Lamination

{
  "id": "MLC-T-ENV-015291",
  "term": "Lamination",
  "field": "Environment",
  "definition": "Lamination is the binding and fusing of multiple layers with heat and pressure. All thermosets can be used as laminating binders; however, phenolic is the most common binder used in lamination. Most laminating operations involve the following three basic steps: impregnation, drying, and pressing. First, a web of paper, fabric, or other material is impregnated with a resin solution by continuously feeding it through a dip tank. Next, excess resin is removed and the web is dried. The drying, which takes place in an oven, vaporizes the solvent and helps increase the molecular weight of the resin via additional chemical reactions. Usually the web sheeting is cut and placed in multiple layers. Finally, a hydraulic press compacts the layers of sheets at pressures ranging from 1,400 Kilopascals (kPa) to 12,000 kPa under temperature conditions of 140 to 180(C (EPA, 1978).",
  "references": [
    "EPA Preferred and Alternative Methods for Estimating Air Emissions from Plastic Products Manufacturing at http://www.epa.gov/ttnchie1/eiip/techreport/volume02/ii11.pdf"
  ],
  "url": "https://mlchart.com/terminology/environment/lamination/"
}