Proteins

{
  "id": "MLC-T-ENV-022621",
  "term": "Proteins",
  "field": "Environment",
  "definition": "1. Complex nitrogenous organic compounds of high molecular weight made of amino acids; essential for growth and repair of animal tissue. Many, but not all, proteins are enzymes.\n\n2. Linear polypeptides that are synthesized on ribosomes and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of amino acids determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during protein folding, and the function of the protein.\n\n3. A molecule consisting of subunits called amino acids. Proteins are the cell's main building materials and do most of a cell's work.\n\n4. Proteins are an important class of molecules found in all living cells. A protein is composed of one or more long chains of amino acids, the sequence of which corresponds to the DNA sequence of the gene that encodes it. Proteins play a variety of roles in the cell, including structural (cytoskeleton), mechanical (muscle), biochemical (enzymes), and cell signaling (hormones). Proteins are also an essential part of diet.\n\n5. A large molecule composed of one or more chains of amino acids in a specific order; the order is determined by the base sequence of nucleotides in the gene that codes for the protein. Proteins are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's cells, tissues, and organs; and each protein has unique functions. Examples are hormones, enzymes, and antibodies.\n\n6. A chemical structure composed of one or more polypeptides. In photosynthesis proteins serve as the scaffolding that hold the cofactors that gather light energy, transfer electrons, and catalyze biochemical reactions.\n\n7. Any of numerous naturally occurring extremely complex combinations of amino acids containing the elements carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen. Proteins are in animal feeds are utilized for growth, reproduction, and lactation and are excreted if not utilized.",
  "subject": "General environmental",
  "references": [
    "Terms of Environment",
    "NLM Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)",
    "NIH National Institute of General Medical Sciences Glossary",
    "NIH Genetics Home Reference Glossary",
    "DOE Human Genome Project Information, Genome Glossary",
    "USDA Agricultural Research Service Glossary of Photosynthesis Related Terms",
    "AgSTAR Handbook Glossary"
  ],
  "url": "https://mlchart.com/terminology/environment/proteins/"
}