Amifostine

{
  "id": "MLC-T-ONC-000448",
  "term": "Amifostine",
  "field": "Oncology and biomedicine",
  "definitions": [
    "A drug used to help protect the kidneys in patients receiving cisplatin for advanced ovarian cancer and to help reduce dry mouth in patients receiving radiation therapy after surgery for head and neck cancer. Amifostine helps protect healthy tissue from some of the side effects caused by certain types of cancer treatment. It is a type of chemoprotective agent and a type of radioprotective agent. Also called Ethyol.",
    "The trihydrate form of a phosphorylated aminosulfhydryl compound. After dephosphorylation of amifostine by alkaline phosphatase to an active free sulfhydryl (thiol) metabolite, the thiol metabolite binds to and detoxifies cytotoxic platinum-containing metabolites of cisplatin and scavenges free radicals induced by cisplatin and ionizing radiation. The elevated activity of this agent in normal tissues results from both the relative abundance of alkaline phosphatase in normal tissues and the greater vascularity of normal tissues compared to tumor tissues."
  ],
  "abbreviation": "APAETP",
  "synonyms": [
    "Ethyol",
    "ethiofos",
    "gammaphos",
    "amifostine trihydrate",
    "aminopropylaminoethylthiophosphoric acid trihydrate"
  ],
  "references": [
    "NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms",
    "National Cancer Institute Thesaurus"
  ],
  "url": "https://mlchart.com/terminology/oncology/amifostine/"
}