Environment terminology · MLC-0121

Environment terms: V (436)

• V ZoneAreas where wave action and/or high velocity water can cause damage in the 100-year flood; see also A Zone.
• VaccinationPhysical act of administering any vaccine or toxoid.
• Vaccine1. Suspension of live (usually attenuated) or inactivated microorganisms (e.g. bacteria or viruses) or...
• VacuoleA vacuole is a membrane-bound cell organelle. In animal cells, vacuoles are generally small and help...
• Vacuum DistillationThe distillation of petroleum under vacuum which reduces the boiling temperature sufficiently to prevent...
• vacuum draft tubeA narrow tube lowered into an extraction well through which a strong vacuum is pulled via a suction pump at...
• Vacuum HosesVacuum hoses provide intake manifold pressure (vacuum) to systems on the engine and the vehicle. They can be...
• Vacuum ImpregnationUsed to reduce the porosity of the part. A filler material (usually organic) is applied to the surface of the...
• Vacuum Injection SystemSystem in which a vacuum draws particulate from a storage container into a closed system that transfers...
• Vacuum PlatingApplying a thin layer of metal oxide onto a part using molten metal in a vacuum chamber.
• Vadose Zone1. The zone between land surface and the water table within which the moisture content is less than...
• Vagina1. The female genital canal, extending from the uterus to the vulva.
• VagrantA species that has strayed beyond its natural range but has not established reproducing populations.
• Valdez Oil DisasterShortly after midnight on March 24, 1989, the 987-foot tank vessel Exxon Valdez struck Bligh Reef in Prince...
• Valid DataQuality-assured data generated by continuous monitoring systems that are installed, operated, and maintained...
• Valid electronic signatureAs defined in § 3.3 of CROMERR, an electronic signature on an electronic document that has been created with...
• Valid StudyStudy that has been conducted in accordance with the Good Laboratory Practice standards of 40 CFR part 160 or...
• VALID TRANSACTION FILESIn electronic records, files containing new data to be processed together with master files to create updated...
• Validated Method1. The process that demonstrates the suitability of an analytic method for its intended purpose.
• Validated TestTest determined by the Agency to have been conducted and evaluated in a manner consistent with accepted...
• Validation1. An analyte- and sample-specific process that extends the evaluation of data beyond method, procedural, or...
• Validation (of a Model)Process of determining how well the mathematical model's computer representation describes the actual...
• Validity1. The extent to which a measurement instrument or test accurately measures what it is supposed to measure.
• Validity AssessmentThe procedures necessary to demonstrate that a question or questions are measuring the concepts that they...
• ValleyLinear depression in the Earth's surface that generally slopes from one end to the other.
• Valley FillFill structure consisting of any material other than coal waste and organic material that is placed in a...
• Valley Fill MiningSurface coal mining operations occurring on mountaintops, ridges, and other steep slopes that produce excess...
• valuation1. Generally, the process of estimating the worth, merit or desirability of something. Specifically with...
• Valuation MethodMethod for determining the true value of an asset, e.g., oil produced on American Indian leases.
• value1. Generally, the worth, merit or desirability of something. It can be expressed quantitatively (for example...
• Value Engineering1. Specialized cost control technique which uses a systematic and creative approach to identify and to focus...
• Value of Statistical Life1. Amount people are willing to pay to reduce risk so that on average one less person is expected to die from...
• Value of statistical life yearAn estimated dollar value for a year of statistical life. In practice this metric is typically derived by...
• Value ScaleThe idea that some things can be ranked on a scale of moral value. For example, one might hold that human...
• Value System1. The particular (frequently subjective) point of view of an individual or the common point of view of a...
• Value-Added ProductsA general term that refers to agricultural products that have increased in value due to processing. Examples...
• Valued Environmental Attributes/ComponentsThose aspects(components/processes/functions) of ecosystems, human health, and environmental welfare...
• Valve1. A shell on a mollusk. Mollusks with two shells (such as clams and oysters) are called bivalves.
• Valve TypeAny device for halting or regulating the flow of a liquid or gas through a passage, pipeline, inlet, outlet...
• Valves Per CylinderThe total number of intake and exhaust valves per engine cylinder.
• Van1. Any light truck having an integral enclosure fully enclosing the driver compartment and load carrying...
• van der Waals AttractionThe weak attraction between two or more chemical entities that is caused by the polarization of adjacent...
• Vanadium and Vanadium CompoundsIncludes any unique chemical substance that contains vanadium as part of that chemical's infrastructure.
• Vanadium Compounds (1.0)Includes any unique chemical substance that contains vanadium as part of that chemical's infrastructure.
• Vapor1. The gas given off by substances that are solids or liquids at ordinary atmospheric pressure and...
• Vapor Balance SystemCombination of pipes and hoses that create a closed system between the vapor spaces of an unloading gasoline...
• Vapor Balancing System1. Piping system that is designed to collect organic HAP vapors displaced from tank trucks or railcars during...
• Vapor Barrier EnclosureRoom that encloses a dry cleaning system and is constructed of vapor barrier material that is impermeable to...
• Vapor Capture System1. Any combination of hoods and ventilation system that captures or contains organic vapors so they may be...
• Vapor Collection System1. Any equipment used for containing total organic compounds vapors displaced during the loading of gasoline...
• Vapor Collection-Equipped Gasoline Cargo TankGasoline cargo tank that is outfitted with the equipment necessary to transfer vapors, displaced during the...
• Vapor Compression Cooling DeviceUses solar thermal energy to operate a Rankine-cycle heat engine
• vapor densityThe amount of mass of a vapor per unit volume of the vapor.
• Vapor Dispersion1. The movement of vapor clouds or plumes in the air due to wind, gravity, spreading, and mixing.
