Methods for altering the color and appearance of hair

{
  "publication_number": "US9474700B2",
  "country": "US",
  "kind": "B2",
  "title": "Methods for altering the color and appearance of hair",
  "abstract": "Disclosed are methods and compositions for altering the color of hair, comprising treating the hair with a pre-alkalizing composition, treating the hair with a color-altering composition comprising at least one oxidative dye or oxidative dye precursor compound, and wherein the color-altering composition has a pH ranging from about 1-7, then treating the hair with a developer composition.",
  "claims": [
    "1. A method of altering the appearance of hair, said method comprising: (a) applying onto the hair, a pre-alkalizing composition having a pH of from about 8 to about 14 to form pre-alkalized hair; (b) optionally, rinsing the hair; (c) optionally shampooing and rinsing the hair; (d) applying a color-altering composition onto the pre-alkalized hair, wherein the color-altering composition comprises, in a cosmetically acceptable carrier, at least one oxidative dye precursor; wherein the pH of the color-altering composition ranges from about 1 to about 7; (e) optionally, rinsing the hair; (f) applying a developer composition comprising at least one oxidizing agent chosen from persulfates, perborates, percarbonates, their salts, and mixtures thereof onto the hair, wherein the developer composition does not include hydrogen peroxide; (g) leaving the color-altering composition on the hair for a time period sufficient to achieve a desired color; and (h) optionally, rinsing the hair.",
    "2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the color-altering composition is a ready-to-use composition.",
    "3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one oxidative dye precursor is chosen from ortho aminophenols, para aminophenols, ortho phenylenediamines, para phenylenediamines, double bases, heterocyclic bases, acid addition salts thereof, and mixtures thereof.",
    "4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one oxidative dye precursor is present in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 12% by weight, relative to the total weight of the color-altering composition.",
    "5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the color-altering composition further comprises at least one auxiliary ingredient chosen from rheology-modifying agents, bleach activators, co-bleach activators, chelants, fatty substances, ceramides, alkoxyaminosilicones, silanes, and lift-enhancing agents chosen from nitrogen-containing compounds and metal catalyst compounds.",
    "6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the color-altering composition is applied onto the hair within a time period of less than 24 hours after the pre-alkalizing composition is applied onto the hair.",
    "7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the color-altering composition is left on the hair for a time period ranging from about 3 to about 60 minutes.",
    "8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one oxidizing agent is chosen from potassium persulfate, sodium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, and mixtures thereof.",
    "9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one oxidizing agent is present in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 80% by weight, relative to the total weight of the developer composition.",
    "10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the developer composition is applied onto the hair within a time period of less than 2 hours after the color-altering composition is applied onto the hair.",
    "11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the developer composition is left on the hair for a time period ranging from about 3 to about 60 minutes.",
    "12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the developer composition is prepared by mixing an acidic shampoo with an activator composition comprising the at least one oxidizing agent.",
    "13. The method according to claim 1, further comprising applying heat to the hair after the application of the color-altering composition onto the hair.",
    "14. A method of minimizing damage to the hair during a process for lightening the hair, said method comprising: (a) applying onto the hair, a pre-alkalizing composition having a pH of from about 8 to about 14 to form pre-alkalized hair; (b) optionally, rinsing the hair; (c) optionally shampooing and rinsing the hair; (d) applying a color-altering composition onto the pre-alkalized hair, wherein the color-altering composition comprises, in a cosmetically acceptable carrier, at least one oxidative dye precursor; wherein the pH of the color-altering composition ranges from about 1 to about 7; (e) optionally, rinsing the hair; (f) applying a developer composition comprising at least one oxidizing agent chosen from persulfates, perborates, percarbonates, their salts, and mixtures thereof onto the hair, wherein the developer composition does not include hydrogen peroxide; (g) leaving the color-altering composition on the hair for a time period sufficient to achieve a desired color; and (h) optionally, rinsing the hair.",
    "15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the at least one oxidative dye precursor is chosen from ortho aminophenols, para aminophenols, ortho phenylenediamines, para phenylenediamines, double bases, heterocyclic bases, acid addition salts thereof, and mixtures thereof.",
    "16. The method according to claim 14, wherein the at least one oxidative dye precursor is present in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 12% by weight, relative to the total weight of the color-altering composition.",
    "17. The method according to claim 14, wherein the developer composition is prepared by mixing an acidic shampoo with an activator composition comprising the at least one oxidizing agent.",
    "18. The method according to claim 14, further comprising applying heat to the hair after the application of the color-altering composition onto the hair."
  ],
  "description_excerpt": "Chemical treatments on human hair, such as relaxers, straighteners, waves, perms, oxidative and direct dyes, highlights, lightening compositions and bleaches, are generally known to result in hair breakage and loss, dryness, roughness and brittleness, and skin and/or scalp irritation. Such chemical treatments employ various reducing and oxidizing agents, alkalizing agents, and coloring agents that help re-shape, artificially color, decolorize, modify the color shade/tone, or enhance the appearance and color of hair. Often times, these chemical treatments are used with the application of heat and mechanical combing or brushing, which may contribute to adversely affecting the condition of the hair and the hair cuticle.\n\nThus, conventional and customary practice by consumers and hair dressers is to have a waiting period of at least 24 hours, preferably two weeks, in between two different chemical hair treatments in order to prevent or reduce irritation to the skin or scalp and the potential damage to hair caused by different chemical treatments within a short period of time, e.g., a few hours.\n\nOne example of the problems encountered with successively chemically treating the hair is that such chemical treatments may prevent the hair's color or shade from being lightened, bleached, dyed or altered correctly after the chemical treatment, and therefore, prevent the consumer from achieving the desired lightening or shade/color effects, especially when the lightening, bleaching, coloration or color-altering step is conducted immediately after the chemical treatment.",
  "cpc": [
    "A61K 8/22",
    "A61K 2800/43",
    "A61K 8/19",
    "A61K 8/23",
    "A61Q 5/00",
    "A61Q 5/10"
  ],
  "ipc": [
    "A61K 8/22",
    "A61Q 5/10",
    "A61Q 5/00"
  ],
  "assignees": [
    "LOreal SA"
  ],
  "inventors": [
    "Lisa Salvemini",
    "Michael DeGeorge"
  ],
  "filing_date": "2013-11-08",
  "publication_date": "2016-10-25",
  "grant_date": "2016-10-25",
  "priority_date": "2012-11-09",
  "application_number": "US-201314441532-A",
  "family_id": "50685174",
  "cited_by_count": 12,
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