Patent · US10099458B2 · B2 · US

Reversible adhesive compositions and related methods

(11) Publication number

US10099458B2

(21) Application number

15/078,333

(22) Filing date

2016-03-23

(30) Priority date

2015-03-23

(43) Publication date

2018-10-16

(45) Date of grant

2018-10-16

(51) IPC

B29C 65/00; B29C 65/14; B29C 65/36; B29C 65/48; B29C 65/50; B29C 65/56; B29C 65/76; B29C 65/82; B29K 105/16; B29L 31/30; B32B 27/08; B32B 27/34; B32B 27/38; C08K 3/04; C08K 3/08; C08K 3/22; C08K 7/06; C08K 7/18; C08K 9/02; C09J 177/02; F16B 11/00; H01F 1/14; H01F 1/44

(52) CPC

B32B Layered products, i.e. products built-up of strata of flat or non-flat, e.g. cellular or honeycomb, form: 27/34, 27/08, 27/38
B29C Shaping or joining of plastics; shaping of material in a plastic state, not otherwise provided for; after-treatment of the shaped products, e.g. repairing: 2035/0811, 2035/0855, 35/0272, 65/1425, 65/148, 65/3612, 65/368, 65/3696, 65/4815, 65/4855, 65/4875, 65/4885, 65/489, 65/5071, 65/5085, 65/76, 65/7823, 65/8207, 66/112, 66/1122, 66/1142, 66/1162, 66/1222, 66/1224, 66/12441, 66/131, 66/14, 66/30326, 66/322, 66/43, 66/43441, 66/71, 66/721, 66/7212, 66/7392, 66/7394, 66/742, 66/7422, 66/74283, 66/8322, 66/83221, 66/919, 66/9192, 73/02, 73/34
B29K Indexing scheme associated with subclasses B29B, B29C or B29D, relating to moulding materials or to materials for {moulds, } reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts: 2063/00, 2077/00, 2105/162, 2307/04, 2309/08
B29L Indexing scheme associated with subclass B29C, relating to particular articles: 2031/30, 2031/3076
C08K Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients: 2003/2227, 2201/01, 3/04, 3/041, 3/042, 3/046, 3/08, 3/22, 7/06, 7/18, 9/02
C08L Compositions of macromolecular compounds: 23/00, 23/0853, 33/08, 53/00, 55/02, 67/00, 69/00, 75/04, 77/00
C09J Adhesives; non-mechanical aspects of adhesive processes in general; adhesive processes not provided for elsewhere; use of materials as adhesives: 177/02
F16B Devices for fastening or securing constructional elements or machine parts together, e.g. nails, bolts, circlips, clamps, clips or wedges; joints or jointing: 11/006
H01F Magnets; inductances; transformers; selection of materials for their magnetic properties: 1/447

(73) Assignee

Michigan State University MSU

(72) Inventors

Mahmoodul Haq; Lawrence T. Drzal; Ermias G. Koricho

(54) Title

Reversible adhesive compositions and related methods

(57) Abstract

The disclosure relates to reversible bonded structural joints using active adhesive compositions that can allow for dis-assembly, repair, and re-assembly. The disclosure is particularly directed to the adhesive composition material, irrespective of the type of the substrate(s) being joined. The adhesive composition can include any thermoplastic adhesive material that can be remotely activated for targeted heating of just the adhesive composition (e.g., and not the surrounding substrates being joined) via the inclusion of electromagnetically excitable particles in the adhesive composition. The substrates can be any metal material, any composite material, any hybrid material, or otherwise. The disclosed adhesive compositions allow for recyclability of parts at the end of their lifetime and repair/replacement of parts during their lifetime.

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Claims (26)

