Method and an apparatus for the detection of a tagging material in fluids

{
  "publication_number": "US9791407B2",
  "country": "US",
  "kind": "B2",
  "title": "Method and an apparatus for the detection of a tagging material in fluids",
  "abstract": "The present invention relates to a real time identification method of working/functional fluid products including a specified tagging material and an apparatus which is first capturing and then identifying the tagging material using a concentrator and an optical detector, simultaneously transferring the reading to a smart unit and finally releasing the tagging material.",
  "claims": [
    "1. An apparatus for real time identification of tagged working/functional fluids comprising a main fluid travelling conduit connecting a fluid entry port of an equipment/machine to the apparatus, an attachment section connecting the apparatus to the equipment/machine, an optical measurement section, and a smart unit which is adapted to determine the identity of a working/functional fluid, comprising: a) a splitting region inside the main fluid travelling conduit, splitting the main fluid travelling conduit into at least two partial conduits including at least one measurement conduit and at least one further alternate conduit for flowing the working/functional fluid, and a unifying region where the at least one measurement conduit and the at least one further alternate conduit are unified into the main fluid travelling conduit; b) a directing means to direct a tagging material to the at least one measurement conduit by generating electromagnetic force or electrostatic force; and c) a tagging material concentrator section located in the vicinity of the at least one measurement conduit comprising a magnetic or dielectrophoretic concentrator to employ a magnetic field or an electric field.",
    "2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the tagging material comprises a concentrator material and a light emitting material.",
    "3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the main fluid travelling conduit has a constant cross section.",
    "4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the main fluid travelling conduit has a variable cross section.",
    "5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the flow of the working/functional fluid is adapted to slow down or temporarily stop at the tagging material concentrator section.",
    "6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the tagging material concentrator section is a magnetic unit which is adapted to capture the tagging material using electromagnetic field gradient produced by directing means.",
    "7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the directing means is a permanent magnet.",
    "8. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the directing means is an electromagnet.",
    "9. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the directing means is a combination of permanent magnet and electromagnet.",
    "10. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein capturing the tagging material is enhanced with a low flow chamber in the main fluid travelling conduit.",
    "11. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein capturing the tagging material is enhanced with a mesh structure placed in the main fluid travelling conduit.",
    "12. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein capturing the tagging material is enhanced with an extra pool placed in the main fluid travelling conduit.",
    "13. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein captured tagging material is adapted to be released with a valve upon completion of identification of the tagging material.",
    "14. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the optical measurement section comprises at least one light source to illuminate the tagging material and at least one photodetector to detect emitted light from the tagging material.",
    "15. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the at least one photodetector is coupled with optical filters to measure the spectrum of the emitted light which provides a unique code, wherein the unique code becomes a registration number of the working/functional fluid.",
    "16. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein at least one photodetector has different color filters to identify different emission spectra.",
    "17. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the emitted light from the tagging material is adapted to be focused and collected onto the at least one photodetector using at least one lens.",
    "18. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the at least one light source is focused on the tagging material using the at least one lens.",
    "19. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the smart unit which is adapted to determine the identity of the working/functional fluid comprises: a database module that stores registration numbers of approved working/functional fluid specific to the equipment/machine; a comparison module that compares the registration number read by the at least one photodetector with the registration numbers stored in the database; a memory module that records all events based on comparison; a diagnostic module that receives data from the memory module; and a transfer module that sends the data using a communication means to a receiver.",
