Patent · US10350548B2 · B2 · US
Reconfigurable processing enclosures
- (11) Publication number
- US10350548B2
- (21) Application number
- 15/690,083
- (22) Filing date
- 2017-08-29
- (30) Priority date
- 2013-03-08
- (43) Publication date
- 2019-07-16
- (45) Date of grant
- 2019-07-16
- (51) IPC
- B01D 15/02; B01D 53/32; B01D 61/44; B01J 19/08; B65G 27/00; B65G 53/04; B65G 53/40; C07C 29/149; C07C 31/12; C10G 1/00; C10L 1/02; C10L 9/08; C12M 1/00; C12P 19/02; C12P 19/14; C12P 7/04; C12P 7/06; C12P 7/10; C12P 7/52; C12P 7/56; C13K 1/02; C13K 13/00; D21C 9/00; E04B 1/92; G21F 7/00; H01J 37/317
- (52) CPC
- B01D Separation: 15/02, 53/02, 53/32, 53/46, 61/44, 61/445
- B01J Chemical or physical processes, e.g. catalysis or colloid chemistry; their relevant apparatus: 19/085, 2219/0869, 2219/0879, 2219/0886
- B65G Transport or storage devices, e.g. conveyors for loading or tipping, shop conveyor systems or pneumatic tube conveyors: 27/00, 53/04, 53/40
- C07C Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds: 29/149, 31/12
- C08B Polysaccharides; derivatives thereof: 1/00
- C10G Cracking hydrocarbon oils; production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures, e.g. by destructive hydrogenation, oligomerisation, polymerisation; recovery of hydrocarbon oils from oil-shale, oil-sand, or gases; refining mixtures mainly consisting of hydrocarbons; reforming of naphtha; mineral waxes: 1/00
- C10L Fuels not otherwise provided for; natural gas; synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclasses C10G or C10K; liquified petroleum gas; use of additives to fuels or fires; fire-lighters: 1/023, 1/026, 2200/0469, 2200/0476, 2290/36, 9/08
- C12M Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology; {apparatus for culturing microorganisms for producing biomass, for growing cells or for obtaining fermentation or metabolic products, i.e. bioreactors or fermenters}: 47/00, 47/10
- C12P Fermentation or enzyme-using processes to synthesise a desired chemical compound or composition or to separate optical isomers from a racemic mixture {}: 19/02, 19/14, 2201/00, 2203/00, 7/04, 7/06, 7/10, 7/52, 7/56
- C13K Saccharides obtained from natural sources or by hydrolysis of naturally occurring disaccharides, oligosaccharides or polysaccharides: 1/02, 13/002
- D21C Production of cellulose by removing non-cellulose substances from cellulose-containing materials; regeneration of pulping liquors; apparatus therefor: 9/007
- E04B General building constructions; walls, e.g. partitions; roofs; floors; ceilings; insulation or other protection of buildings: 1/92, 2001/925
- G21F Protection against x-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation or particle bombardment; treating radioactively contaminated material; decontamination arrangements therefor: 7/00
- G21K Handling of particles or ionising radiation not otherwise provided for; irradiation devices; gamma ray or x-ray microscopes: 5/10
- H01J Electric discharge tubes or discharge lamps: 2237/202, 2237/31, 2237/3165, 37/317
- Y02E Reduction of greenhouse gas [ghg] emissions, related to energy generation, transmission or distribution: 50/10, 50/16, 50/17, 50/30, 50/32, 50/343, 60/16, 60/17
- Y02P Climate change mitigation technologies in the production or processing of goods: 20/133, 20/136
- Y02W Climate change mitigation technologies related to wastewater treatment or waste management: 10/33, 10/37, 10/40
- (73) Assignee
- Xyleco Inc
- (72) Inventors
- Marshall Medoff; Thomas Craig Masterman; Robert Paradis
- (54) Title
- Reconfigurable processing enclosures
- (57) Abstract
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) or other materials are processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, in a vault in which the walls and optionally the ceiling include discrete units. Such vaults are re-configurable.
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Claims (29)
- A treatment facility comprising: a vault, having walls, ceiling, and a foundation; within the vault, a material conveying system; and an electron irradiation device supported by the ceiling of the vault and disposed to irradiate biomass conveyed by the material conveying system, wherein each of the walls comprises a plurality of discrete reconfigurable units and at least one unit of the plurality of units comprises a high Z material.
- The facility as in claim 1, wherein the ceiling comprises a plurality of discrete units.
- The facility as in claim 1, wherein the high Z material is a metal with a Z value above 25.
- The facility as in claim 1, wherein the irradiation device weighs at least 5 Tons.
- The facility as in claim 1, wherein the irradiation device weighs at least 10 tons.
- The facility as in claim 1, wherein the irradiation device weighs between about 5 and about 20 tons.
- The facility as in claim 1, wherein the foundation comprises a concrete slab.
- The facility as in claim 1, wherein the walls comprise interlocking blocks.
- The facility as in claim 1, wherein the walls support a network of I-beams and the network of I-beams supports ceiling panels.
- The facility as in claim 1, wherein the walls, ceiling and foundation are at least about 4 feet thick.
