Chlorofluorocarbon

{
  "id": "MLC-T-ENV-004911",
  "term": "Chlorofluorocarbon",
  "field": "Environment",
  "definitions": [
    "A compound consisting of chlorine, fluorine, and carbon. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are very stable in the troposphere. They move to the stratosphere and are broken down by strong ultraviolet light, where they release chlorine atoms that then deplete the ozone layer. CFCs were commonly used as refrigerants, solvents, and foam blowing agents. The most common CFCs were CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, CFC-114, and CFC-115. CFCs have been phased out in the United States, with a few exceptions.",
    "1. A family of inert, nontoxic, and easily liquefied chemicals used in refrigeration, air conditioning, packaging, insulation, or as solvents and aerosol propellants. Because CFCs are not destroyed in the lower atmosphere they drift into the upper atmosphere where their chlorine components destroy ozone.\n\n2. A family of chemicals commonly used in air conditioners and refrigerators as coolants and also as solvents and aerosol propellants. CFCs drift into the upper atmosphere where their chlorine components destroy ozone. CFCs are thought to be a major cause of the ozone hole over Antarctica.\n\n3. Gases covered under the 1987 Montreal Protocol and used for refrigeration, air conditioning, packaging, insulation, solvents, or aerosol propellants. Since they are not destroyed in the lower atmosphere, CFCs drift into the upper atmosphere where, given suitable conditions, they break down ozone. These gases are being replaced by other compounds: hydrochlorofluorocarbons, an interim replacement for CFCs that are also covered under the Montreal Protocol, and hydrofluorocarbons, which are covered under the Kyoto Protocol. All these substances are also greenhouse gases. See hydrochlorofluorocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, ozone depleting substance.\n\n4. Organic compounds made up of atoms of carbon, chlorine, and fluorine. An example is CFC-12 (CCI2F2), used as a refrigerant in refrigerators and air conditioners and as a foam blowing agent. Gaseous CFCs can deplete the ozone layer when they slowly rise into the stratosphere, are broken down by strong ultraviolet radiation, release chlorine atoms, and then react with ozone molecules. See Ozone Depleting Substance.\n\n5. A compound consisting of chlorine, fluorine, and carbon. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are very stable in the troposphere. They move to the stratosphere and are broken down by strong ultraviolet light, where they release chlorine atoms that then deplete the ozone layer. CFCs were commonly used as refrigerants, solvents, and foam blowing agents. The most common CFCs were CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, CFC-114, and CFC-115. CFCs have been phased out in the United States, with a few exceptions.\n\n6. Organic compounds made up of atoms of carbon, chlorine, and fluorine. An example is CFC-12, used as a refrigerant in refrigerators and air conditioners and as a foam blowing agent. Gaseous CFCs can deplete the ozone layer when they slowly rise into the stratosphere, are broken down by strong ultraviolet radiation, release chlorine atoms, and then react with ozone molecules.\n\n7. Manufactured substances used as coolants and computer-chip cleaners. When these products break down they destroy stratospheric ozone, creating the Antarctic Ozone Hole in the Southern Hemisphere spring (Northern Hemisphere autumn). While no longer in use, their long lifetime will lead to a very slow removal from the atmosphere.\n\n8. A family of compounds of chlorine, fluorine, and carbon, entirely of industrial origin. CFCs include refrigerants, propellants for spray cans (this usage is banned in the U.S., although some other countries permit it) and for blowing plastic-foam insulation, styrofoam packaging, and solvents for cleaning electronic circuit boards. The compounds' lifetimes vary over a wide range, exceeding 100 years in some cases. CFCs' ability to destroy stratospheric ozone through catalytic cycles is contributing to the depletion of ozone worldwide. Because CFCs are such stable molecules, they do not react easily with other chemicals in the lower atmosphere. One of the few forces that can break up CFC molecules is ultraviolet radiation, however the ozone layer protects the CFCs from ultraviolet radiation in the lower atmosphere. CFC molecules are then able to migrate intact into the stratosphere, where the molecules are bombarded by ultraviolet rays, causing the CFCs to break up and release their chlorine atoms. The released chlorine atoms participate in ozone destruction, with a single atom of chlorine able to destroy ozone molecules over and over again. International attention to CFCs resulted in a meeting of diplomats from around the world in Montreal in 1987. They forged a treaty that called for drastic reductions in the production of CFCs. In 1990, diplomats met in London and voted to significantly strengthen the Montreal Protocol by calling for a complete elimination of CFCs by the year 2000.\n\n9. Any substance listed as Class I group I or Class I group III in 40 CFR part 82, appendix A to subpart A.Class II.\n\n10. Compound consisting of chlorine, fluorine, and carbon. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are very stable in the troposphere. They move to the stratosphere and are broken down by strong ultraviolet light, where they release chlorine atoms that then deplete the ozone layer. CFCs were commonly used as refrigerants, solvents, and foam blowing agents. The most common CFCs were CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, CFC-114, and CFC-115. CFCs have been phased out in the United States, with a few exceptions.\n\n11. Gases covered under the 1987 Montreal Protocol and used for refrigeration, air conditioning, packaging, insulation, solvents, or aerosol propellants. Since they are not destroyed in the lower atmosphere, CFCs drift into the upper atmosphere where, given suitable conditions, they break down ozone. These gases are being replaced by other compounds: hydrochlorofluorocarbons, an interim replacement for CFCs that are also covered under the Montreal Protocol, and hydrofluorocarbons, which are covered under the Kyoto Protocol. All these substances are also greenhouse gases."
  ],
  "abbreviation": [
    "CFC",
    "CFCs"
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    "CFC"
  ],
  "subject": [
    "Air",
    "Chemical substances"
  ],
  "references": [
    "Ozone Layer Protection Glossary",
    "Terms of Env; Greening EPA Glossary; Terms of Environment",
    "Environmental Issues Terms & Acronyms; Pesticides Glossary",
    "Glossary of Climate Change Terms",
    "Greenhouse Gas Emissions",
    "Greenhouse Emissions Glossary",
    "NOAA National Weather Service Glossary",
    "NASA Earth Observatory Glossary",
    "40 CFR 82.62 (CFR 2013)"
  ],
  "url": "https://mlchart.com/terminology/environment/chlorofluorocarbon/"
}