Methods for joining components by heat staking

{
  "publication_number": "US10099423B2",
  "country": "US",
  "kind": "B2",
  "title": "Methods for joining components by heat staking",
  "abstract": "The present technology discloses methods for joining a first workpiece and a second workpiece through a heat stake, and products formed thereby. The first workpiece has an aperture configured to receive a stud positioned on a second workpiece. The system is formed by applying energy to the first workpiece using electrodes, which indirectly heats the stud, at least partially softening material of the stud. Pressure is then applied to the softened material of the stud, and causing the material to form according to a predetermined geometry. After pressure is released, the stud forms a stake forming an interlocked joint connecting the workpieces.",
  "claims": [
    "1. A method, for joining a first workpiece to a second workpiece, the first workpiece having a first surface, a second surface opposite the first surface, and an aperture having a first width, the second workpiece having a third surface and a stud extending from the third surface, the method comprising: positioning the first workpiece adjacent the second workpiece with the second surface contacting the third surface and the stud extending through the aperture; positioning, axial to a centerline of the stud, an electrical-conducting punching device comprising (i) a first electrode arranged and configured to contact the first surface adjacent the aperture and adjacent the stud, (ii) a second electrode, connectably attached to and electrically isolated from the first electrode and arranged and configured to contact the first surface adjacent the aperture and adjacent the stud, and (iii) a punch movably positioned between the first electrode and the second electrode within the electrical-conducing punching device; applying energy using the first electrode to heat a first portion of the first surface of the first workpiece and the second electrode to heat a second portion of the first surface of the first workpiece, wherein the energy is applied to the first portion and the second portion to soften material of the stud; and compressing, using the punch, the softened material of the stud, yielding a stake forming a joint connecting the first workpiece and the second workpiece.",
    "2. The method of claim 1 wherein the first electrode and the second electrode form a passage between them having a second width being greater than the first width.",
    "3. The method of claim 1 wherein the punch includes a probe tip having a third width being greater than the first width.",
    "4. The method of claim 1 wherein the punch includes a probe tip having a cavity of a first predetermined geometry, forming in the stake a convex head corresponding to the first predetermined geometry.",
    "5. The method of claim 1 further comprising an insulator positioned between the first electrode and the second electrode to electrically isolate the first electrode and the second electrode.",
    "6. The method of claim 1 wherein the first workpiece includes, at least partially surrounding the aperture, an embossed pattern having protrusions on the first surface and indentations on the second surface, the protrusions configured to enhance interlock between the first surface and the softened material of the stud when compared to interlock between the first surface and the softened material when protrusions are not present and the indentations configured to enhance interlock between the second surface and the third surface when compared to interlock between the second surface and the third surface when the indentations are not present.",
    "7. The method of claim 1 further comprising positioning, between the first surface and an edge of a probe tip, a washer to contact the first surface.",
    "8. A method, for joining a first workpiece to a second workpiece, the first workpiece having a first surface, a second surface opposite the first surface, and an aperture having a first width, the second workpiece having a third surface and a stud extending from the third surface, the method comprising: positioning the first workpiece adjacent the second workpiece with the second surface contacting the third surface and the stud extending through the aperture; positioning, axial to a centerline of the stud, an electrical-conducting punching device comprising (i) a first electrode arranged and configured to contact a first portion of the first surface adjacent the aperture and adjacent the stud, (ii) a second electrode arranged and configured to contact a second portion of the first surface adjacent the aperture and adjacent the stud, (iii) an insulator positioned between the first electrode and the second electrode, and (iv) a punch movably positioned between the first electrode and the second electrode within the electrical-conducing punching device; applying energy using the first electrode to heat the first portion of the first surface and the second electrode to heat the second portion of the first surface, wherein the energy applied to the first portion and the second portion to soften material of the stud; and compressing, using the punch, the softened material of the stud, yielding a stake forming a joint connecting the first workpiece and the second workpiece.",
    "9. The method of claim 8 wherein the first electrode and the second electrode form a passage between them having a second width being greater than the first width.",
    "10. The method of claim 8 wherein the punch includes a probe tip having a third width being greater than the first width.",
    "11. The method of claim 8 wherein the punch includes a probe tip having a cavity of a first predetermined geometry, forming in the stake a convex head corresponding to the first predetermined geometry.",
    "12. The method of claim 8 wherein the first workpiece includes, at least partially surrounding the aperture, an embossed pattern having protrusions on the first surface and indentations on the second surface, the protrusions configured to enhance interlock between the first surface and the softened material of the stud when compared to interlock between the first surface and the softened material when protrusions are not present and the indentations configured to enhance interlock between the second surface and the third surface when compared to interlock between the second surface and the third surface when the indentations are not present.",
    "13. The method of claim 8 further comprising positioning, between the first surface and an edge of a probe tip, a washer to contact the first surface."
