Hydromorphone hydrochloride

{
  "id": "MLC-T-ONC-004043",
  "term": "Hydromorphone hydrochloride",
  "field": "Oncology and biomedicine",
  "definitions": [
    "A drug used to treat moderate to severe pain. It may also be used to treat certain types of cough. Hydromorphone hydrochloride is made from morphine and binds to opioid receptors in the central nervous system. It is a type of opioid and a type of analgesic agent. Also called Dilaudid, Exalgo, and Hydrostat IR.",
    "The hydrochloride salt of the semi-synthetic opioid hydromorphone with analgesic activity. Hydromorphone, the hydrogenated ketone of morphine, selectively binds the mu-opioid receptor, a G protein-coupled receptor. Binding stimulates the exchange of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) for guanosine diphosphate (GDP) on the G-protein complex, resulting in inhibition of plasma membrane-associated adenylate cyclase (AC) and a reduction in intracellular cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels. Due to a reduction in cAMP levels, voltage-gated potassium channels are activated, resulting in neuronal hyperpolarization and a reduction in neuronal excitability. In addition, this agent inhibits the opening of voltage-gated calcium channels, resulting in inhibition of calcium entry into neuronal cells and a reduction in the release of nociceptive neurotransmitters such as substance P and glutamate."
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    "Dilaudid",
    "Exalgo",
    "Hydrostat IR"
  ],
  "references": [
    "NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms",
    "National Cancer Institute Thesaurus"
  ],
  "url": "https://mlchart.com/terminology/oncology/hydromorphone-hydrochloride/"
}