• Vapor intrusion1. The migration of volatile chemicals from contaminated groundwater or soil into an overlying building.
• Vapor LeakPCE vapor concentration exceeding 25 parts per million by volume (50 parts per million by volume as methane)...
• Vapor Phase MigrationThe migration of volatile chemicals from contaminated groundwater or soil.
• Vapor PlumeFlue gas visible because it contains water droplets.
• Vapor PlumesFlue gases visible because they contain water droplets.
• vapor pressure1. The force per unit area exerted by a vapor in an equilibrium state with its pure solid, liquid, or...
• Vapor Processing SystemAll equipment used for recovering or oxidizing total organic compounds vapors displaced from the affected...
• Vapor Processing System RefurbishmentWith reference to a vapor processing system, replacement of components of, or addition of components to, the...
• Vapor Recovery System1. A system by which the volatile gases from gasoline are captured instead of being released into the...
• Vaporization UnitProcess unit that performs controlled heat input to vaporize LNG to supply transmission and distribution...
• Vapor-Mounted Seal1. Foam-filled primary seal mounted continuously around the circumference of the tank so there is an annular...
• Vapor-Tight EquipmentEquipment that allows no loss of vapors. Compliance with vapor-tight requirements can be determined by...
• Vapor-Tight Gasoline Cargo Tank1. Gasoline cargo tank which has demonstrated within the 12 preceding months that it meets the annual...
• Vapor-Tight Gasoline Tank TruckGasoline tank truck which has demonstrated within the 12 preceding months that its product delivery tank will...
• Vapor-Tight Transport Vehicle1. Transport vehicle that has been demonstrated to be vapor-tight. To be considered vapor-tight, a transport...
• Variability1. Variability refers to observed differences attributable to true heterogeneity or diversity. Variability is...
• Variability During Routine Operations1. Changes during the routine running of samples that might contribute to variability of results. This might...
• Variability Factor1. One of several, generally 10-fold, default factors used in operationally deriving the RfD and RfC from...
• Variable1. A measured or estimated quantity which describes an object or can be observed in a system and which is...
• Variable Air VolumeAn HVAC system strategy through which the volume of air delivered to conditioned spaces is varied as a...
• Variable Air Volume System1. Air handling system that conditions the air to constant temperature and varies the outside airflow to...
• Variable ChargeThe portion of a water bill that varies with water usage; also known as a commodity charge.
• Variable CostCosts associated with water service that vary with the amount of water produced or sold.
• Variable CostsInput costs that change as the nature of the production activity of its circumstances change; for example, as...
• Variable Density LogLog of the acoustic wave train that is recorded photographically, so that variations in darkness are related...
• Variable Frequency Drive1. A specific type of adjustable-speed drive that controls the rotational speed of an alternating current...
• Variable Lock-Up PointTypically, transmissions with electronic transmission control, have more than one set of torque converter...
• Variable Peak PricingVariable Peak Pricing (VPP) is a hybrid of time-of-use and real-time pricing where the different periods for...
• Variable Stage StreamStream flows perennially but water level rises and falls significantly with storm and runoff events.
• Variable, Types ofA functional relationship between two variables is expressed by a mathematical formula: Y=f(X). Y denotes the...
• Variable Water Usage ChargeThe portion of a water bill that varies with water usage.
• Variable-Speed EngineEngine that is not a constant-speed engine. [40 CFR 1039.801 (CFR 2013)][40 CFR 1042.901 (CFR 2013)][40 CFR...
• Variable-Speed OperationEngine operation that does not meet the definition of constant-speed operation.
• Variance1. State or USEPA permission not to meet a certain drinking water standard. The water system must prove that...
• Variance (Data)1. Measure of the spread of a distribution, equal to the square of the standard deviation (SD). Calculated as...
• Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob DiseasevCJD is a variant of the most commonly identified TSE in humans, classic (sporadic) Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease...
• variationThe difference among individual outputs of a process. The causes of variation can be grouped into two major...
• VarnishClear or semi-transparent coating, excluding lacquers and shellacs, formulated and recommended to provide a...
• VarnishingA finishing process whereby a transparent varnish is applied over the printed sheet to produce a glossy...
• Vas Deferens1. Duct carrying spermatozoa.
• Vasa NervorumBlood vessels supplying the nerves.
• Vasa VasorumNutrient blood vessels which supply the walls of large arteries or veins.
• Vascular BundleA strand of primary conductive plant tissue consisting essentially of xylem, phloem, and cambium.
• Vascular EndotheliumSingle pavement layer of cells which line the luminal surface of the entire vascular system and regulate the...
• Vascular Plant1. Higher plants with vessels that conduct sap throughout the plant.
• Vascular Pressure RegulationRegulation of pressure in the human blood vessels
• Vascular WiltsThe plant disease of the vascular system caused by plant pathogenic agents.
• VasodilationDilation (expansion of a vessel, especially of arterioles) leading to increased blood flow to a part
• Vasodilator AgentDrug used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.
• Vasopressin Receptor BindingA process that involves the non-covalent binding of vasopressin to one of three arginine vasopressin receptor...
• VealA calf (usually male) that is raised on milk and is intended to be used for meat at a young age. Veal meat is...
• Vector1. An organism, often an insect or rodent, that carries disease.
• Vector AttractionCharacteristic of sewage sludge that attracts rodents, flies, mosquitos, or other organisms capable of...
• Vector graphicsA vector is a mathematically calculated method of plotting accurate lines and curves. Unlike bitmap images...
• Vector Population ChangeChanges in number, type or occurrences of organisms that transmit disease or parasite from one organism or...
• Vector-Based VaccineVaccine which uses a delivery vehicle to get the vaccine into the host cells.
• Vector-borne TransmissionVectors are animals that are capable of transmitting diseases. Examples of vectors are flies, mites, fleas...
