Codeine phosphate

{
  "id": "MLC-T-ONC-001875",
  "term": "Codeine phosphate",
  "field": "Oncology and biomedicine",
  "definitions": [
    "A drug used to treat mild to moderate pain, cough, and diarrhea. It is made from opium or morphine. Codeine phosphate works by binding to mu opioid receptors on cells in the central nervous system. This blocks pain signals and changes how the body responds to pain. It also helps decrease activity in the part of the brain that causes coughing. When used for diarrhea, it slows the movement of the muscles in the intestines, giving the body more time to absorb water and electrolytes from feces (waste matter). This results in firmer and less frequent bowel movements. Codeine phosphate is a type of opiate, a type of analgesic agent (pain reliever), a type of antitussive agent (cough suppressant), and a type of antidiarrheal agent.",
    "The phosphate salt of codeine, a naturally occurring phenanthrene alkaloid and opioid agonist with analgesic, antidiarrheal and antitussive activities. Codeine mimics the actions of endogenous opioids by binding to the opioid receptors at many sites within the central nervous system (CNS). Stimulation of mu-subtype opioid receptors results in a decrease in the release of nociceptive neurotransmitters such as substance P, GABA, dopamine, acetylcholine and noradrenaline; in addition, the codeine metabolite morphine induces opening of G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels and blocks the opening of N-type voltage-gated calcium channels, resulting in hyperpolarization and reduced neuronal excitability. Stimulation of gut mu-subtype opioid receptors results in a reduction in intestinal motility and delayed intestinal transit times. Antitussive activity is mediated through codeine’s action on the cough center in the medulla."
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    "tricodein"
  ],
  "references": [
    "NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms",
    "National Cancer Institute Thesaurus"
  ],
  "url": "https://mlchart.com/terminology/oncology/codeine-phosphate/"
}