Polymorphic surface systems and methods

{
  "publication_number": "US9552915B2",
  "country": "US",
  "kind": "B2",
  "title": "Polymorphic surface systems and methods",
  "abstract": "A polymorphic surface may be provided by applying at least one magnetic field across a plurality of movable surface contour elements and selectively passing a current through the magnetic field(s) adjacent selected surface contour elements, with the current being perpendicular to the magnetic field. The current interacts with the magnetic field to generate a Lorentz force driving guided substantially linear motion of the respective surface contour element(s). The surface contour elements may be individually moveable and individually selectable for application of current to generate movement. The surface contour elements may be supported in position after removing the current. The current applied across each selected surface contour element may be varied to control the amount of guided substantially linear motion.",
  "claims": [
    "1. A polymorphic surface system, comprising: a guide structure; a plurality of individual cavities formed in the guide structure; a plurality of surface contour elements, each surface contour element being received in a respective one of the individual cavities for reciprocal substantially linear motion therein; each of the surface contour elements having at least one electrically conductive path thereon; each of the cavities having a magnetic field extending thereacross; electrical contacts associated with each cavity, wherein for each cavity: the electrical contacts comprise at least one first side electrical contact and at least one second side electrical contact; the at least one first side electrical contact is electrically isolated from the at least one second side electrical contact except for the electrically conductive path on the respective surface contour element in the cavity; the at least one electrically conductive path on the respective surface contour element in the cavity maintains electrical communication between the at least one first side electrical contact and the at least one second side electrical contact over a range of the reciprocal substantially linear motion of the respective surface contour element within the respective cavity; and the at least one first side electrical contact, the at least one electrically conductive path on the respective surface contour element in the cavity and the at least one second side electrical contact cooperate to form a circuit segment of an electrical circuit across the cavity; the electrical circuit including a controller adapted to address the circuit segments to selectively apply current to, and remove current from, one or more selected circuit segments; and whereby upon application of current to a selected one of the circuit segments, the applied current interacts with the magnetic field across the respective cavity to generate a Lorentz force that drives substantially linear motion of the respective surface contour element within the respective cavity.",
    "2. The polymorphic surface system of claim 1, wherein: the magnetic field across each cavity is substantially perpendicular to the reciprocal substantially linear motion of the respective surface contour element within the respective cavity; and current flowing through the circuit segment is substantially perpendicular to the magnetic field across the cavity and is also substantially perpendicular to the reciprocal substantially linear motion of the respective surface contour element within the respective cavity.",
    "3. The polymorphic surface system of claim 1, wherein the controller is adapted to selectively control the current applied to a selected one of the circuit segments.",
    "4. The polymorphic surface system of claim 1, wherein a single magnetic field extends across all of the cavities.",
    "5. The polymorphic surface system of claim 4, wherein the guide structure comprises a magnetized ferromagnetic material to generate the single magnetic field.",
    "6. The polymorphic surface system of claim 1, wherein a plurality of individual magnets are arranged to provide each cavity with its own magnetic field.",
    "7. The polymorphic surface system of claim 6, wherein the individual magnets are internal to the surface contour elements.",
    "8. The polymorphic surface system of claim 6, wherein the individual magnets are electromagnets.",
    "9. The polymorphic surface system of claim 1, wherein the cavities and the surface contour elements received therein are arranged in a regular grid.",
    "10. The polymorphic surface system of claim 1, wherein: each surface contour element has a respective length, width and thickness; the length being measured parallel to the reciprocal substantially linear motion of the respective surface contour element; the length of each surface contour element is substantially greater than its width; and the width of each surface contour element is substantially greater than its thickness.",
    "11. The polymorphic surface system of claim 1, wherein: each surface contour element has a head having a generally planar superior surface; and the heads of the surface contour elements cooperate to form a polymorphic surface.",
    "12. The polymorphic surface system of claim 1, further comprising a resilient surface layer over the surface contour elements.",
    "13. The polymorphic surface system of claim 1, wherein the surface contour elements comprise a magnetic material.",
    "14. The polymorphic surface system of claim 1, wherein the surface contour elements are arranged in the cavities to move substantially in parallel with one another.",
    "15. The polymorphic surface system of claim 1, wherein the cavities are in valve-governed fluid communication with a fluid source for selectively: introducing fluid into the cavities and sealing the fluid within the cavities to support the surface contour elements in the cavity after discontinuing the applied current; and withdrawing the fluid from the cavities to release the surface contour elements.",
    "16. The polymorphic surface system of claim 1, wherein the controller is further adapted to detect a linear position of each surface contour element relative to its respective cavity.",
    "17. The polymorphic surface system of claim 1, wherein the controller is further adapted to detect resistance to substantially linear motion of individual ones of the surface contour elements by comparing an expected rate of substantially linear motion to an actual rate of substantially linear motion.",
    "18. The polymorphic surface system of claim 1, wherein the controller is further adapted to detect induced current across each circuit segment, wherein the induced current is induced by movement of the surface contour element under external force."
  ],
  "description_excerpt": "The present disclosure relates to polymorphic surface systems, that is, to systems having an adjustable surface which can assume a variety of shapes, and to related methods.\n\nComputer imaging technology has advanced dramatically over the past several decades. Computers can now capture detailed three-dimensional image information, such as from laser scanning, medical imaging devices and many other sources, and can also generate three-dimensional image information. However, computers have conventionally been limited in their ability to present such three-dimensional data. Often such data is presented in two-dimensional form on a screen, where much of the richness of the data may be lost.\n\nMore recently, three-dimensional printing technology has enabled computers to generate real three-dimensional models that can be made the subject of not only visual but also tactile examination. While three-dimensional printing can provide considerable advantages, it necessarily consumes material and produces waste if the printed object is ultimately unwanted. Relying solely on three-dimensional printing to enable computers to express three-dimensional data is analogous to a computer which, for two-dimensional data, has a printer but no monitor.\n\nThe present disclosure describes an electronically controllable polymorphic surface system, that is, a system with an adjustable physical surface which can dynamically assume a variety of transitory and/or persistent topographical shapes to represent three-dimensional information.",
  "cpc": [
    "H01F 7/08",
    "B29C 33/307",
    "B29C 33/308",
    "G09F 9/375",
    "H01F 2007/086",
    "H01F 7/064"
  ],
  "ipc": [
    "H01F 1/44",
    "H01F 7/06",
    "H01F 7/08"
  ],
  "assignees": [
    "Maieutic Enterprises Inc"
  ],
  "inventors": [
    "Asif Khan",
    "Nemanja Kliska",
    "Nicholas George Vardy",
    "Alexander Steven Ross"
  ],
  "filing_date": "2015-02-26",
  "publication_date": "2017-01-24",
  "grant_date": "2017-01-24",
  "priority_date": "2014-03-01",
  "application_number": "US-201514633110-A",
  "family_id": "54007094",
  "cited_by_count": 14,
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}