Case-control Study

{
  "id": "MLC-T-ENV-004292",
  "term": "Case-control Study",
  "field": "Environment",
  "definition": "1. An epidemiologic study contrasting those with the disease of interest (cases) to those without the disease (controls). The groups are then compared with respect to exposure history, to ascertain whether they differ in the proportion exposed to the chemical(s) under investigation.\n\n2. A study that compares exposures of people who have a disease or condition (cases) with people who do not have the disease or condition (controls). Exposures that are more common among the cases may be considered as possible risk factors for the disease.\n\n3. A type of observational analytic study. Enrollment into the study is based on presence (\"case\") or absence (\"control\") of disease. Characteristics such as previous exposure are then compared between cases and controls.\n\n4. A retrospective observational study designed to determine the relationship between a particular outcome of interest (e.g., disease or condition) and a potential cause (e.g., an intervention, risk factor, or exposure). Investigators identify a group of patients with a specified outcome (cases) and a group of patients without the specified outcome (controls). Investigators then compare the histories of the cases and the controls to determine the rate or level at which each group experienced a potential cause. As such, this study design leads from outcome (disease or condition) to cause (intervention, risk factor, or exposure).\n\n5. An observational analytic study that enrolls one group of persons with a certain disease, chronic condition, or type of injury (case-patients) and a group of persons without the health problem (control subjects) and compares differences in exposures, behaviors, and other characteristics to identify and quantify associations, test hypotheses, and identify causes.\n\n6. An epidemiologic study contrasting those with the disease of interest (cases) to those without the disease (controls). The groups are then compared with respect to exposure history, to ascertain whether they differ in the proportion exposed to the chemical(s) under investigation. [EPA 2003]\n\n7. A study that compares exposures of people who have a disease or condition (cases) with people who do not have the disease or condition (controls). Exposures that are more common among the cases may be considered as possible risk factors for the disease. [ATSDR 2004]\n\n8. A type of observational analytic study. Enrollment into the study is based on presence (\"case\") or absence (\"control\") of disease. Characteristics such as previous exposure are then compared between cases and controls. [CDC 2005]\n\n9. A retrospective observational study designed to determine the relationship between a particular outcome of interest (e.g., disease or condition) and a potential cause (e.g., an intervention, risk factor, or exposure). Investigators identify a group of patients with a specified outcome (cases) and a group of patients without the specified outcome (controls). Investigators then compare the histories of the cases and the controls to determine the rate or level at which each group experienced a potential cause. As such, this study design leads from outcome (disease or condition) to cause (intervention, risk factor, or exposure). [NLM/NICHSR 2004]\n\n10. An inquiry in which groups of individuals are selected in terms of whether they do (the cases) or do not (the controls) have the disease of which the etiology is to be studied, and the groups are then compared with respect to existing or past characteristics judged to be of possible relevance to the etiology of the disease. [RAIS 2004, SRA 2004]",
  "subject": "Health and safety",
  "references": [
    "Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) Glossary; EPA 2003",
    "ATSDR 2004",
    "CDC 2005",
    "NLM/NICHSR 2004",
    "CDC Glossary of Epidemiology Terms",
    "Thesaurus of Terms Used in Microbial Risk Assessment"
  ],
  "url": "https://mlchart.com/terminology/environment/case-control-study/"
}