• VectorsChanges in number, type or occurrences of organisms that transmit disease or parasite from one organism or...
• Veering WindWinds which shift in a clockwise direction with time at a given location (e.g., from southerly to westerly)...
• Vegetable CropPlants that are grown for human food but are not considered to be a culinary fruit, nut, herb, spice or grain.
• Vegetable DiseasesDiseases of a plant that is commonly eaten by humans as food, but is not considered to be a culinary fruit...
• Vegetable Oil1. Oils extracted from vegetation.
• Vegetable Oil Production ProcessContinuous process for producing crude vegetable oil and meal products, including specialty soybean products...
• Vegetable TanProcess of converting hides into leather using chemicals either derived from vegetable matter or synthesized...
• Vegetal ColorationA resemblance to vegetation which allows organisms to conceal themselves from predators or prey.
• Vegetated AreaDescribes all portions of the site that will support vegetation.
• Vegetated PlanterSmall, contained vegetated area that is used to collect and treat stormwater through the mechanisms provided...
• Vegetated RoofA vegetative system installed on top of and in addition to the traditional roof system.
• Vegetated ShallowPermanently inundated areas that under normal circumstances support communities of rooted aquatic vegetation...
• Vegetated shallows1. Special aquatic sites under the 404(b)(1) Guidelines. They are areas that are permanently inundated and...
• vegetated swalesA shallow drainage conveyance that has vegetative turf (typically grasses) with relatively gentle side...
• Vegetation and Soil Protection ZoneArea of soil or vegetation to be protected from construction impacts from overall site development; shall not...
• Vegetation CanopyThe branches and leaves of woody plants that are formed some distance above the ground.
• Vegetation ChoppingA mechanical treatment whereby vegetation is concentrated near the ground and incorporated into the soil to...
• Vegetation MappingVegetation maps delineate the various types of vegetation located in a given geographic area. EPA uses them...
• Vegetation-Damaged WetlandWetland plants are susceptible to degradation if subjected to hydrological changes and pollution inputs...
• Vegetative Controls1. Non-point source pollution control practices that involve plants (vegetative cover) to reduce erosion and...
• Vegetative MorphogenesisGrowth of shoots and leaves
• Vegetative ReproductionEither:(1) In seed plants, reproduction by apomixis, or(2) In other plants, reproduction by fragmentation, or...
• Vehicle1. As used in this manual, "vehicle" is used as a convenient abbreviation for the collection of all...
• Vehicle AcceptanceMeasured emissions of the vehicle when measured in accordance with the applicable procedure, conforms to the...
• Vehicle Aftertreatment SystemThis system is comprised of multiple components, which are responsible for filtering the engine exhaust gas...
• Vehicle Air Conditioning SystemUnique combination of air conditioning and climate control components, including: compressor type (e.g...
• Vehicle AssemblyGenerally refers to a group of interdependent components joined together to perform a defined function (e.g...
• Vehicle BatteryThe battery provides electricity to start the engine and power vehicle electronics/accessories.
• Vehicle Body PartExterior parts such as hoods, fenders, doors, roof, quarter panels, decklids, tail gates, and cargo beds...
• Vehicle Body Style1. Level of commonality in vehicle construction as defined by number of doors and roof treatment (e.g...
• Vehicle Body TypeName denoting a group of vehicles that are either in the same car line or in different car lines provided the...
• Vehicle by FuelVehicles categorized by the type of fuel they use.
• Vehicle by Regulatory StatusVehicles categorized by the emission standards status.
• Vehicle by UseVehicles grouped by their function or use.
• Vehicle CharacteristicMotor vehicle attribute, often used for regulatory purposes.
• Vehicle Charge PortThe charge port allows the vehicle to connect to an external power supply in order to charge the traction...
• Vehicle ClassGroup of vehicles which are identical in all material aspects with respect to the parameters listed in §...
• Vehicle Class 2bRelating to heavy-duty vehicles at or below 10,000 pounds GVWR.
• Vehicle Class 3Relating to heavy-duty vehicles above 10,000 pounds GVWR and at or below 14,000 pounds GVWR.
• Vehicle Class/SubclassDivisions of vehicle groups within a vehicle type, including light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, and...
• Vehicle CoatingThin layer of material generally used to protect all or some parts of a vehicle body.
• Vehicle ComponentElement or part of a vehicle.
• Vehicle Configuration1. Unique combination of basic engine, engine code, inertia weight class, transmission configuration, and...
• Vehicle Configuration Category1. Group of vehicle configurations which are identical in all material aspects with respect to the parameters...
• Vehicle Electric TransmissionThe transmission transfers mechanical power from the electric traction motor to drive the wheels. .
• Vehicle Electricity PriceElectricity prices are based on residential rates for light-duty vehicles because a majority of vehicle...
• Vehicle Emissions LabelThe EPA vehicle emissions label is entitled "Vehicle Emission Control Information", and will contain the name...
• Vehicle ExhaustExhaust gases emitted from vehicles as products of fuel combustion
• Vehicle FamilyMeaning given in § 1037.230.
• Vehicle Family Configuration1. Unique combination of vehicle hardware and calibration (related to measured or modeled emissions) within a...
• Vehicle FleetGroup of vehicles operated for a common purpose.
• Vehicle Friction ProductFriction articles such as brakes and clutches, other than aftermarket automotive brakes and linings...
• Vehicle Fueling Pump LocationAny building, structure, facility, or installation which; is owned or operated by a person, or is under the...
• Vehicle Garaged at Personal ResidenceVehicle that, when it is not in use, is normally parked at the personal residence of the individual who...
• Vehicle Malfunction1. Not operating according to specifications (e.g., those specifications listed in the certification...
