
    "23. The method of claim 1, wherein said carbon dioxide is used in a secondary process on site.",
    "24. The method of claim 1, wherein said CO 2 -depleted flow has the same oxygen content as said stream of ambient air.",
    "25. The method of claim 1, wherein the secondary process comprises luring insects to a desired location."
  ],
  "description_excerpt": "The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for the removal of selected gases from an environment and the disposal of the selected gases in another environment.\n\nThe present invention in one aspect relates to removal of selected gases from the atmosphere. The invention has particular utility in connection with the extraction of carbon dioxide (CO 2) from the atmosphere and subsequent sequestration of the extracted CO 2 or conversion of the extracted CO 2 to useful or benign products and will be described in connection with such utilities, although other utilities are contemplated, including the extraction, sequestration or conversion of other gases from the atmosphere including NO x and SO 2.\n\nThere is compelling evidence of a strong correlation between the sharply increasing levels of atmospheric CO 2 with a commensurate increase in global surface temperatures. This effect is commonly known as Global Warming. Of the various sources of the CO 2 emissions, there are a vast number of small, widely distributed emitters that are impractical to mitigate at the source. Additionally, large-scale emitters such as hydrocarbon-fueled power plants are not fully protected from exhausting CO 2 into the atmosphere. Combined, these major sources, as well as others, have lead to the creation of a sharply increasing rate of atmospheric CO 2 concentration. Until all emitters are corrected at their source, other technologies are required to capture the increasing, albeit relatively low, background levels of atmospheric CO 2.",
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  "assignees": [
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  "inventors": [
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  "filing_date": "2014-12-05",
  "publication_date": "2016-12-27",
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  "priority_date": "2008-02-19",
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}

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