Interlocking, reconfigurable, reconstitutable, reformable cell-based system with nested ring structures

{
  "publication_number": "US11155366B2",
  "country": "US",
  "kind": "B2",
  "title": "Interlocking, reconfigurable, reconstitutable, reformable cell-based system with nested ring structures",
  "abstract": "Cell-based space systems with nested-ring structures that interlock and can change configuration to support a mission are provided. The cells may self-assemble into a larger structure to carry out a mission. Multiple rotatable rings may be included in a cell, with a payload/control section in the center. The rings may provide power and/or data to trams that move about the rails. Trams may interlock with other cells, carry sensors or other devices, etc. Cells may be stowed in a cell stack that is deployable. Such cell-based systems may have various applications in space, on Earth, other celestial bodies, and underwater.",
  "claims": [
    "1. A nested-ring cell, comprising: an outer ring; an inner ring located within the outer ring; and one or more movable trams, each of the one or more movable trams located on and riding along the outer ring or the inner ring and configured to move along at least a portion of the outer ring or the inner ring on which the respective movable tram is located using the respective ring as a track, wherein the nested-ring cell is a space vehicle.",
    "2. The nested-ring cell of claim 1, further comprising: a middle ring located between the outer ring and the inner ring.",
    "3. The nested-ring cell of claim 2, further comprising: a shaft connecting the outer ring, the middle ring, and the inner ring, wherein the outer ring, the middle ring, and the inner ring are rotatably connected to the shaft.",
    "4. The nested-ring cell of claim 3, further comprising: outer ring motors, middle ring motors, and inner ring motors, wherein the outer ring motors, the middle ring motors, and the inner ring motors are configured to facilitate rotation of the outer ring, the middle ring, and the inner ring, respectively.",
    "5. The nested-ring cell of claim 1, wherein the outer ring and the inner ring are collapsible such that they can be stowed in a flattened configuration and then deployed once the nested-ring cell is in space.",
    "6. The nested-ring cell of claim 1, wherein the outer ring, the inner ring, or both comprise control electronics configured to control operations of the respective ring or operation of the entire cell.",
    "7. The nested-ring cell of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more movable trams comprises control electronics that are configured to control operation of one or both of the outer ring and the inner ring, or operation of the entire cell.",
    "8. The nested-ring cell of claim 1, wherein the cell further comprises: a payload/control section configured to control operations of the cell, wherein the payload/control section has a flat shape that, in part, facilitates a compact form factor for the cell when in a stowed configuration.",
    "9. The nested-ring cell of claim 8, wherein the payload/control section comprises at least one propellant storage tank.",
    "10. The nested-ring cell of claim 8, wherein the payload/control section comprises: a reaction wheel housing; and a momentum management system that includes reaction wheels and a momentum dumping system that controls a net angular momentum vector of the payload/control section and enables desaturation of momentum generated by the reaction wheels, wherein the payload/control section is configured to countermand rotation of the outer ring and/or the inner ring, or a plurality of interconnected cells, via the momentum management system.",
    "11. The nested-ring cell of claim 1, wherein the outer ring, the inner ring, or both comprises a rail that comprises power and data lines to provide power to and control at least one of the one or more movable trams.",
    "12. The nested-ring cell of claim 1, wherein the outer ring, the inner ring, or both, comprises: at least one rotatable nozzle configured to propel the nested-ring cell; and at least one propellant line configured to provide propellant to the at least one rotatable nozzle.",
    "13. The nested-ring cell of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more movable trams is configured to: connect to at least one other cell, at least one other tram of another cell, at least one other structure, or any combination thereof; provide power, data, fuel, heat, or any combination thereof, to at least one other cell; act as a support structure that holds external components that can be articulated; or any combination of the above.",
    "14. The nested-ring cell of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more movable trams comprises a linking mechanism that is configured to perform linking operations with linking members of other trams, with other structures, or both.",
    "15. The nested-ring cell of claim 14, wherein the linking mechanism comprises an electromagnet configured to engage with magnets of rings, trams, or both.",
    "16. The nested-ring cell of claim 15, wherein the linking mechanism comprises a layered interface comprising hardware and software that provides visual pose estimation for docking, testing of signals and information to be passed between trams, and security against cyber threats.",
    "17. The nested-ring cell of claim 15, wherein the linking mechanism is motorized and comprises a portion of a hinge joint, a pivot joint, a ball and socket joint, an ellipsoid in socket joint, a saddle joint, plane joint, a mechanical and magnetic interlock, or a spring-loaded ball and groove joint.",
    "18. The nested-ring cell of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more movable trams further comprises circuitry configured to control operation of the respective movable tram and its components.",
    "19. The nested-ring cell of claim 1, wherein a ring along which at least one of the one or more movable trams moves comprises a rail with a tram retaining section.",
    "20. The nested-ring cell of claim 19, wherein at least one of the one or more movable trams comprises tram retaining members configured to engage with the tram retaining section of the rail to keep the respective movable tram operably connected to its respective ring.",
    "21. The nested-ring cell of claim 19, wherein at least one of the one or more movable trams comprises wheels that contact the tram retaining section of the rail and facilitate movement of the respective movable tram along the rail.",