• Vehicle ManufacturerMeaning given in section 216(1) of the Act. In general, this term includes any person who manufactures or...
• Vehicle miles traveled1. The total number of miles traveled in a given period of time by a given vehicle or fleet of vehicles. When...
• Vehicle Miles TravelledA measure of the extent of motor vehicle operation; the total number of vehicle miles travelled within a...
• Vehicle ModelSpecific combination of car line, body style, and drivetrain configuration. [40 CFR 86.082-2 (CFR 2018)]v
• Vehicle Model Type1. Unique combination of car line, basic engine, and transmission class.
• Vehicle Model Year1. Manufacturer’s annual production period (as determined by the Administrator) which includes January 1 of...
• Vehicle Option1. Any available equipment or feature not standard equipment on a model.
• Vehicle Service ClassVehicle's weight class as specified in this definition. Note that, while vehicle service class is similar to...
• Vehicle Small ManufacturerManufacturer meeting the small business criteria specified in 13 CFR 121.201 for vocational vehicles and...
• Vehicle Subconfiguration1. Unique combination within a vehicle configuration of equivalent test weight, road-load horsepower, and any...
• Vehicle SubfamilySubset of a vehicle family including vehicles subject to the same FEL(s).
• Vehicle SystemRefers to a group of interdependent subsystems, sub-subsystems, assemblies and/or components, working...
• Vehicle to Grid Charging StationAn plug-in electric vehicle charging station that can also deliver AC power to the utility power system from...
• Vehicle Transmission Class1. Group of transmissions having the following common features: Basic transmission type (manual, automatic...
• Vehicle Transmission Configuration1. Administrator may further subdivide within a transmission class if the Administrator determines that...
• Vehicle Transmission TypeBasic type of the transmission (e.g., automatic, manual, automated manual, semi-automatic, or continuously...
• Vehicle Type1. A class of vehicle determined by commonly used sales groupings, including Large Cars, Midsize Cars...
• Vehicle Useful Life1. Defined for each class (see §86.419) of motorcycle: (1) Class I-A - 5.0 years or 6,000 km (3,728 miles)...
• Vehicle WashDevice for removing dust and other accumulated material from the wheels, body, and underside of a vehicle to...
• Vehicle Wheelbase1. Meaning given in § 86.1803 of this chapter.
• Vehicle Which Transports PropertyVehicle:(i) Is self propelled and is capable of transporting any material or fixed apparatus, or is capable...
• Vehicle-Borne TransmissionTransmission of an agent by an inanimate object; considered a type of indirect transmission; includes...
• Vehicle-Specific 5-Cycle Carbon DioxideCO2 calculated according to the procedures in § 600.114.
• Vehicle-Specific 5-Cycle Fuel EconomyFuel economy calculated according to the procedures in § 600.114.
• Vein1. A vessel carrying blood away from the capillary beds.
• VeligerFree-floating, planktonic larvae of certain mollusks, such as snails, oysters and sea slugs.
• Velocity panelsA set of stacked test sections with a progression of assumed normal-moveout velocities applied. A powerful...
• Veneer1. Thin sheets of wood peeled or sliced from logs for use in the manufacture of wood products such as...
• Veneer CorePlatform for making hardwood plywood or laminated products that consists of veneer.
• Veneer DryerEquipment in which veneer is dried.
• Veneer RedryerDryer heated by conventional means, such as direct wood-fired, direct-gas-fired, or steam heated, that is...
• Venezuelan Equine EncephalomyelitisThe disease in horses caused by a species of Alphavirus. It is seen most commonly in parts of Central and...
• Venom1. A poisonous fluid produced by an animal that is transmitted by a bite or a sting. Venom is used to capture...
• Vent1. The connection and piping through which gases enter and exit a piece of equipment.
• Vent Collection SystemHoods, enclosures, ductwork and fans utilized to remove particulate emissions from chemical preparations...
• Vent Stream1. Any gas stream discharged directly from a distillation facility to the atmosphere or indirectly to the...
• Vented CellA battery designed with a vent mechanism to expel gases generated during charging.
• Vented Dry Abrasive BlastingDry abrasive blasting where the blast material is moved by air flow from within the chamber to outside the...
• Vented EmissionIntentional or designed releases of CH4 or CO2 containing natural gas or hydrocarbon gas (not including...
• Ventilated Home(Home where there is) the intentional exchange of indoor air with outdoor air to reduce indoor pollutants...
• Ventilation1. The circulation of air through a building in order to expel noxious air and admit clean, fresh air.
• Ventilation AirDefined as the total air, which is a combination of the air brought inside from outdoors and the air that is...
• Ventilation HoleVent hole, shaft, mine portal, adit or other mine entrance or exits employed at an underground coal mine to...
• Ventilation Rate1. The rate at which indoor air enters and leaves a building. Expressed as the number of changes of outdoor...
• Ventilation Shaft1. Well or shaft employed at an underground coal mine to serve as the outlet or conduit to move air from the...
• Ventilation WellWell or shaft employed at an underground coal mine to serve as the outlet or conduit to move air from the...
• Ventral Nerve CordThe nervous system of some invertebrates
• Ventricular fibrillationIrregular heart beat characterized by uncoordinated contraction of the ventricle
• venturi1. A short tube with a constricted throat for determining fluid pressures and velocities by measuring...
• Venturi ScrubberType of wet scrubber that is usually highly efficient but requires a large amount of energy to operate. (Wet...
• Venturi ScrubbersAir pollution control devices that use water to remove particulate matter from emissions.
• VerapamilA calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent. [NLM Medical Subject Headings (MeSH}]
• Verbascum thapsusCommon mullein, also known as wooly mullein, is an erect herb. First year mullein plants are low-growing...
• Verification1. An effort to test the accuracy of the questionnaire response data. The concern is uniquely with data...