- The facility as in claim 1, wherein the walls, ceiling and foundation include concrete and the concrete is selected from the group consisting of regular concrete, high density concrete, pre-tensioned concrete, lead containing concrete, rebar containing concrete and combinations thereof.
- The facility as in claim 1, wherein the vault further comprises a substantially radiation opaque door.
- The facility as in claim 12, wherein the door comprises a steel interior in contact with a front and back layer comprising lead.
- The facility as in claim 1, further comprising an opening for continuously supplying biomass into the vault and to the conveyor, and openings for a continuous loop conveyor for continuously removing biomass from the conveyor and out of the vault.
- The facility as in claim 1, wherein the high Z material is iron, lead, or a combination thereof.
- The facility as in claim 1, wherein a side of the at least one unit of the plurality of units is covered with stainless steel.
- The facility as in claim 1, wherein the at least one unit of the plurality of units further comprises a material to reduce the porosity of the at least one unit compared to the porosity of the at least one unit without the material.
- A method of treating a biomass material, the method comprising; irradiating a lignocellulosic biomass with an electron irradiation device, in a vault having a foundation, walls and a ceiling, wherein the electron irradiation device is supported by the ceiling of the vault, each of the walls comprise a plurality of discrete reconfigurable units and at least one unit of the plurality of units comprises a high Z material.
- The method of claim 18, wherein the ceiling comprises a plurality of discrete units.
- The method of claim 19, wherein the walls support a network of I-beams and the network of I-beams supports the ceiling.
- The method of claim 18, wherein the walls comprise interlocking blocks.
- The method of claim 18, wherein the walls, ceiling and foundation include concrete and the concrete is selected from the group consisting of regular concrete, high density concrete, pre-tensioned concrete, lead containing concrete, rebar containing concrete and combinations thereof.
- The method of claim 18, wherein the method comprises re-configuring the vault after irradiating the biomass and irradiating a second biomass in the re-configured vault.
- The method of claim 18, wherein the lignocellulosic material is in the form of a lumber product.
- The method of claim 18, wherein the lignocellulosic material is selected from the group consisting of wood, particle board, sawdust, agricultural waste, sewage, silage, grasses, rice hulls, bagasse, cotton, jute, hemp, flax, bamboo, sisal, abaca, straw, corn cobs, corn stover, switchgrass, alfalfa, hay, coconut hair, seaweed, algae and mixtures thereof.
- The method of claim 18, wherein the high Z material is a metal with a Z value above 25.
- The facility as in claim 18, wherein the high Z material is iron, lead, or a combination thereof.
- The facility as in claim 18, wherein a side of the at least one unit of the plurality of units is covered with stainless steel.
- The facility as in claim 18, wherein the at least one unit of the plurality of units further comprises a material to reduce the porosity of the at least one unit compared to the porosity of the at least one unit without the material.
Description
Many potential lignocellulosic feedstocks are available today, including agricultural residues, woody biomass, municipal waste, oilseeds/cakes and seaweed, to name a few. At present, these materials are often under-utilized, being used, for example, as animal feed, biocompost materials, burned in a co-generation facility or even landfilled.
Lignocellulosic biomass includes crystalline cellulose fibrils embedded in a hemicellulose matrix, surrounded by lignin. This produces a compact matrix that is difficult to access by enzymes and other chemical, biochemical and/or biological processes. Cellulosic biomass materials (e.g., biomass material from which the lignin has been removed) is more accessible to enzymes and other conversion processes, but even so, naturally-occurring cellulosic materials often have low yields (relative to theoretical yields) when contacted with hydrolyzing enzymes. Lignocellulosic biomass is even more recalcitrant to enzyme attack. Furthermore, each type of lignocellulosic biomass has its own specific composition of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin.
Generally, the inventions related to enclosures for treating materials, such as biomass. The inventions also relate to equipment, methods and systems for producing products from materials, such as a biomass material. Increasing the throughput and safety, and reducing the costs associated with treatment of biomass are important goals in the development of useful and flexible manufacturing processes. In methods involving irradiation, hazards can be mitigated by enclosing the irradiation in a vault.
