Systems and methods for transmitting and receiving array camera image data

{
  "publication_number": "US10742861B2",
  "country": "US",
  "kind": "B2",
  "title": "Systems and methods for transmitting and receiving array camera image data",
  "abstract": "Systems and methods for transmitting and receiving image data captured by an imager array including a plurality of focal planes are described. One embodiment of the invention includes capturing image data using a plurality of active focal planes in a camera module, where an image is formed on each active focal plane by a separate lens stack, generating lines of image data by interleaving the image data captured by the plurality of active focal planes, and transmitting the lines of image data and the additional data.",
  "claims": [
    "1. A method of transmitting image data, comprising: receiving image data captured using a first set of active cameras in an array of cameras; generating a first line of image data by multiplexing at least a portion of the image data captured by the first set of active cameras; generating a first set of additional dynamic data describing operational parameters of the first set of active cameras; transmitting the first set of additional dynamic data and the first line of image data; receiving image data captured using a second set of active cameras in the array of cameras, wherein the second set of active cameras has different imaging characteristics from the first set of active cameras; generating a second line of image data by multiplexing at least a portion of the image data captured by the second set of active cameras; generating a second set of additional dynamic data describing the operational parameters of the second set of active cameras; transmitting the second set of additional dynamic data and the second line of image data, wherein the first and second sets of additional dynamic data vary based on the different imaging characteristics of the first and second sets of active cameras; and packetizing the first set of additional dynamic data and the first line of image data to produce at least one packet of data; and wherein transmitting the first set of additional dynamic data and the first line of image data further comprises transmitting the at least one packet of data.",
    "2. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating additional fixed data describing fixed values of an array camera configuration and transmitting the additional fixed data.",
    "3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of additional dynamic data comprises parameters describing exposure times and gains of the first set of active cameras.",
    "4. The method of claim 1, wherein individual cameras in the array of cameras are independently controlled.",
    "5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of active cameras comprises all of the cameras in the array of cameras.",
    "6. The method of claim 1, wherein a number of active cameras in the first set of cameras is different from a number of active cameras in the second set of active cameras.",
    "7. The method of claim 1, wherein different sets of cameras are active at different times.",
    "8. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating additional data that describes said array of cameras.",
    "9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of additional dynamic data includes data selected from a group consisting of additional data describing: a number of active cameras in the first set of active cameras; dimensions of the array of cameras; a number of pixels in each dimension of at least one of the cameras in the first set of active cameras; an integration time for pixels in at least one of the cameras in the first set of active cameras; and a gain for pixels in at least one of the active cameras in the first set of active cameras.",
    "10. The method of claim 9, wherein the additional dynamic data describing the gain for pixels in the at least one of the cameras in the first set of active cameras includes additional data describing an analog gain for pixels in said at least one of the cameras in the first set of active cameras and additional data describing the digital gain for pixels in said at least one of the cameras in the first set of active cameras.",
    "11. The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of additional dynamic data describes at least one of first and second lines of image data.",
    "12. The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of additional dynamic data includes data selected from the group consisting of additional data describing: a time at which each of the cameras in the first set of active cameras started capturing the image data; and row numbers of rows in each of the cameras in the first set of active cameras used to capture image data used to generate the line of image data.",
    "13. The method of claim 1, wherein: the at least one packet of data comprises a packet header including at least a portion of the first set of additional dynamic data followed by at least a portion of the first line of image data.",
    "14. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one packet of data further comprises a packet footer indicating the end of the transmission of the first line of image data.",
    "15. The method of claim 1, wherein a plurality of cameras in the array of cameras has a different field of view.",