  ],
  "description_excerpt": "The present technology relates generally to joining components. More specifically, the present technology relates to systems and methods for joining workpieces using heat staking.\n\nJoining workpieces with similar or dissimilar material properties has become increasingly important as industries strive for reduced weight and improved performance from engineering structures such as automotive, aeronautical, and nautical, among others. Staking has the capacity to join dissimilar plastics to one another or join plastics to other materials (e.g., metal). Staking has the advantage over other mechanical joining methods in eliminating the need for additional components such as rivets and screws.\n\nTraditional staking connects workpieces by creating an interference with a first workpiece including a hole and a second workpiece including a stud that inserts into the hole of the first workpiece. A staking punch is then used to compress the stud axially, which reforms material within the stud into a stake that permanently joins the workpieces without the use of additional components such as screws and rivets.\n\nSimilar to traditional staking, heat staking begins with a plastic stud on a second workpiece being inserted into a hole located within the first workpiece. However, in heat staking, material within the plastic stud is reformed using controlled heating and melting to produce a stake which mechanically locks the workpieces together without the use of additional components such as screws and rivets.",
  "cpc": [
    "B29C 65/606",
    "B29C 65/18",
    "B29C 65/30",
    "B29C 65/3408",
    "B29C 65/3476",
    "B29C 65/64",
    "B29C 66/1122",
    "B29C 66/21",
    "B29C 66/45",
    "B29C 66/71",
    "B29C 66/721",
    "B29C 66/7212",
    "B29C 66/7392",
    "B29C 66/73921",
    "B29C 66/742",
    "B29C 66/7422",
    "B29C 66/81875",
    "B29C 66/81885",
    "B29C 66/8322",
    "B29K 2023/00",
    "B29K 2023/06",
    "B29K 2023/12",
    "B29K 2033/08",
    "B29K 2033/12",
    "B29K 2055/02",
    "B29K 2067/003",
    "B29K 2067/006",
    "B29K 2069/00",
    "B29K 2077/00",
    "B29K 2307/04",
    "B29K 2309/08",
    "B29K 2309/14",
    "F16B 43/00",
    "F16B 5/045"
  ],
  "ipc": [
    "B29C 65/00",
    "B29C 65/18",
    "B29C 65/30",
    "B29C 65/34",
    "B29C 65/60",
    "B29C 65/64",
    "F16B 43/00",
    "F16B 5/04"
  ],
  "assignees": [
    "GM Global Technology Operations LLC"
  ],
  "inventors": [
    "Pei-Chung Wang",
    "Bradley J. Blaski"
  ],
  "filing_date": "2015-02-28",
  "publication_date": "2018-10-16",
  "grant_date": "2018-10-16",
  "priority_date": "2015-02-28",
  "application_number": "US-201514634752-A",
  "family_id": "56682690",
  "cited_by_count": 3,
  "citations": [
    "US5749256A",
    "US20020017744A1",
    "US20020187020A1",
    "US20140219710A1"
  ]
}