Method and apparatus for near-isothermal compressed gas energy storage

{
  "publication_number": "US9787161B2",
  "country": "US",
  "kind": "B2",
  "title": "Method and apparatus for near-isothermal compressed gas energy storage",
  "abstract": "A method and apparatus for gas compression and expansion that simultaneously serves as storage tank for the compressed gas, and heat exchanger for heat transfer to the environment to maintain near-isothermal conditions.",
  "claims": [
    "1. A method and apparatus for near-isothermal compression and expansion of a gas, the method and apparatus comprising: a cylinder disposed to store gas under pressure, serve as gas compression and expansion chamber, and exchange heat with surrounding environment, a movable mechanical boundary mechanism inside said cylinder to separate said cylinder into a pneumatic side and a mechanical side, and transfer energy there between, the mechanism comprising: a piston, at least one pair of opposite facing gears mounted on said piston and disposed to engage with internal surface of said cylinder, at least two longitudinal rows of equally-spaced slots accommodated within interior surface of said cylinder disposed to engage with said gears, at least one electrical motor that also functions as electrical generator (motor/generator) mounted on said piston disposed to convert electrical power to mechanical power and vice versa, at least one mechanical power train disposed to transmit power there between said motor/generator and said piston via said gears, an electrical conductor disposed to transmit electrical power to and from said electrical motor/generator, a tube connected to said pneumatic side of said cylinder enabling initial charging of said pneumatic side with pressurized gas, a valve on said tube enabling isolation of said pneumatic side, an air vent connected to said mechanical side of said cylinder enabling exchange of air with atmosphere.",
    "2. The system of claim 1, wherein said electrical motor/generator is mounted at a fixed location outside said cylinder and replaced with a hydraulic motor that can also function as a pump (motor/pump) that is in fluid communication with a second hydraulic motor/pump that is in mechanical communication with said motor/generator.",
    "3. A method and apparatus for near-isothermal expansion and compression of a gas, the method and apparatus comprising: a cylinder disposed to store gas under pressure, serve as gas compression and expansion chamber, and exchange heat with surrounding environment, a movable mechanical boundary mechanism disposed inside said cylinder to separate said cylinder into a pneumatic side and a mechanical side, and transfer energy there between, the mechanism comprising: a piston, a screw shaft disposed longitudinally at center of said cylinder that traverses said piston at center, at least two bearings to support said screw shaft in position while providing said screw shaft with rotation capability about longitudinal axis, at least one screw nut having matching thread with said screw shaft mounted on said piston and fitted with sliding mechanism to engage said screw nut with said cylinder to allow longitudinal movement of said screw nut while preventing angular movement, at least one fixed electrical motor that also functions as electrical generator (motor/generator) in mechanical communication with said screw shaft, disposed to convert electrical power to mechanical power and vice versa, an electrical conductor disposed to transmit electrical power to and from the said electrical motor/generator, a tube connected to said pneumatic side of said cylinder enabling initial charging of said pneumatic side with pressurized gas, a valve on said conduit enabling isolation of said pneumatic side, an air vent connected to said mechanical side of said cylinder enabling exchange of air with atmosphere.",
    "4. A method and apparatus for near-isothermal expansion and compression of a gas, the method and apparatus comprising: a cylinder disposed to store gas under pressure, serve as gas compression and expansion chamber, and exchange heat with surrounding environment, a movable mechanical boundary mechanism disposed inside said cylinder to separate said cylinder into a pneumatic side and a mechanical side, and transfer energy there between, the mechanism comprising: a circular pellet having precisely matching thread on outer surface with interior surface thread of said cylinder to function as a piston, at least one electrical motor that also functions as electrical generator (motor/generator) inside said cylinder in mechanical communication with said piston fitted with sliding mechanism to engage said motor/generator with said cylinder to allow longitudinal movement of said motor/generator while preventing angular movement, an electrical conductor disposed to transmit electrical power to and from said electrical motor/generator, a tube connected to said pneumatic side of said cylinder enabling initial charging of said pneumatic side with pressurized gas, a valve on the said tube enabling isolation of said pneumatic side, an air vent connected to the said mechanical side of the said cylinder enabling exchange of air with atmosphere.",
    "5. The method and apparatus of claim 4, wherein said pellet is equipped with a seal to prevent gaseous exchange between the said pneumatic side and the said mechanical side."
  ],
  "description_excerpt": "The present invention is in the field of methods and devices for storing and recovering electrical energy using compressed gas. More specifically, the present invention discloses a new method and apparatus for near-isothermal gas compression and expansion in a closed vessel for electrical energy storage.\n\nThe ability to store electrical energy is widely recognized as a key limiting factor in the widespread use of renewable energies such as wind and solar, which are intrinsically intermittent in their supply capabilities. Electricity storage is also recognized as a necessity in an electrical grid to store excess (base) supply during hours of low demand for release during hours of high (peak) demand.\n\nThere are many techniques available for storing excess electrical energy for later release. A comprehensive account of the various available electrical energy storage techniques is provided in U.S. Pat. No. 7,832,207 (the '207 patent), the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.\n\nCompressed air energy storage (CAES) is an effective means of storing electrical energy and has a long history of development. The main challenge in accomplishing a high level of energy storage and recovery efficiency is to either maintain the temperature relatively constant during both compression (energy storage) and expansion (energy release) in an isothermal process, or store the heat generated during compression to reheat the gas during expansion in an adiabatic process.",
  "cpc": [
    "F04B 1/00",
    "F03C 1/00",
    "F04B 23/00",
    "F04B 35/008",
    "F04B 35/01",
    "F15B 1/024",
    "H02K 7/116",
    "H02K 7/1853"
  ],
  "ipc": [
    "H02K 7/116",
    "H02K 7/18",
    "F01K 13/00"
  ],
  "inventors": [
    "Shahriar Eftekharzadeh"
  ],
  "filing_date": "2016-02-08",
  "publication_date": "2017-10-10",
  "grant_date": "2017-10-10",
  "priority_date": "2016-02-08",
  "application_number": "US-201615018746-A",
  "family_id": "59496940",
  "cited_by_count": 3,
  "citations": [
    "US5730117A",
    "US5816668A",
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    "US20100270871A1",
    "US8037678B2",
    "US8109085B2",
    "US20130327029A1",
    "US20110266810A1",
    "US8733610B2",
    "US9314664B2"
  ]
}