    "16. A method of transmitting image data, comprising: receiving image data captured using a first set of active cameras in an array of cameras; generating a first line of image data by multiplexing at least a portion of the image data captured by the first set of active cameras; generating a first set of additional dynamic data describing operational parameters of the first set of active cameras; transmitting the first set of additional dynamic data and the first line of image data; receiving image data captured using a second set of active cameras in the array of cameras, wherein the second set of active cameras has different imaging characteristics from the first set of active cameras; generating a second line of image data by multiplexing at least a portion of the image data captured by the second set of active cameras; generating a second set of additional dynamic data describing the operational parameters of the second set of active cameras; transmitting the second set of additional dynamic data and the second line of image data, wherein the first and second sets of additional dynamic data vary based on the different imaging characteristics of the first and second sets of active cameras; and interleaving image data received from the first set of active cameras using a predetermined process, wherein the predetermined process is selected from a plurality of predetermined processes for interleaving captured image data.",
    "17. The method of claim 16, wherein: each camera in the array of cameras comprises an array of pixels including a plurality of rows of pixels that also form a plurality of columns of pixels; and the predetermined process selected from the plurality of predetermined processes for interleaving received image data comprises interleaving image data from a row selected from each of the cameras in the first set of active cameras.",
    "18. The method of claim 16, wherein the predetermined process selected from the plurality of predetermined processes for interleaving received image data comprises using a modulo process, where the modulo process involves interleaving image data captured by pixels in the selected rows of the cameras in the first set of active cameras by interleaving a predetermined number of pixels from each of the selected rows.",
    "19. An array camera, comprising: an array of cameras comprising a plurality of cameras that capture images of a scene from different viewpoints; a processor; and memory in communications with the processor; wherein software directs the processor to: receive image data captured using a first set of active cameras in the array of cameras; generate a first line of image data by multiplexing at least a portion of the image data received from the first set of active cameras; generate a first set of additional dynamic data describing operational parameters of the first set of active cameras; transmit the first set of additional dynamic data and the first line of image data; receive image data captured using a second set of active cameras in the array of cameras, wherein the second set of active cameras has different operational parameters from the first set of active cameras; generate a second line of image data by multiplexing at least a portion of the image data received from the second set of active cameras; generate a second set of additional dynamic data describing operational parameters of the second set of active cameras; and transmit the second set of additional dynamic data and the second line of image data, wherein the first and second sets of additional dynamic data vary based on the different operational parameters of the first and second sets of active cameras; and packetize the first set of additional dynamic data and the first line of image data to produce at least one packet of data; wherein transmit the first set of additional dynamic data and the first line of image data further comprises transmission of the at least one packet of data."
  ],
  "description_excerpt": "The present invention is generally related to array cameras and more specifically to the transmission of image data from an imager array to an external device such as a processor.\n\nIn a typical camera, light enters through an opening (aperture) at one end of the camera and is directed to a focal plane by a lens stack. The lens stack creates an optical channel that forms an image of a scene upon the focal plane. The focal plane includes an array of light sensitive pixels, which are part of a sensor that generates signals upon receiving light via the optical element. Commonly used sensors include CCD (charge-coupled device) sensors and CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) sensors.\n\nTraditional cameras typically use a single focal plane to capture single images, one at a time. The image data from each pixel of the focal plane is then sent directly from the focal plane to a processor. The processor can manipulate the image data, such as to encode the image data, store the image data, forward the image data or modify the image data. In many instances, a standard interface is utilized between the focal plane and processor, which specifies the format in which data is transmitted between the focal plane and the processor.\n\nThe Mobile Industry Processor Interface Alliance (MIPI) is a non-profit corporation that has promulgated interface specifications for consistency to promote reuse and compatibility in mobile devices. MIPI has created the Camera Serial Interface 2 (c) interface format (MIPI interface format) for an interface between a camera and a processor.",
  "cpc": [
    "H04N 23/45",
    "H04N 21/235",
    "H04N 21/4223",
    "H04N 21/42607",
    "H04N 21/435",
    "H04N 23/54",
    "H04N 23/66",
    "H04N 23/95",
    "H04N 23/957",
    "H04N 5/2253",
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  ],
  "ipc": [
    "H04N 23/40",
    "H04N 23/90",
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  ],
  "assignees": [
    "Fotonation Ireland Ltd"
  ],
  "inventors": [
    "Andrew Kenneth John McMahon"
  ],
  "filing_date": "2019-02-08",
  "publication_date": "2020-08-11",
  "grant_date": "2020-08-11",
  "priority_date": "2011-05-11",
  "application_number": "US-201916271709-A",
  "family_id": "47075470",
  "cited_by_count": 22,
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