A method for disassembling a part, the method comprising: (a) providing an assembled part comprising an adhesive composition comprising (i) a thermoplastic polymer matrix, and (ii) electromagnetically excitable particles distributed throughout the thermoplastic polymer matrix, the adhesive composition being in a solid state and in contact with and bonded to a first surface and a second surface at a joint interface of the assembled part; (b) directing electromagnetic radiation to the adhesive composition to heat the adhesive composition and to transform the adhesive composition to a flowable or moldable state, wherein heating of the adhesive composition does not exceed a thermal degradation temperature of the thermoplastic polymer in the adhesive composition; and (c) separating the first surface from the second surface.
The method of claim 1, further comprising: (d) re-contacting the adhesive composition with the first surface and the second surface at the joint interface, directing electromagnetic radiation to the adhesive composition to heat the adhesive composition and to transform the adhesive composition to flowable or moldable state, and removing the electromagnetic radiation and cooling the adhesive composition, thereby transforming the adhesive composition to a solid state in contact with and bonded to the first surface and the second surface at the joint interface.
The method of claim 1, further comprising: (d) providing a third surface as a replacement for the second surface; and (e) contacting the adhesive composition with the first surface and the third surface at the joint interface, directing electromagnetic radiation to the adhesive composition to heat the adhesive composition and to transform the adhesive composition to flowable or moldable state, and removing the electromagnetic radiation and cooling the adhesive composition, thereby transforming the adhesive composition to a solid state in contact with and bonded to the first surface and the third surface at the joint interface.
The method of claim 3, wherein the third surface has the same shape and/or is formed from the same material as the second surface.
The method of claim 1, wherein: (i) the electromagnetically excitable particles comprise a carbon material; and (ii) the electromagnetic radiation comprises microwave radiation.
The method of claim 1, wherein: (i) the electromagnetically excitable particles comprise a metallic material; and (ii) the electromagnetic radiation comprises a variable magnetic field generating electromagnetic induction.
The method of claim 1, wherein: (i) the electromagnetically excitable particles comprise at least one a carbon material and at least one metallic material; and (ii) the electromagnetic radiation comprises at least one of microwave radiation and a variable magnetic field generating electromagnetic induction.
The method of claim 1, wherein: (i) the first surface is a surface of a first substrate; (ii) the second surface is a surface of a second substrate separate from the first substrate.
The method of claim 1, wherein the first surface and the second surface are surfaces of a single substrate.
The method of claim 1, wherein the first surface and the second surface are formed from different materials.
The method of claim 10, wherein the first surface comprises a metal material, and the second surface comprises a polymeric material.
The method of claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyamides, polyesters, polyurethanes, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolymers, styrene block copolymers, polycarbonates, polyolefins, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, ethylene-acrylate copolymers, and combinations thereof.
The method of claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic polymer is in a solid state at a temperature ranging from 20°C. to 30°C.
The method of claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic polymer is present in the adhesive composition in an amount ranging from 50 wt. % to 99.9 wt. %.
The method of claim 1,, wherein the electromagnetically excitable particles comprise a chemical functionalization moiety for compatibilization with the thermoplastic polymer matrix.
The method of claim 1, wherein the electromagnetically excitable particles comprise one or more of a carbon material and a metallic material.
The method of claim 1, wherein the electromagnetically excitable particles comprise at least one carbon material and at least one metallic material.
The method of claim 1, wherein the electromagnetically excitable particles are selected from the group consisting of ferromagnetic nanoparticles, graphene nanoplatelets, alumina nanoparticles, metal-doped graphene microparticles, metal-doped graphene nanoparticles, and combinations thereof.
The method of claim 1, wherein the electromagnetically excitable particles comprise carbon.
The method of claim 19, wherein the electromagnetically excitable particles are selected from the group consisting of graphite particles, exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, carbon black, and combinations thereof.
The method of claim 1, wherein the electromagnetically excitable particles comprise ferromagnetic nanoparticles.
The method of claim 1, wherein the electromagnetically excitable particles are present in the adhesive composition in an amount ranging from 0.1 wt. % to 20 wt. %.
The method of claim 1, wherein the electromagnetically excitable particles comprise nanoparticles having a size ranging from 1 nm to 1000 nm.
The method of claim 1, wherein the electromagnetically excitable particles comprise microparticles having a size ranging from 1 μm to 100 μm.
The method of claim 1, wherein the adhesive composition further comprises: one or more additives selected from the group consisting of tackifying resins, waxes, plasticizers, antioxidants, ultraviolet stabilizers, colorants, biocides, flame retardants, antistatic agents, fillers, and combinations thereof.
The method of claim 25, wherein the additives are present in the adhesive composition in an amount ranging from 0.5 wt. % to 40 wt. %.

Description

Lightweight and reliable dissimilar material joining is of special interest in automotive, aerospace, defense and marine industries. Conventional and well-established methods for dissimilar materials joining include friction stir welding (FSW), ultrasonic welding, arc welding, laser welding, plasma welding, explosive welding/bonding using chemical explosives, conventional brazing or soldering, rivets, bolts, and other conventional mechanical fasteners, conventional adhesive joining. However, each of those techniques has its own advantages and drawbacks.

