Reference Dose

{
  "id": "MLC-T-ENV-023502",
  "term": "Reference Dose",
  "field": "Environment",
  "definition": "1. An estimate (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of a daily oral exposure to the human population (including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime. It can be derived from a NOAEL, LOAEL, or benchmark dose, with uncertainty factors generally applied to reflect limitations of the data used. Generally used in EPA's noncancer health assessments. [Durations include acute, short-term, subchronic, and chronic and are defined individually in this glossary].\n\n2. The particular concentration of a chemical that is known to cause health problems. A standard that also may be referred to as the acceptable daily intake.\n\n3. The daily exposure level which, during an entire lifetime of a human, appears to be without appreciable risk on the basis of all facts known at the time.\n\n4. The RfD is a numerical estimate of a daily oral exposure to the human population, including sensitive subgroups such as children, that is not likely to cause harmful effects during a lifetime. RfDs are generally used for health effects that are thought to have a threshold or low dose limit for producing effects.\n\n5. An estimate (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of a daily oral dose exposure to the human population (including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime. It can be derived from a NOAEL, LOAEL, or benchmark dose, with uncertainty factors generally applied to reflect limitations of the data used. Generally used in EPA's noncancer human health risk assessments.\n\n6. An estimate (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of a daily oral exposure to the human population (including sensitive target groups) that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious noncancer effects during a lifetime. It can be derived from a NOAEL, LOAEL, or benchmark dose, with uncertainty factors generally applied to reflect limitations of the data used. Generally used in U.S. EPA's noncancer health assessments. Durations include acute, short-term, subchronic, and chronic.\n\n7. The Reference Dose (RfD) is an estimate (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of daily exposure [RfD] to the human population (including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious noncancer effects during a lifetime.\n\n8. An estimate (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of a daily oral exposure to the human population (including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be without appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime.\n\n9. An estimate (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of a daily oral exposure to the human population (including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime. It can be derived from a NOAEL, LOAEL, or benchmark dose, with uncertainty factors generally applied to reflect limitations of the data used. Generally used in EPA’s noncancer health assessments.\n\n10. An EPA estimate, with uncertainty or safety factors built in, of the daily lifetime dose of a substance that is unlikely to cause harm in humans.\n\n11. Oral reference dose. EPA defines a reference dose as an estimate, with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude, of a daily oral exposure to the human population (including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime.",
  "abbreviation": "RfD",
  "subject": "Health and safety",
  "references": [
    "Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) Glossary; Risk Assessment Glossary",
    "Pesticides Glossary",
    "Drinking Water Technical & Legal Terms",
    "Terms of Environment; EPA 2005b",
    "Community-Based Air Pollution Projects Glossary",
    "Exposure Factors Handbook: Glossary",
    "Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators (RSEI) Glossary",
    "Benchmark Dose Software (BMDS) Glossary of Terms",
    "EPA 2003",
    "ATSDR 2004",
    "America's Children and the Environment Terms"
  ],
  "url": "https://mlchart.com/terminology/environment/reference-dose/"
}