• Verification (code)Examination of the algorithms and numerical technique in the computer code to ascertain that they truly...
• Verification (of a Model)Testing the accuracy and predictive capabilities of the calibrated model on a data set independent of the...
• Verification ProtocolSet of procedures for assuring the appropriate requirements are met.
• Verified PredictionsA type of evidence in which predictions about conditions in the receiving system, based on knowledge of the...
• Verified Renewable Identification NumberRIN generated by a renewable fuel producer that was subject to a QAP audit executed by an independent...
• Verified TechnologyCommercial-ready environmental technology with credible performance data for the benefit of purchasers...
• VermiculiteA chemically inert, lightweight, fire resistant, and odorless magnesium silicate material that is generally...
• Vernacular HousingHomes designed by techniques discovered over time by local builders that reflect the geographical, cultural...
• Vernal PoolSeasonal depressional wetlands that occur under the Mediterranean climate conditions of the West Coast and in...
• Vernal poolsSeasonal depressional wetlands that occur under the Mediterranean climate conditions of the West Coast and in...
• Version ControlTerms in the model that are fixed during a model run or simulation but can be changed in different runs as a...
• VertebraeBones in the spinal column
• VertebrataAnimals that have a spinal column or backbone belong to this classification
• Vertebrate1. An animal with a backbone, including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.
• Vertebrate Musculoskeletal SystemThe system in vertebrates combining muscles and bones to enable movement
• Vertebrate SpeciesAnimals belonging to the Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata. Included are organisms in the Class Agnatha...
• Vertebrate Species with Semi-Aquatic HabitsVertebrate species that either breed in water but live primarily on land (e.g., many amphibians) or breed out...
• VertebratesAnimals with a backbone, such as fish, birds, and mammals.
• Vertical ContainmentVertical barrier consisting of plastic sheeting or other impermeable material over scaffolding or a rigid...
• Vertical FarmingCultivation of vegetables, fruits, etc., vertically, within a building or other high rise structure, in a...
• Vertical Roller MillGrinder used to make very small particles. Useful for processing minerals and cements.
• vertical stability (degradation/aggradation)The ability of a stream system to maintain a constant or balanced profile without deposition of sediment...
• Vertical strataDescribes the height/depth from the earths surface at which a resource or emission occurs [Original source...
• Vertical Stud Soderberg OneAll existing vertical stud Soderberg potlines located either at Northwest Aluminum in The Dalles, Oregon, or...
• Vertical Stud Soderberg ProcessMethod of primary aluminum reduction using the Soderberg process, in which the electrical current is...
• Vertical Stud Soderberg TwoAll existing vertical stud Soderberg potlines located at Columbia Falls Aluminum in Columbia Falls, Montana.
• Vertical WellWell bore that is primarily vertical but has some unintentional deviation or one or more intentional...
• Vertically Fired BoilerDry bottom boiler with circular burners, or coal and air pipes, oriented downward and mounted on waterwalls...
• VerticilliumA mitosporic fungal genus commonly isolated from soil. Some species are the cause of wilt diseases in many...
• Verticillium WiltA plant disease caused by fungi of the genus Verticillium, which results in the shriveling, drooping, and...
• VertigoDizziness; an illusion of movement as if the external world were revolving around an individual or as if the...
• VertisolsThe central concept of Vertisols is that of clayey soils that have deep, wide cracks for some time during the...
• Very highEmission release height greater than 150m [Original source: https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-11-473].
• Very High-Pressure Appliance1. An appliance that uses a refrigerant with a critical temperature below 104 °F or with a liquid phase...
• Very Large Water SystemDrinking water system that serves more than 100,000 people.
• Very Low Impedance CableCables that use conducting materials that are very low impedance, which can enable better power flow control...
• Very Low Sulfur FuelEither:(1) A fuel with a total sulfur content no greater than 0.05 percent sulfur by weight;(2) Natural gas...
• Very Low Sulfur OilFor units constructed, reconstructed, or modified on or before February 28, 2005, oil that contains no more...
• VesicantCausing blisters
• Vesicular Exanthema of SwineA calicivirus infection of swine characterized by hydropic degeneration of the oral and cutaneous epithelia.
• VESICULAR FILMIn microform records, film containing images produced by exposure to ultraviolet light and then heat for the...
• Vessel1. Every description of watercraft or other artificial contrivance used, or capable of being used, as a means...
• Vessel (Container)Any reactor, tank, drum, barrel, cylinder, vat, kettle, boiler, pipe, hose, or other container.
• Vessel OperatorAny individual that physically operates or maintains a vessel, or exercises managerial control over the...
• Vessel OwnerIndividual or company that holds legal title to a vessel. [40 CFR 94.2 (CFR 2013)]
• Vessel SewageHuman body wastes and the wastes from toilets and other receptacles intended to receive or retain body wastes...
• Vessel (Transportation)1. Includes every description of watercraft, used or capable of being used as a means of transportation on...
• VeteranFormer members of the armed services.
• Veteran StatusA "civilian veteran" is a person 18 years old or over who has served (even for a short time), but is not now...
• Veterinary DrugDrugs used by veterinarians in the treatment of animal diseases. The veterinarian's pharmacological...
• Veterinary MedicineThe diagnosis and treatment of diseases and injuries of companion, domestic, exotic, wildlife and production...
• viable but not (non-) culturable (bacteria)VBNC bacteria represent the part of the bacteria population, which is not able to grow in usual culture media...
• VibrationThe periodic motion of friable ACBM which may result in the release of asbestos.
• vibratory headAn assembly made of hydraulically operated vibrators that clamp onto DP rods. High-frequency vibration helps...
• Vibrio cholerae(Various bacterial strains including a bacterium) which is responsible for Asiatic or epidemic cholera. No...