Friction stir welding (FSW) is widely used. The solid-state nature of FSW leads to a number of advantages over fusion welding methods since porosity, solute redistribution, solidification cracking and liquidation cracking do not arise during FSW. Nevertheless, FSW has many inherent limitations as it cannot efficiently join metals-to-composites. Plus, the weld material usually does not accommodate large deformations due to insufficient weld temperatures and may lead to tunnel-like defects. A so-called “kissing bond” is also a common defect due to minimal contact between materials. Finally, lack-of-penetration defects due to reduced length of the pin can be a potential for fatigue cracks.

Ultrasonic welding is a well-established technique for joining both hard and soft materials, such as semi-crystalline plastics, and metals. But it does not allow for joining of thick materials, making it difficult to join metals. Arc welding, another joining technique, is an important process for the fabrication of steel structures and vehicles.

Citations (3)

US5338611A
US20050274454A1
US20100273008A1

Record as JSON

{
  "publication_number": "US10099458B2",
  "country": "US",
  "kind": "B2",
  "title": "Reversible adhesive compositions and related methods",
  "abstract": "The disclosure relates to reversible bonded structural joints using active adhesive compositions that can allow for dis-assembly, repair, and re-assembly. The disclosure is particularly directed to the adhesive composition material, irrespective of the type of the substrate(s) being joined. The adhesive composition can include any thermoplastic adhesive material that can be remotely activated for targeted heating of just the adhesive composition (e.g., and not the surrounding substrates being joined) via the inclusion of electromagnetically excitable particles in the adhesive composition. The substrates can be any metal material, any composite material, any hybrid material, or otherwise. The disclosed adhesive compositions allow for recyclability of parts at the end of their lifetime and repair/replacement of parts during their lifetime.",
  "claims": [
    "1. A method for disassembling a part, the method comprising: (a) providing an assembled part comprising an adhesive composition comprising (i) a thermoplastic polymer matrix, and (ii) electromagnetically excitable particles distributed throughout the thermoplastic polymer matrix, the adhesive composition being in a solid state and in contact with and bonded to a first surface and a second surface at a joint interface of the assembled part; (b) directing electromagnetic radiation to the adhesive composition to heat the adhesive composition and to transform the adhesive composition to a flowable or moldable state, wherein heating of the adhesive composition does not exceed a thermal degradation temperature of the thermoplastic polymer in the adhesive composition; and (c) separating the first surface from the second surface.",
    "2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: (d) re-contacting the adhesive composition with the first surface and the second surface at the joint interface, directing electromagnetic radiation to the adhesive composition to heat the adhesive composition and to transform the adhesive composition to flowable or moldable state, and removing the electromagnetic radiation and cooling the adhesive composition, thereby transforming the adhesive composition to a solid state in contact with and bonded to the first surface and the second surface at the joint interface.",
    "3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: (d) providing a third surface as a replacement for the second surface; and (e) contacting the adhesive composition with the first surface and the third surface at the joint interface, directing electromagnetic radiation to the adhesive composition to heat the adhesive composition and to transform the adhesive composition to flowable or moldable state, and removing the electromagnetic radiation and cooling the adhesive composition, thereby transforming the adhesive composition to a solid state in contact with and bonded to the first surface and the third surface at the joint interface.",
    "4. The method of claim 3, wherein the third surface has the same shape and/or is formed from the same material as the second surface.",
    "5. The method of claim 1, wherein: (i) the electromagnetically excitable particles comprise a carbon material; and (ii) the electromagnetic radiation comprises microwave radiation.",
    "6. The method of claim 1, wherein: (i) the electromagnetically excitable particles comprise a metallic material; and (ii) the electromagnetic radiation comprises a variable magnetic field generating electromagnetic induction.",
    "7. The method of claim 1, wherein: (i) the electromagnetically excitable particles comprise at least one a carbon material and at least one metallic material; and (ii) the electromagnetic radiation comprises at least one of microwave radiation and a variable magnetic field generating electromagnetic induction.",
    "8. The method of claim 1, wherein: (i) the first surface is a surface of a first substrate; (ii) the second surface is a surface of a second substrate separate from the first substrate.",
    "9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first surface and the second surface are surfaces of a single substrate.",
