Proximity sensing circuit

{
  "publication_number": "US4001613A",
  "country": "US",
  "kind": "A",
  "title": "Proximity sensing circuit",
  "abstract": "A proximity sensor system includes first and second circuits connected at their inputs to a source of sampling pulses and at their outputs to a difference circuit. A proximity sensor is connected to the first circuit for modifying the amplitude of the signals produced at its output in response to the presence of an object in proximity to the sensor. The signals produced at the output of the second circuit are substantially independent of the presence of an object. The difference circuit produces an output signal indicative of which one of the first and second circuits produces the largest amplitude signal and is indicative of the presence or absence of an object. The proximity sensor may be comprised of a sheet or conductive material with a first wire connected between the sheet and the first circuit and a second wire isolated from the sheet but extending along the first wire and being connected to the second circuit.",
  "claims": [
    "1. The combination comprising: a first terminal for the application thereto of sampling signals; first and second circuits, each circuit having an input connected to said first terminal and an output; a sensor responsive to external stimuli connected to said first circuit for varying the response of the first circuit to said sampling signals; and comparator means connected to the outputs of said first and second circuits for comparing the output signals produced at the outputs of said first and second circuits; said comparator means including a regenerative circuit having at least two input terminals, an output terminal, and two power terminals for the application therebetween of an operating potential; one of said two input terminals being connected to the output of said first circuit and the other one of said two input terminals being connected to the output of said second circuit; and means for applying an operating potential to said power terminals of said regenerative circuit at a rate corresponding to that of said sampling signals for sensing the signals present at the outputs of said first and second circuits during a sampling signal and for producing at the comparator output terminal a signal indicative of which of the two signals has the greater magnitude.",
    "2. The combination as claimed in claim 1 wherein said sensor is a proximity sensor whose electrical capacitance changes in response to the proximity of an object; wherein said second circuit is a reference circuit comprised of components each having a substantially fixed value, the response of said second circuit to said sampling pulses being relatively constant.",
    "3. The combination as claimed in claim 2 wherein said first and second circuits each include a capacitive divider network; wherein the capacitive divider network of said first circuit includes a first capacitor having a fixed value and the variable capacitance of said proximity sensor; and wherein the capacitive divider network of said second circuit includes two capacitors, each capacitor having a fixed value.",
    "4. The combination as claimed in claim 1 wherein said regenerative circuit is a set-reset flip-flop.",
    "5. The combination as claimed in claim 4 wherein said set-reset flip-flop includes two cross-coupled NOR gates comprised of insulated-gate field-effect transistors.",
    "6. The combination as claimed in claim 3 wherein each one of said capacitor divider networks has an input connected to said first terminal and also has an output, wherein each one of said first and second circuits includes a peak detector having an input and an output; wherein the peak detector of said first circuit is connected at its input to the output of the divider network of said first circuit and is connected at its output to said first input of said comparator; and wherein the peak detector of said second circuit is connected at its input to the output of the divider network of said second circuit and is connected at its output to said second input of said comparator.",
    "7. The combination as claimed in claim 6 wherein said first capacitor of the divider network of said first circuit is connected between said first terminal and the output of the divider network, and wherein the sensor is connected to the output of the divider network of said first circuit.",
    "8. The combination as claimed in claim 3 further including means for generating said sampling signals including an oscillator and a pulse shaper.",
    "9. The combination as claimed in claim 8 wherein said oscillator and pulse shaper includes insulated-gate field-effect transistors.",
    "10. The combination comprising: a first terminal for the application thereto of sampling signals; first and second circuits, each circuit having an input connected to said first terminal and an output; a proximity sensor whose electrical capacitance changes in response to the proximity of an object, said proximity sensor including: a) an antenna comprising a sheet of conductive material; b) a first conductor connected at one end to said sheet and at its other end to said first circuit for varying the response of the first circuit to said sampling signals in response to the proximity of an object; and c) a second conductor electrically isolated from said sheet and extending between said sensor and said second circuit for approximately the full length of said first conductor, said second conductor being connected at one end to said second circuit; and means connected to the outputs of said first and second circuits including a comparator having first and second inputs and an output, said first and second inputs of said comparator being coupled to the first and second outputs, respectively, of said first and second circuits, and said comparator producing at its output a signal indicative of which of the two signals applied to its inputs has the greater magnitude.",
    "11. The combination as claimed in claim 10 wherein said sensor includes a third conductor electrically isolated from said sheet, said third conductor being positioned between said first and second conductors and extending alongside said conductors for approximately their full lengths, said third conductor being connected to a point of reference potential.",
    "12. A proximity sensor comprising: a sheet of conductive material functioning as a sensing antenna for sensing the presence of an object; a first wire for coupling said sheet to a circuit, said first wire being connected at one end to said sheet and means for connecting the other end of said wire to an input point of said circuit; and a second wire for sensing the approximately same ambient noise sensed by said first wire; said second wire being terminated at one end adjacent to said sheet but being electrically isolated from said sheet, said second wire extending alongside said first wire for approximately the full length of said first wire, and means for connecting the other end of said second wire to a second point of said circuit, said second wire for applying to said second point the same ambient noise signals picked up by said first wire.",
    "13. The combination as claimed in claim 12 further including a third wire, said third wire being electrically isolated from said sheet, said third wire being positioned between said first and second wires and extending for substantially the full length of said first and second wires, said third wire being connected to a point of reference potential.",
    "14. The combination as claimed in claim 13 further including a sheet of plastic formed about said sheet of conductive material and said wires for maintaining the form of these elements and the separation of the wires relatively constant."
  ],
  "description_excerpt": "The application relates to switching systems in general, and in particular to a switching system which responds to a change in certain external conditions, e.g. the presence or absence of a person in proximity thereto. Further, the application relates to a sensor, and to improved circuitry which may be used in conjunction with the system.\n\nThere are many applications as, for example, in a seat belt interlock system, where it is desired to detect the presence or the absence of a particular object (condition) so that a desired response to the condition may be generated. Many known detection systems use an oscillator whose frequency is altered when an object is detected. For the system to be reliable the oscillator must be relatively precise and stable and the associated circuitry must be frequency dependent. Such oscillators and circuitry are generally complex and expensive.\n\nIn many applications, especially those designed for mass markets, it is desirable that the circuitry be simple and inexpensive. This applies to the detection system as well as to the detector or sensor used to detect a given condition. Also, in many applications, such as in automobiles where the environment is electrically very noisy, it is desirable that the circuits be relatively insensitive to noise or that the noise be cancelled out of the system.\n\nSystems embodying the invention include a first circuit to which there is connected a sensor and a second, reference, circuit. Sampling signals are supplied to the inputs of the first and second circuits.",
  "cpc": [
    "H03K 3/356104",
    "H03K 17/955",
    "H03K 2217/960745"
  ],
  "ipc": [
    "H03K 17/955",
    "H03K 3/356"
  ],
  "assignees": [
    "RCA Corp"
  ],
  "inventors": [
    "Vernon Elton Hills",
    "Leesui Wu"
  ],
  "filing_date": "1974-09-20",
  "publication_date": "1977-01-04",
  "grant_date": "1977-01-04",
  "priority_date": "1974-09-20",
  "application_number": "US-50778074-A",
  "family_id": "24020107",
  "cited_by_count": 17,
  "citations": [
    "US3517326A",
    "US3553575A",
    "US3515984A",
    "US3801976A",
    "US3829850A"
  ]
}