    "20. A method for real time identification of working/functional fluids used in equipment and machines, comprising the steps of: a) adding a tagging material comprising a concentrator material coupled with a light-emitting material to a working/functional fluid; b) filling the working/functional fluid by passing through a main fluid travelling conduit from a fluid entry port of an equipment/machine, wherein the main fluid travelling conduit splits into at least two partial conduits including at least one measurement conduit and at least one further alternate conduit for flowing the working/functional fluid; c) directing the tagging material to the at least one measurement conduit by a directing means which generates electromagnetic force or electrostatic force; d) capturing the tagging material at a tagging material concentrator section comprising a magnetic or dielectrophoretic concentrator which employs a magnetic field or an electric field to increase the concentration of the tagging material; e) illuminating the tagging material with at least one light source to excite the light-emitting material; f) detecting the light emitted from the light-emitting material using at least one photodetector, wherein the light emitted from the light-emitting material provides a unique code, and wherein the unique code becomes a registration number of the working/functional fluid; g) transferring the registration number to a smart unit for the determination of the identity of the working/functional fluid; and h) releasing the tagging material, captured at the tagging material concentrator section, into the working/functional fluid.",
    "21. The method according to claim 20, wherein the working/functional fluid is selected from engine oils, refined petroleum products, aqueous urea solutions, heat transfer fluids, transmission and hydraulic fluids, metalworking fluids and dielectric fluids.",
    "22. The method according to claim 20, wherein the concentrator material is a magnetic nanoparticle.",
    "23. The method according to claim 20, wherein the light emitting material is one or more organic light emitting molecules.",
    "24. The method according to claim 20, wherein the light emitting material is one or more quantum dots.",
    "25. The method according to claim 20, wherein the light emitting material is the combination of one or more organic light emitting molecules and one or more quantum dots.",
    "26. The method according to claim 20, wherein the tagging material has a size between 10 to 1000 nm.",
    "27. The method according to claim 20, wherein the concentrator material is a dielectric material whose dielectric coefficient is different than that of the working/functional fluid.",
    "28. The method according to claim 20, wherein the light emitting material has emission wavelength between 380-1100 nm.",
    "29. The method according to claim 20, wherein the tagging material concentrator section has a magnetic field gradient.",
    "30. The method according to claim 20, wherein the tagging material concentrator section has an electric field gradient.",
    "31. The method according to claim 30, wherein the electric field is a time-varying field.",
    "32. The method according to claim 20, wherein operations processed by the smart unit comprise: a) storing registration numbers of approved working/functional fluid specific to the equipment/machine; b) comparing the registration number read by the at least one photodetector with the registration numbers stored in a database; c) recording in a memory module all events based on comparison; d) self-testing of the memory module; and e) transferring data using a communication means to a receiver."
  ],
  "description_excerpt": "Present invention relates to a real time (online) identification method of working/functional fluid products comprising a specified tagging material and an apparatus which is first capturing and then identifying the tagging material by using concentrator and optical detector, simultaneously transferring the reading to the smart unit and finally releasing the tagging material.\n\nSince product counterfeiting, product adulteration, unauthorized distribution and sale of products as well as false liability based on product substitution are major problems for manufacturers, it is important to identify the origin or the grade quality of fluid products like working/functional fluids during storage, transportation, distribution and in use. Working/functional fluids comprise engine oils, petroleum products, aqueous urea solutions (like AUS32), heat transfer fluids, transmission and hydraulic fluids, metalworking fluids, dielectric fluids.\n\nBranded products i.e. lubricating oils or petroleum fuels can be tampered by dilution with lower or unspecified grade products. Consumers who are willing to pay more money for their expensive equipment or machine may lose their belief for the reputation of branded products, if product they buy has been counterfeited or adulterated. These adulterations result in lower performance of the equipment/machine in which these working/functional fluids are used.\n\nThere is also a need, for example, in case of an accident to identify the origin of the leaking or spilling fluid products from an unknown source to understand and evaluate their environmental risks.",
  "cpc": [
    "G01N 27/447",
    "C10L 1/003",
    "G01N 21/6428",
    "G01N 21/643",
    "G01N 33/2882"
  ],
  "ipc": [
    "G01N 27/447",
    "C10L 1/00",
    "G01N 21/64"
  ],
  "assignees": [
    "Koc Universitesi",
    "Kuantag Nanoteknolojiler Gelistirme ve Uretim AS"
  ],
  "inventors": [
    "Hakan Urey",
    "Havva Yagci Acar",
    "Caglar Elbuken",
    "Basarbatu Can",
    "Osman Vedat Akgun",
    "Fahri Kerem Uygurmen"
  ],
  "filing_date": "2012-10-23",
  "publication_date": "2017-10-17",
  "grant_date": "2017-10-17",
  "priority_date": "2012-10-23",
  "application_number": "US-201214437178-A",
  "family_id": "47297111",
  "cited_by_count": 13,
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