Extra Risk

{
  "id": "MLC-T-ENV-010550",
  "term": "Extra Risk",
  "field": "Environment",
  "definition": "1. A calculation of risk of adverse effects which adjusts for background incidence rates of the same effects, by estimating risk at dose d only among the fraction of the population not expected to respond to the secondary (background) causes: ER = [P(d)-P(0)/1-P(0)]. For example, if the background rate (P(0)) = 0.8 and the response rate at dose d, P(d) = .9, then ER = (0.9 - 0.8)/(1-0.8) = 0.1/0.2 = 0.5. That is, at dose d, an additional 10% of the population is expected to respond adversely. But since only 20% of the population was expected to be free of adverse effects without the exposure of interest, this 10% represents 50% of the population that would otherwise have been unharmed by this exposure.\n\n2. A calculation of risk of adverse effects which adjusts for background incidence rates of the same effects, by estimating risk at dose d only among the fraction of the population not expected to respond to the secondary (background) causes: ER = [P(d)-P(0)/1-P(0)]. For example, if the background rate (P(0)) = 0.8 and the response rate at dose d, P(d) = 0.9, then ER = (0.9 - 0.8)/(1-0.8) = 0.1/0.2 = 0.5. That is, at dose d, an additional 10% of the population is expected to respond adversely. But since only 20% of the population was expected to be free of adverse effects without the exposure of interest, this 10% represents 50% of the population that would otherwise have been unharmed by this exposure.\n\n3. A calculation of risk of adverse effects which adjusts for background incidence rates of the same effects, by estimating risk at dose d only among the fraction of the population not expected to respond to the secondary (background) causes: ER = [P(d)-P(0)/1-P(0)]. For example, if the background rate (P(0)) = 0.8 and the response rate at dose d, P(d) = 0.9, then ER = (0.9 - 0.8)/(1-0.8) = 0.1/0.2 = 0.5. That is, at dose d, an additional 10% of the population is expected to respond adversely. But since only 20% of the population was expected to be free of adverse effects without the exposure of interest, this 10% represents 50% of the population that would otherwise have been unharmed by this exposure. [EPA 2003]",
  "abbreviation": "ER",
  "subject": "Health and safety",
  "references": [
    "Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) Glossary",
    "EPA 2003",
    "Thesaurus of Terms Used in Microbial Risk Assessment"
  ],
  "url": "https://mlchart.com/terminology/environment/extra-risk/"
}