Indirect Effect

{
  "id": "MLC-T-ENV-014112",
  "term": "Indirect Effect",
  "field": "Environment",
  "definition": "1. An effect where the stressor acts on supporting components of the ecosystem, which in turn have an effect on the ecological component of interest.\n\n2. Change in a resource due to indirect causation.\n\n3. Indirect impacts are \"caused by the action and are later in time or farther removed in distance, but are still reasonably foreseeable\" (40 C.F.R. § 1508.8).\n\n4. The impact on a species caused by affecting the species' competitors, predators, or mutualists (Dunning et al. 1992:173);\n\n5. The impact of toxic chemicals on a species by directly affecting interactions between species. Examples are disruptions in food resources or habitat changes that affect competitive interactions, biomagnification up the food chain, and impacts on populations parasites, symbionts, pollinators, etc. (Harwell and Harwell 1989:521).\n\n6. Indirect effects, which are caused by the action and are later in time or farther removed in distance, but are still reasonably foreseeable. Indirect effects may include growth inducing effects and other effects related to induced changes in the pattern of land use, population density or growth rate, and related effects on air and water and other natural systems, including ecosystems.",
  "subject": "Information management and systems",
  "references": [
    "Waste and Cleanup Risk Assessment Glossary",
    "CADDIS Glossary",
    "Environmental Review Training for Special Appropriations Grants Glossary",
    "USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center Glossary of Avian Terms For Use in Avian Conservation Biology",
    "40 CFR 1508.1 (2022)"
  ],
  "url": "https://mlchart.com/terminology/environment/indirect-effect/"
}