Virus

{
  "id": "MLC-T-ENV-029763",
  "term": "Virus",
  "field": "Environment",
  "definition": "1. Submicroscopic pathogen consisting of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein coat. Requires a host in which to replicate (reproduce).\n\n2. The smallest form of microorganisms capable of causing disease. Especially, a virus of fecal origin that is infectious to humans by waterborne transmission.\n\n3. A non-cellular particle that consists minimally of protein or nucleic acid (DNA or RNA). In order to survive, it must replicate inside another cell, such as a bacterium or a plant and animal cell.\n\n4. Minute infectious agents whose genomes are composed of DNA or RNA, but not both. They are characterized by a lack of independent metabolism and the inability to replicate outside living host cells.\n\n5. A microscopic infectious agent that requires a living host cell in order to replicate. Viruses often cause disease in humans, including measles, mumps, rubella, polio, influenza, and the common cold. HIV is the virus that causes AIDS.\n\n6. A noncellular biological entity that can reproduce only within a host cell. Viruses consist of nucleic acid covered by protein; some animal viruses are also surrounded by membrane. Inside the infected cell, the virus uses the synthetic capability of the host to produce progeny virus.\n\n7. An infectious agent which consists of two parts, genetic material and a protein coat. These organisms lack independent metabolism, and they must infect the cells of other types of organisms to reproduce. Most viruses are capable of passing through fine filters that retain bacteria, and are not visible through a light microscope.\n\n8. A virus is an infectious agent that occupies a place near the boundary between the living and the nonliving. It is a particle much smaller than a bacterial cell, consisting of a small genome of either DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat. Viruses enter host cells and hijack the enzymes and materials of the host cells to make more copies of themselves. Viruses cause a wide variety of diseases in plants and animals, including AIDS, measles, smallpox, and polio.\n\n9. A non-cellular particle that consists minimally of protein or nucleic acid (DNA or RNA). In order to survive, it must replicate inside another cell, such as a bacterium or a plant and animal cell. [FDA 2001]\n\n10. A large group of infectious agents, much smaller than bacteria, that is able to be viewed only through an electron microscope. They are not cells, but biologically active particles that vary in size from 0.01 to 0.1 microns. [CRCWQT 2002]\n\n11. Tiny organism that multiplies within cells and causes disease such as chickenpox, measles, mumps, rubella, pertussis and hepatitis. Viruses are not affected by antibiotics, the drugs used to kill bacteria.",
  "subject": "Policy and guidance",
  "references": [
    "Sediment Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) Glossary",
    "Drinking Water Technical & Legal Terms",
    "FDA 2001",
    "NLM Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)",
    "NIH AIDS Info Glossary",
    "DOE Human Genome Project Information, Genome Glossary",
    "National Cancer Institute Thesaurus",
    "NIH Genetics Home Reference Glossary",
    "Thesaurus of Terms Used in Microbial Risk Assessment",
    "CDC Vaccines and Immunizations Glossary"
  ],
  "url": "https://mlchart.com/terminology/environment/virus/"
}