    "22. The nested-ring cell of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more movable trams comprises: at least one nozzle configured to expel a propellant gas; and a local propellant tank configured to supply the at least one nozzle with the propellant gas.",
    "23. The nested-ring cell of claim 22, wherein at least one of the one or more movable trams further comprises: a respective control valve for each of the at least one nozzles; and control circuitry configured to control the at least one control valve.",
    "24. The nested-ring cell of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more movable trams comprises: a motorized hinge operably connected to the respective movable tram and a device, wherein the hinge enables the device to flip out from the respective movable tram and deploy.",
    "25. The nested-ring cell of claim 24, wherein the device comprises a lens, a mirror, a shade, a filter, a flip-out sensor, a flip-out angular momentum control device, a patterned electrode that serves as a linear motor, or any combination thereof.",
    "26. The nested-ring cell of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more movable trams comprises: at least two horn antennas located on different sides of the respective movable tram; and control electronics operably connected to the at least two horn antennas, wherein the at least two horn antennas and control electronics are configured to facilitate millimeter wave (mm-Wave) and microwave (μWave) sensing or broadcasting.",
    "27. The nested-ring cell of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more movable trams comprises: a plurality of imagers or detectors.",
    "28. The nested-ring cell of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more movable trams comprises: a laser system configured to provide a source laser for LIDAR or optical communications; a gimbled or galvanometer-based beam delivery control system configured to control the source laser from the laser system; and a cooling system configured to dissipate heat generated by the laser system.",
    "29. The nested-ring cell of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more movable trams is a rotatable tram comprising: a linking mechanism; a rotatable collar to which the linking mechanism is operably connected; an inner tram ring about which the rotatable collar rotates; and control electronics configured to control rotation of the rotatable collar.",
    "30. The nested-ring cell of claim 29, wherein the rotatable tram further comprises: a plurality of rail guides on the inner tram ring that receive power from a ring to which the respective movable tram is connected and provide power for the control electronics.",
    "31. The nested-ring cell of claim 1, further comprising: at least one solar panel, at least one heat shield, at least one reflecting surface, at least one antenna dish, or any combination thereof, that is operably connected to the nested-ring cell via a respective extensible, rotatable connecting member driven by an actuator.",
    "32. The nested-ring cell of claim 31, wherein when in a stowed configuration, the at least one solar panel, the at least one heat shield, the at least one reflecting surface, the at least one antenna dish, or the combination thereof, are stowed within a body of the nested-ring cell.",
    "33. The nested-ring cell of claim 31, wherein the at least one solar panel, the at least one heat shield, the at least one reflecting surface, the at least one antenna dish, or the combination thereof, comprise a battery or a radiator on a side thereof.",
    "34. The nested-ring cell of claim 1, further comprising: a deployable telescope, a deployable energy harvesting device, or any combination thereof.",
    "35. The nested-ring cell of claim 34, wherein a deployable telescope, a deployable energy harvesting device, or the combination thereof are configured from a plurality of cells.",
    "36. The nested-ring cell of claim 1, further comprising: a middle ring located between the outer ring and the inner ring, wherein the middle ring and the inner ring each comprise at least one tram comprising electro & mechanical (E&M) drivers configured to move a magnetic payload, and multiple cells of the plurality of cells form a virtual “rail” system that entraps a payload within the virtual rail and propels the payload by sequential electromagnetic actuation.",
    "37. The nested-ring cell of claim 36, wherein the at least one tram of the middle ring and the inner ring comprise a plurality of extendible electromagnets that are collectively configured to propel the magnetic payload."
  ],
  "description_excerpt": "The present invention generally pertains to space systems, and more particularly, to cell-based systems with nested ring structures that interlock and reconfigure the ensemble topology and/or redirect the orientation of multiple payloads.\n\nWhile there is no state-of-the-art with respect to interlocking, reconfigurable, reconstitutable, reformable space systems per se, some conventional space systems have “interlocking” capabilities in the sense that docking/joining may be possible (e.g., the international space station). However, these systems are not designed to allow the space system to reconfigure its morphology upon command. Indeed, current space system technology is not yet at the stage of being cell-based (i.e., modularized units that can attach/detach to form larger/smaller structures).\n\nThe current state-of-the-art in space systems architecture is individual “works-as-designed” entities with little room for adaptability. While networks of small satellites may be deployed that communicate with one another and perform some collective functions, no cell-based system exists (i.e., relatively small and modularized units that aggregate to form a larger structure). Aside from having a deployable (e.g., solar panels), which typically extend or expand, elongated payloads (e.g., telescopes) are, for the most part, built and launched as-is. These systems are payloads attached to the space vehicle and, for small space vehicles, can take up a significant volume fraction. It is non-trivial to collapse an elongated payload into a flat package, for example.",
  "cpc": [
    "B64G 1/10",
    "B64G 1/22",
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    "B64G 1/10",
    "B64G 1/22",
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    "B64G 1/14"
  ],
  "assignees": [
    "Aerospace Corp"
  ],
  "inventors": [
    "Henry Helvajian"
  ],
  "filing_date": "2018-04-04",
  "publication_date": "2021-10-26",
  "grant_date": "2021-10-26",
  "priority_date": "2017-07-21",
  "application_number": "US-201815945617-A",
  "family_id": "65014525",
  "cited_by_count": 6,
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}