    "10. The method of claim 1, wherein the first surface and the second surface are formed from different materials.",
    "11. The method of claim 10, wherein the first surface comprises a metal material, and the second surface comprises a polymeric material.",
    "12. The method of claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyamides, polyesters, polyurethanes, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolymers, styrene block copolymers, polycarbonates, polyolefins, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, ethylene-acrylate copolymers, and combinations thereof.",
    "13. The method of claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic polymer is in a solid state at a temperature ranging from 20°C. to 30°C.",
    "14. The method of claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic polymer is present in the adhesive composition in an amount ranging from 50 wt. % to 99.9 wt. %.",
    "15. The method of claim 1,, wherein the electromagnetically excitable particles comprise a chemical functionalization moiety for compatibilization with the thermoplastic polymer matrix.",
    "16. The method of claim 1, wherein the electromagnetically excitable particles comprise one or more of a carbon material and a metallic material.",
    "17. The method of claim 1, wherein the electromagnetically excitable particles comprise at least one carbon material and at least one metallic material.",
    "18. The method of claim 1, wherein the electromagnetically excitable particles are selected from the group consisting of ferromagnetic nanoparticles, graphene nanoplatelets, alumina nanoparticles, metal-doped graphene microparticles, metal-doped graphene nanoparticles, and combinations thereof.",
    "19. The method of claim 1, wherein the electromagnetically excitable particles comprise carbon.",
    "20. The method of claim 19, wherein the electromagnetically excitable particles are selected from the group consisting of graphite particles, exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, carbon black, and combinations thereof.",
    "21. The method of claim 1, wherein the electromagnetically excitable particles comprise ferromagnetic nanoparticles.",
    "22. The method of claim 1, wherein the electromagnetically excitable particles are present in the adhesive composition in an amount ranging from 0.1 wt. % to 20 wt. %.",
    "23. The method of claim 1, wherein the electromagnetically excitable particles comprise nanoparticles having a size ranging from 1 nm to 1000 nm.",
    "24. The method of claim 1, wherein the electromagnetically excitable particles comprise microparticles having a size ranging from 1 μm to 100 μm.",
    "25. The method of claim 1, wherein the adhesive composition further comprises: one or more additives selected from the group consisting of tackifying resins, waxes, plasticizers, antioxidants, ultraviolet stabilizers, colorants, biocides, flame retardants, antistatic agents, fillers, and combinations thereof.",
    "26. The method of claim 25, wherein the additives are present in the adhesive composition in an amount ranging from 0.5 wt. % to 40 wt. %."
  ],
  "description_excerpt": "Lightweight and reliable dissimilar material joining is of special interest in automotive, aerospace, defense and marine industries. Conventional and well-established methods for dissimilar materials joining include friction stir welding (FSW), ultrasonic welding, arc welding, laser welding, plasma welding, explosive welding/bonding using chemical explosives, conventional brazing or soldering, rivets, bolts, and other conventional mechanical fasteners, conventional adhesive joining. However, each of those techniques has its own advantages and drawbacks.\n\nFriction stir welding (FSW) is widely used. The solid-state nature of FSW leads to a number of advantages over fusion welding methods since porosity, solute redistribution, solidification cracking and liquidation cracking do not arise during FSW. Nevertheless, FSW has many inherent limitations as it cannot efficiently join metals-to-composites. Plus, the weld material usually does not accommodate large deformations due to insufficient weld temperatures and may lead to tunnel-like defects. A so-called “kissing bond” is also a common defect due to minimal contact between materials. Finally, lack-of-penetration defects due to reduced length of the pin can be a potential for fatigue cracks.\n\nUltrasonic welding is a well-established technique for joining both hard and soft materials, such as semi-crystalline plastics, and metals. But it does not allow for joining of thick materials, making it difficult to join metals. Arc welding, another joining technique, is an important process for the fabrication of steel structures and vehicles.",
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    "F16B 11/006",
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  "ipc": [
    "B29C 65/00",
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  "assignees": [
    "Michigan State University MSU"
  ],
  "inventors": [
    "Mahmoodul Haq",
    "Lawrence T. Drzal",
    "Ermias G. Koricho"
  ],
  "filing_date": "2016-03-23",
  "publication_date": "2018-10-16",
  "grant_date": "2018-10-16",
  "priority_date": "2015-03-23",
  "application_number": "US-201615078333-A",
  "family_id": "56974696",
  "cited_by_count": 22,
  "citations": [
    "US5338611A",
    "US20050274454A1",
    "US20100273008A1"
  ]
}

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