• Vicinity PropertyProperties outside a processing site boundary that have been contaminated by residual radioactive materials...
• VideoGeneral term for an audiovisual program - usually a motion picture - that is produced in a digital format.
• Video DescriptionAn audio narration for television viewers who are blind or visually disabled, which consists of verbal...
• Video transcriptionMethod by which trained videographers tape a child's activities and subsequently extract data manually with...
• VideocastA video produced for the Web and made available for streaming and/or download onto a personal mp3 device.
• VIDEODISKA disk on which pictures or pictures and sounds are recorded and stored as analog signals.
• View LandscapeA landscape which due to its juxtaposition with areas of human use is vulnerable to critical observation by...
• Vincetoxicum nigrumBlack or Louis’ swallow-wort (previously Vincetoxicum nigrum and Cynanchum nigrum) is a perennial, twining...
• VineWoody or herbaceous plants which produce flexible stems that climb, trail, or creep. Vines may lie prostrate...
• VintageA term that refers to the year that purchased green power was generated.
• Vinyl ChlorideA chemical compound, used in producing some plastics, that is believed to be oncogenic.
• Vinyl Chloride PlantAny plant which produces vinyl chloride by any process.
• Vinyl Chloride PurificationAny part of the process of vinyl chloride production which follows vinyl chloride formation.
• Vinyl/Fabric/Leather/Polycarbonate CoatingCoating designed and labeled exclusively to coat vinyl, fabric, leather, or polycarbonate substrates or to...
• VIOLATING FACILITYAny facility that is owned, leased, or supervised by an applicant, recipient, contractor, or subcontractor...
• Violation1. A failure to meet any state or federal drinking water regulation.
• Viral CapsidThe outer protein protective shell of a virus, which protects the viral nucleic acid.
• Viral Cell ProliferationAn inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in cell...
• Viral DriftOne process in which influenza virus undergoes mutation. The amount of change can be subtle or dramatic, but...
• Viral Envelope ProteinLayers of protein which surround the capsid in animal viruses with tubular nucleocapsids. The envelope...
• Viral Hemorrhagic FeversVHFs are caused by viruses of five distinct families: Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Filoviridae, Flaviviridae...
• Viral HepatitisAn acute or chronic inflammation of the liver parenchyma caused by viruses. Representative examples include...
• Viral Infections1. Any disease caused by a virus.
• Viral Matrix ProteinProteins associated with the inner surface of the lipid bilayer of the viral envelope. These proteins have...
• Viral Oncogene ProteinViral proteins that have the potential to cause transformation of the infected cell and and may result in...
• Viral ProteinProteins found in any species of virus.
• Viral Replication1. The process a virus undergoes to produce a copy of itself.
• Viral Reverse TranscriptionThe action of synthesizing a DNA product from a viral RNA template by a viral reverse transcriptase.
• Virgin CoalCoal that has not been accessed by mining.
• Virgin Coal-Fired Electric Generating UnitAny coal-fired EGU that is designed to burn and that is burning nonagglomerating virgin coal having a...
• Virgin FiberRefers to cellulose fiber derived directly from trees and other plants that is newly pulped, previously...
• Virgin GrowthThe original growth of mature trees.
• Virgin IslandsThe drainage and associated waters within the Virgin Islands of the United States. U.S. Virgin Islands. Area...
• Virgin MaterialRaw material used in manufacturing that has been mined or harvested and has not as yet become a product.
• Virgin MaterialsResources extracted from nature in their raw form, such as timber or metal ore.
• Virgin PaperRefers to cellulose fiber derived directly from trees and other plants that is newly pulped, previously...
• Virginia Federally Recognized TribesContains point data for federally recognized tribes geographically located in the state of Virginia...
• VirionThe infective system of a virus, composed of the viral genome, a protein core, and a protein coat called a...
• Virtual Community1. A group of individuals who interact through specific media, such as the Internet, creating a social...
• Virtual EmbryoResearch program in EPA's Office of Research and Development developing a sophisticated computer model of a...
• Virtual LiverResearch program in EPA's Office of Research and Development developing a large-scale biologically-based...
• Virtual Tissue Model1. Graphic computer model of whole-body metabolism.
• VirucideSubstance, or mixture of substances, that destroys or irreversibly inactivates viruses in the inanimate...
• Virulence1. The proportion of persons with clinical disease, who after becoming infected, become severely ill or die.
• virulence-factor activity relationshipVFAR is a concept that was developed as a way to relate the architectural and biochemical components of a...
• Virus1. Submicroscopic pathogen consisting of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein coat. Requires a host in...
• Virus AttachmentThe binding of VIRUS PARTICLES to VIRUS RECEPTORS on the host cell surface, facilitating VIRUS ENTRY into the...
• Virus Cell Membrane InteractionA function, activity, or process involving the physical interaction between a virus or viral particle and a...
• Virus CharacteristicVirus types organized by distinguishing features
• Virus InternalizationThe entering of cells by viruses following VIRUS ATTACHMENT. This is achieved by ENDOCYTOSIS, by...
• Virus Physiological PhenomenaBiological properties, processes, and activities of VIRUSES, including the interactions with the cells they...
• Virus Replication CycleIn biology, refers to the reproduction cycle of viruses. A replication cycle begins with the infection of a...
• Virus StructureAn infectious agent which consists of two parts, genetic material and a protein coat. Some viruses have a...
• VirusesSubmicroscopic disease-causing organisms that grow only inside living cells.
• VisbreakingViscosity breaking is a low-temperature cracking process used to reduce the viscosity or pour point of...
• VisceraThe soft internal organs of the body, including the lungs, the heart, and the organs of the digestive...
• Viscoelastic SubstanceSubstances that display the physical properties of elasticity and viscosity. The dual-nature of these...