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Record as JSON
{
"publication_number": "US10350548B2",
"country": "US",
"kind": "B2",
"title": "Reconfigurable processing enclosures",
"abstract": "Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) or other materials are processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, in a vault in which the walls and optionally the ceiling include discrete units. Such vaults are re-configurable.",
"claims": [
"1. A treatment facility comprising: a vault, having walls, ceiling, and a foundation; within the vault, a material conveying system; and an electron irradiation device supported by the ceiling of the vault and disposed to irradiate biomass conveyed by the material conveying system, wherein each of the walls comprises a plurality of discrete reconfigurable units and at least one unit of the plurality of units comprises a high Z material.",
"2. The facility as in claim 1, wherein the ceiling comprises a plurality of discrete units.",
"3. The facility as in claim 1, wherein the high Z material is a metal with a Z value above 25.",
"4. The facility as in claim 1, wherein the irradiation device weighs at least 5 Tons.",
"5. The facility as in claim 1, wherein the irradiation device weighs at least 10 tons.",
"6. The facility as in claim 1, wherein the irradiation device weighs between about 5 and about 20 tons.",
"7. The facility as in claim 1, wherein the foundation comprises a concrete slab.",
"8. The facility as in claim 1, wherein the walls comprise interlocking blocks.",
"9. The facility as in claim 1, wherein the walls support a network of I-beams and the network of I-beams supports ceiling panels.",
"10. The facility as in claim 1, wherein the walls, ceiling and foundation are at least about 4 feet thick.",
"11. The facility as in claim 1, wherein the walls, ceiling and foundation include concrete and the concrete is selected from the group consisting of regular concrete, high density concrete, pre-tensioned concrete, lead containing concrete, rebar containing concrete and combinations thereof.",
"12. The facility as in claim 1, wherein the vault further comprises a substantially radiation opaque door.",
"13. The facility as in claim 12, wherein the door comprises a steel interior in contact with a front and back layer comprising lead.",
"14. The facility as in claim 1, further comprising an opening for continuously supplying biomass into the vault and to the conveyor, and openings for a continuous loop conveyor for continuously removing biomass from the conveyor and out of the vault.",
"15. The facility as in claim 1, wherein the high Z material is iron, lead, or a combination thereof.",
"16. The facility as in claim 1, wherein a side of the at least one unit of the plurality of units is covered with stainless steel.",
"17. The facility as in claim 1, wherein the at least one unit of the plurality of units further comprises a material to reduce the porosity of the at least one unit compared to the porosity of the at least one unit without the material.",
"18. A method of treating a biomass material, the method comprising; irradiating a lignocellulosic biomass with an electron irradiation device, in a vault having a foundation, walls and a ceiling, wherein the electron irradiation device is supported by the ceiling of the vault, each of the walls comprise a plurality of discrete reconfigurable units and at least one unit of the plurality of units comprises a high Z material.",
"19. The method of claim 18, wherein the ceiling comprises a plurality of discrete units.",
"20. The method of claim 19, wherein the walls support a network of I-beams and the network of I-beams supports the ceiling.",
"21. The method of claim 18, wherein the walls comprise interlocking blocks.",
"22. The method of claim 18, wherein the walls, ceiling and foundation include concrete and the concrete is selected from the group consisting of regular concrete, high density concrete, pre-tensioned concrete, lead containing concrete, rebar containing concrete and combinations thereof.",
"23. The method of claim 18, wherein the method comprises re-configuring the vault after irradiating the biomass and irradiating a second biomass in the re-configured vault.",
"24. The method of claim 18, wherein the lignocellulosic material is in the form of a lumber product.",
"25. The method of claim 18, wherein the lignocellulosic material is selected from the group consisting of wood, particle board, sawdust, agricultural waste, sewage, silage, grasses, rice hulls, bagasse, cotton, jute, hemp, flax, bamboo, sisal, abaca, straw, corn cobs, corn stover, switchgrass, alfalfa, hay, coconut hair, seaweed, algae and mixtures thereof.",
"26. The method of claim 18, wherein the high Z material is a metal with a Z value above 25.",
"27. The facility as in claim 18, wherein the high Z material is iron, lead, or a combination thereof.",
"28. The facility as in claim 18, wherein a side of the at least one unit of the plurality of units is covered with stainless steel.",
"29. The facility as in claim 18, wherein the at least one unit of the plurality of units further comprises a material to reduce the porosity of the at least one unit compared to the porosity of the at least one unit without the material."
],
"description_excerpt": "Many potential lignocellulosic feedstocks are available today, including agricultural residues, woody biomass, municipal waste, oilseeds/cakes and seaweed, to name a few. At present, these materials are often under-utilized, being used, for example, as animal feed, biocompost materials, burned in a co-generation facility or even landfilled.\n\nLignocellulosic biomass includes crystalline cellulose fibrils embedded in a hemicellulose matrix, surrounded by lignin. This produces a compact matrix that is difficult to access by enzymes and other chemical, biochemical and/or biological processes. Cellulosic biomass materials (e.g., biomass material from which the lignin has been removed) is more accessible to enzymes and other conversion processes, but even so, naturally-occurring cellulosic materials often have low yields (relative to theoretical yields) when contacted with hydrolyzing enzymes. Lignocellulosic biomass is even more recalcitrant to enzyme attack. Furthermore, each type of lignocellulosic biomass has its own specific composition of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin.\n\nGenerally, the inventions related to enclosures for treating materials, such as biomass. The inventions also relate to equipment, methods and systems for producing products from materials, such as a biomass material. Increasing the throughput and safety, and reducing the costs associated with treatment of biomass are important goals in the development of useful and flexible manufacturing processes. In methods involving irradiation, hazards can be mitigated by enclosing the irradiation in a vault.",
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"assignees": [
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],
"inventors": [
"Marshall Medoff",
"Thomas Craig Masterman",
"Robert Paradis"
],
"filing_date": "2017-08-29",
"publication_date": "2019-07-16",
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"priority_date": "2013-03-08",
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Record 2,717 of 8,000 in Patents full text (MLC-0201). Request the full dataset.