Arsenic removal

{
  "id": "MLC-T-ENV-002129",
  "term": "Arsenic removal",
  "field": "Environment",
  "term_source": "Arsenic Removal",
  "definition": "The primary route of exposure to arsenic for humans is ingestion. . Organic species of arsenic are predominantly found in foodstuffs, such as shellfish, and include such forms as monomethyl arsenic acid (MMAA), dimethyl arsenic acid (DMAA), and arseno-sugars. Inorganic arsenic occurs in two valence states, arsenite (As III) and arsenate (As V). As(III) species consist primarily of arsenious acid (H3AsO3) in natural waters. As(V) species consist primarily of H2AsO4 - and HAsO4 2- in natural waters (Clifford and Lin, 1995). Most natural waters contain the more toxic inorganic forms of arsenic. Natural groundwaters contain predominantle As(III) since reducing conditions prevail. In natural surface waters As(V) is the dominant species. Arsenic removal technologies for drinking water include: Precipitative processes, including coagulation/filtration (C/F), direct filtration, coagulation assisted microfiltration, enhanced coagulation, lime softening (LS), and enhanced lime softening; # Adsorption processes, specifically activated alumina (AA); Ion exchange (IX) processes, specifically anion exchange; Membrane filtration, including reverse osmosis (RO), and electrodialysis reversal (EDR). Alternative treatment processes specifcally greensand filtration; and Point-of-use (POU) devices.",
  "subject": "Environmental events",
  "references": [
    "EPA Technologies and Costs for Removal of Arsenic from Drinking Water EPA 815-R-00-028 December 2000 at http://water.epa.gov/drink/info/arsenic/upload/2005_11_10_arsenic_treatments_and_costs.pdf"
  ],
  "url": "https://mlchart.com/terminology/environment/arsenic-removal/"
}