• Viscose ProcessFiber forming process where cellulose and concentrated caustic soda are reacted to form soda or alkali...
• Viscosity1. The internal friction within a fluid that causes it to resist flow. Absolute viscosity is typically given...
• viscous fingeringThe formation of finger-shaped irregularities at the leading edge of a displacing fluid in a porous medium...
• Visibility1. Degree of perceived clarity when viewing objects at a distance. Visibility includes perceived changes in...
• Visibility Impairment1. Any humanly perceptible change in visibility (light extinction, visual range, contrast, coloration) from...
• Visibility Improvement State and Tribal Association of the SoutheastAn RPO consisting of Southeast states and tribes.
• Visible Emission1. Observation of an emission of opacity or optical density above the threshold of vision.
• Visible LightThe portion of the electromagnetic spectrum to which the eye is sensitive, i.e., light with wavelengths...
• Visible ResearchEnsuring that the broader Partner, Stakeholder, and scientific communities are aware of and use ORD research.
• Visible Smoke EmissionPollutant generated by thermal oxidation in a flare or enclosed combustor and occurring immediately...
• Vision 303d PriorityIndicates if the water has been identified as a priority water by the state under the 303(d) Vision.
• Vision StatementSummary description of the target business and information management environment to fulfill requirements...
• Visna-maedi VirusA species of lentivirus, subgenus ovine-caprine lentiviruses ( LENTIVIRUSES, OVINE-CAPRINE), that can cause...
• Visual Air QualityHow pollution affects the perception of the view.
• Visual ObservationContinuous observation of a source for the presence of visible emissions for a period of ten consecutive...
• Visually Impaired PersonPersons with loss of vision such that there is an impact on activities of daily living.
• Vital CapacityThe maximum volume that can be exhaled in a single breath (TLC-RC).
• VITAL RECORDSRecords essential to the continued functioning or reconstitution of an organization during and after an...
• VITAL RECORDS PROGRAMPolicies, plans, and procedures developed and implemented and the resources needed to identify, use, and...
• Vital StatisticsSystematically tabulated information about births, marriages, divorces, and deaths, based on registration of...
• Vitamin Balance(Balance of) a class of micronutrients that regulate and support chemical reactions in the body.
• VitaminsOrganic substances that are required in small amounts for maintenance and growth, but which cannot be...
• Vitreous Coating OperationAll of the operations associated with preparation and application of the vitreous coating. Usually this...
• Vitrification1. The transformation of a liquid to a glassy solid i.e., without the formation of crystals during the...
• V-notch WeirA weir is an obstruction placed across the entire width of an open channel or conduit to interrupt flow and...
• Vocabulary1) In the context of Terminology Services, the term vocabulary describes discrete collections of terms, each...
• Vocational EngineEngine certified for use in vocational vehicles. Where an engine family is certified for use in both tractors...
• Vocational TractorVehicle classified as a vocational tractor under § 1037.630.
• Vocational Vehicle1. Relating to a vehicle subject to the standards of § 1037.105 (including vocational tractors).
• VoiceThe sounds produced by humans by the passage of air through the LARYNX and over the VOCAL CORDS, and then...
• Void Certificate/Exemption1. To invalidate a certificate or an exemption ab initio (i.e. retroactively). Portable fuel containers...
• Volatile1. Any substance which evaporates quickly.
• Volatile AcidsAcids produced during digestion. Fatty acids which are soluble in water and can be steam-distilled at...
• Volatile Compound(Compound that is) readily vaporizable at a relatively low temperature.
• Volatile FuelVolatile liquid fuel or any fuel that is a gas at atmospheric pressure. Gasoline, natural gas, and LPG are...
• Volatile Hazardous Air PollutantAny volatile hazardous air pollutant listed in Table 2 to Subpart JJ.
• Volatile Hazardous Air Pollutant ConcentrationFraction by weight of all HAP contained in a material as determined in accordance with procedures specified...
• Volatile Hazardous Air Pollutant of Potential ConcernAny VHAP from the list in table 6 of this subpart.
• Volatile Impurity High LevelTotal smelter charge containing more than 0.2 weight percent arsenic, 0.1 weight percent antimony, 4.5 weight...
• Volatile Liquid Fuel1. Any liquid fuel other than diesel or biodiesel.
• Volatile Liquids1. Liquids which easily vaporize or evaporate at room temperature.
• Volatile Organic ChemicalsAny organic compound that participates in atmospheric photochemical reactions except those designated by EPA...
• Volatile Organic Compound1. A VOC is one of a group of carbon-containing compounds that evaporate readily at room temperature...
• Volatile Organic Compound Content1. Weight of VOC per volume of coating, calculated according to the procedures in § 59.104(a) of this subpart.
• Volatile Organic Compound Emission1. Mass of volatile organic compounds (VOC's), expressed as kilograms of VOC's per liter of applied coating...
• Volatile Organic Compound Emission Control DeviceEquipment that destroys or recovers VOC.
• Volatile Organic Compound Emission Reduction SystemSystem composed of an enclosure, hood, or other device for containment and capture of VOC emissions and a VOC...
• Volatile Organic Compound SolventOrganic liquid or liquid mixture consisting of VOC components.
• Volatile Organic Compound Used1. If premixed coatings that require no mixing at the plant site are used, “VOC used” means the amount of VOC...
• Volatile Organic Compounds1. Any organic compound that participates in atmospheric photochemical reactions except those designated by...
• Volatile Organic Compounds Control TechnologyControl technology that limits or controls emissions of VOCs using condensers, scrubbers, carbon adsorption...
• Volatile Organic ConcentrationFraction by weight of the volatile organic compounds contained in a hazardous waste expressed in terms of...
