Acute Toxicity

{
  "id": "MLC-T-ENV-000445",
  "term": "Acute Toxicity",
  "field": "Environment",
  "definition": "1. The ability of a substance to cause severe biological harm or death soon after a single exposure or dose. Also, any poisonous effect resulting from a single short-term exposure to a toxic substance.\n\n2. Adverse effects that result from a single dose or single exposure of a chemical; any poisonous effect produced within a short period of time, usually less than 96 hours. This term normally is used to describe effects in experimental animals.\n\n3. Any poisonous effect produced within a short period of time following an exposure, usually 24 to 96 hours.\n\n4. A chemical stimulus severe enough to rapidly induce an effect; in aquatic toxicity tests, an effect observed within 96 hours or less is considered acute. When referring to aquatic toxicology or human health, an acute effect is not always measured in terms of lethality.\n\n5. The poisoning that occurs after a single exposure (effects shortly after exposure).\n\n6. The ability of a substance to cause poisonous effects resulting in severe biological harm or death soon after a single exposure or dose. Also, any severe poisonous effect resulting from a single short-term exposure to a toxic substance.\n\n7. The potential for a substance to result in adverse effects to an organism soon after exposure. The acute toxicity of a compound is established through scientifically verifiable data from animal studies or human exposure tests.\n\n8. A deleterious response (e.g. mortality, disorientation, immobilization) to a stimulus observed in ninety-six (96) hours or less.\n\n9. The discernible adverse effects induced in an organism within a short period of time (days) of exposure to a substance or material. For aquatic animals this usually refers to continuous exposure to the substance or material in water for a period of up to four (4) days. The effects (lethal or sub-lethal) occurring may usually be observed within the period of exposure with aquatic organisms.\n\n10. The ability of a substance to cause poisonous effects resulting in severe biological harm or death soon after a single exposure or dose. Any severe poisonous effect resulting from a short-term exposure.\n\n11. Measure of toxicological responses that result from a single exposure to a substance or from multiple exposures within a short period of time (typically several days or less). Specific measures of acute toxicity used within the HRS include lethal dose50 (LD50) and lethal concentration50 (LC50), typically measured within a 24-hour to 96-hour period.\n\n12. Concurrent and delayed adverse effect(s) that results from an acute exposure and occurs within any short observation period which begins when the exposure begins, may extend beyond the exposure period, and usually does not constitute a substantial portion of the life span of the organism.\n\n13. Potential for a substance to result in adverse effects to an organism soon after exposure. The acute toxicity of a compound is established through scientifically verifiable data from animal studies or human exposure tests.\n\n14. Any poisonous effect produced within a short period of time following an exposure, usually 24 to 96 hours. [EPA 2003]\n\n15. The ability of a substance to cause severe biological harm or death soon after a single exposure or dose. Also, any poisonous effect resulting from a single short-term exposure to a toxic substance. [EPA 2005b]\n\n16. Adverse effects that result from a single dose or single exposure of a chemical; any poisonous effect produced within a short period of time, usually less than 96 hours. This term normally is used to describe effects in experimental animals. [EPA 2005e]\n\n17. Adverse effects occurring within a short time (usually up to 14 days) after administration of a single dose of test substance, or after multiple doses administered within 24 hours. [ILSI 2001]\n\n18. Ability of a substance to cause poisonous effects resulting in severe biological harm or death soon after a single exposure or dose. Any severe poisonous effect resulting from a short-term exposure.",
  "subject": "Health and safety",
  "references": [
    "Terms of Env; Terms of Environment; EPA 2005b",
    "Environmental Issues Terms & Acronyms; Pesticides Glossary; EPA 2005e",
    "Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) Glossary; EPA 2003",
    "Sediment Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) Glossary",
    "Pesticides Glossary",
    "Drinking Water Technical & Legal Terms",
    "PRIA Fee Determination Glossary",
    "Urban Watershed Management Research Terminology",
    "I-BEAM Glossary of Terms",
    "40 CFR Appendix A to Part 300 (CFR 2013)",
    "40 CFR 132.2 (CFR 2013)",
    "Thesaurus of Terms Used in Microbial Risk Assessment"
  ],
  "url": "https://mlchart.com/terminology/environment/acute-toxicity/"
}