• Volatile Organic Hazardous Air PollutantAny compound listed in or pursuant to section 112(b) of the CAA that contains carbon, excluding metallic...
• Volatile Organic Hazardous Air Pollutant Concentration1. Concentration of an individually-speciated organic HAP in a wastewater discharge that is measured by...
• Volatile Organic Liquid1. Any organic liquid which can emit volatile organic compounds (as defined in 40 CFR 51.100) into the...
• Volatile Organic PollutantsCarbon-containing compounds that easily go from a solid to a gaseous form at normal temperatures. Sources...
• Volatile Solids1. Those solids in water or other liquids that are lost on ignition of the dry solids at 550° centigrade.
• Volatile Solids Loading RateMeasure of the rate of volatile solids (VS) entry into a manure management facility with methane recovery...
• Volatile Synthetic Organic ChemicalsChemicals that tend to volatilize or evaporate.
• VolatilesVolatiles are chemicals which have a tendency to volatilize or vaporize or evaporate easily at relatively low...
• Volatility1. Property of being vaporizable
• Volatilization1. The process of transfer of a chemical from the aqueous or liquid phase to the gas phase. Solubility...
• Volcanic AerosolAn aerosol released during volcanic eruptions, notably ash, soot, and sulfur dioxide. The aerosol reflects...
• Volcanic EruptionEruption of magma (molten rock) and associated gases through a vent at the Earth's surface and also the cone...
• Volcanic Igneous RockIgneous rock that cools and solidifies at or very near the Earth's surface. Volcanoes produce volcanic rock.
• VolcanoThe landform that is constructed by the erupted material.
• VoltageThe electrical pressure available to cause a flow of current (amperage) when an electrical circuit is closed.
• Voltage Gated Ion ChannelA process that involves detection of changes to the voltage across a membrane, and results in opening of the...
• Voltage ProtectionMany inverters have sensing circuits that will disconnect the unit from the battery if input voltage limits...
• Voltage-Gated Potassium Ion Channel ActivationA process that involves detection of alteration to the voltage across a membrane, and results in opening of...
• Voltage-Gated Sodium Ion Channel ActivationA process that involves detection of alteration to the voltage across a membrane, and results in opening of...
• Volume Additive Reconciliation Period(1) For an automated detergent blending facility, the VAR period is a time period lasting no more than 31...
• Volume of Process Water Used per Year1. Volume of process water that flows through a contact cooling and heating water process and comes in...
• Volume ReductionProcessing waste materials to decrease the amount of space they occupy, usually by compacting, shredding...
• VolumetricA measurement based on the volume of some factor. Volumetric titration is a means of measuring unknown...
• Volumetric Loading Rate1. The rate of addition per unit of system volume per unit time. Usually expressed as pounds of volatile...
• Volumetric Tank TestOne of several tests to determine the physical integrity of a storage tank; the volume of fluid in the tank...
• Voluntarily Submitted InformationBusiness information in EPA’s possession, (1) The submission of which EPA had no statutory or contractual...
• Voluntary Advanced Technology Incentive ProgramProgram established under § 430.24(b) (for existing direct dischargers) and § 430.25(c) (for new direct...
• Voluntary AgreementA written communication, signed by all the parties or their counsel or representatives, containing an order...
• Voluntary Certification ProgramA technician testing program operated by a person before that person obtained approval of a technician...
• Voluntary Consensus Standard1. Technical standards (e.g., materials specifications, test methods, sampling procedures, business...
• Voluntary Consensus Standards1. According to Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-119, standards developed or adopted by...
• Voluntary Consensus Standards Bodies1. According to Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-119, voluntary consensus standards bodies...
• Voluntary Consensus Standards BodyAn organization that follows consistent protocols to adopt standards reflecting a wide range of input from...
• Voluntary Emission Recall1. Repair, adjustment, or modification program voluntarily initiated and conducted by a manufacturer to...
• VOLUNTARY EXCLUSIONA term of settlement in lieu of a finding for debarment under which a person or entity agrees to voluntarily...
• Voluntary Incentives ProgramProgram created to encourage polluting entities to go beyond what is mandated by existing regulation. In some...
• Voluntary ProgramNon-mandatory collaboration to accomplish the goals of environmental protection. A voluntary program should...
• Voluntary ProgramsImplementation of programs that directly enlist stakeholders in structured programs to protect human health...
• VolunteerAny individual accepted to perform services by the lead agency which has authority to accept volunteer...
• VomerBone which is part of the nasal septum in humans
• VomitoxinProduced by members of genus Fusarium (especially F. graminearum) commonly found on wheat, barley, rye and...
• VortexA revolving mass of water which forms a whirlpool. This whirlpool is caused by water flowing out of a small...
• Vortex FlowmeterFlow rate measuring device which depends on measuring vortex shedding . Used in heavy industrial applications.
• vortex rock weirsA structure designed to serve as grade control and create a diversity of flow velocities, while still...
• Vulnerability1. The degree to which a system is susceptible to, or unable to cope with, adverse effects of climate change...
• Vulnerability AnalysisAssessment of elements in the community that are susceptible to damage if hazardous materials are released.
• Vulnerability Assessment1. An evaluation of drinking water source quality and its vulnerability to contamination by pathogens and...
• Vulnerability Self Assessment ToolWastewater security training software.
• Vulnerable CommunityDefined broadly, vulnerable communities can be defined as those comprising individuals or groups who are...
• Vulnerable Population1. Groups of people particularly impacted, may include children, people with disabilities, people who are...
• Vulnerable ZoneAn area over which the airborne concentration of a chemical accidentally released could reach the level of...
• Vulva1. The external, visible part of the female genitalia surrounding the urethral and vaginal opening. The vulva...

436 of 30,736 terms in Environment terminology (MLC-0121). Request the full dataset.