Patent · US10926485B2 · B2 · US

Light generating microcapsules for photo-curing

(11) Publication number

US10926485B2

(21) Application number

16/441,853

(22) Filing date

2019-06-14

(30) Priority date

2017-05-24

(43) Publication date

2021-02-23

(45) Date of grant

2021-02-23

(51) IPC

B29C 65/00; C08F 2/48; C08G 59/18; C08G 59/68; C08J 3/12; C09J 5/02; C09K 11/02; C09K 11/07; F16B 11/00; H01L 23/00

(52) CPC

B29C Shaping or joining of plastics; shaping of material in a plastic state, not otherwise provided for; after-treatment of the shaped products, e.g. repairing: 66/73113
C08F Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds: 2/48
C08G Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds: 59/188, 59/68
C08J Working-up; general processes of compounding; after-treatment not covered by subclasses C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H: 2325/18, 2339/00, 2389/06, 3/126
C09J Adhesives; non-mechanical aspects of adhesive processes in general; adhesive processes not provided for elsewhere; use of materials as adhesives: 5/02
C09K Materials for miscellaneous applications, not provided for elsewhere: 11/025, 11/07, 2211/1007, 2211/1011, 2211/1014
F16B Devices for fastening or securing constructional elements or machine parts together, e.g. nails, bolts, circlips, clamps, clips or wedges; joints or jointing: 11/006
H01L Electric elements: 24/00
H10W Generic packages, interconnections, connectors or other constructional details of devices covered by class H10: 72/00

(73) Assignee

IBM

(72) Inventors

CAMPBELL ERIC J; CZAPLEWSKI-CAMPBELL SARAH K; KUCZYNSKI JOSEPH; TOFIL TIMOTHY J

(54) Title

Light generating microcapsules for photo-curing

(57) Abstract

A process of curing a photo-curable material includes dispersing a microcapsule in a material that includes a photo-initiator and a photo-curable material. The process also includes applying a stimulus to the microcapsule to trigger a chemiluminescent reaction within the microcapsule. The chemiluminescent reaction generating a photon having a wavelength within a particular emission range that is consistent with an absorption range of the photo-initiator. The photon exits the microcapsule to trigger the photo-initiator to initiate or catalyze curing of the photo-curable material.

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Claims (20)

A process of curing a photo-curable material, the process comprising: dispersing a microcapsule in a material that includes a photo-initiator and a photo-curable material; and applying a stimulus to the microcapsule to trigger a chemiluminescent reaction within the microcapsule, the chemiluminescent reaction generating a photon having a wavelength within a particular emission range that is consistent with an absorption range of the photo-initiator, wherein the photon exits the microcapsule to trigger the photo-initiator to initiate or catalyze curing of the photo-curable material.
The process of claim 1, wherein the chemiluminescent reaction includes excitation of a dye from a ground state to an excited state and subsequent release of the photon upon relaxation from the excited state to the ground state.
The process of claim 2, wherein excitation of the dye is caused by energy released during decomposition of a 1,2-dioxetanedione molecule.
The process of claim 3, wherein a chemical reaction of a diphenyl oxalate molecule with a hydrogen peroxide molecule results in formation of the 1,2-dioxetanedione molecule.
The process of claim 2, wherein the dye includes 9,10-diphenylanthracene.
The process of claim 1, wherein the microcapsule includes a multiple-compartment microcapsule that comprises: a first compartment that contains a first reactant; a second compartment that contains a second reactant; and an isolating structure separating the first compartment from the second compartment, the isolating structure adapted to rupture in response to the stimulus to cause the first reactant and the second reactant to undergo the chemiluminescent reaction.
The process of claim 6, wherein the multiple-compartment microcapsule incudes a shell-in-shell microcapsule comprising an inner shell contained within an outer shell, wherein the inner shell encapsulates the first compartment, wherein the outer shell encapsulates the second compartment, and wherein the inner shell defines the isolating structure.
The process of claim 7, wherein the outer shell comprises a polymer, and the outer shell has a transmittance value of at least 90% for the wavelength within the particular emission range.
The process of claim 8, wherein the polymer comprises gelatin, arabic gum, shellac, lac, starch, dextrin, wax, rosin, sodium alginate, zein, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl ethyl cellulose, polyolefins, polystyrenes, polyethers, polyesters, polyureas, polyethylene glycol, polyamides, polyimides, urea-formaldehydes, polyurethane, polyacrylate, epoxy resins, and combinations thereof.
The process of claim 1, further comprising: disposing the material between a first component and a second component to form an assembly; and applying the stimulus to the microcapsule by applying a compressive force to the assembly.
The process of claim 10, wherein: the material includes a thermal interface material; the first component includes a heat spreader surrounding an electronic component that generates heat during operation; the second component includes a heat sink; and compression of the assembly results in formation of an electronic component cooling assembly having a cross-linked thermal interface material disposed between the heat spreader and the heat sink.
The process of claim 1, wherein the material includes a thermal interface material or an adhesive.
An in-situ photo-curing process comprising: forming an assembly that includes a material disposed between a first component and a second component, the material including a photo-initiator, a photo-curable material, and microcapsules dispersed therein; and applying a stimulus to the assembly, wherein the stimulus triggers chemiluminescent reactions within the microcapsules, the chemiluminescent reactions generating photons having wavelengths within a particular emission range that is consistent with an absorption range of the photo-initiator, wherein the photons exit the microcapsules for in-situ curing of the photo-curable material.
The in-situ photo-curing process of claim 13, wherein: the material includes a thermal interface material; the first component includes a heat spreader surrounding an electronic component that generates heat during operation; the second component includes a heat sink; and compression of the assembly results in formation of an electronic component cooling assembly having a cross-linked thermal interface material disposed between the heat spreader and the heat sink.
The in-situ photo-curing process of claim 14, further comprising forming the thermal interface material by dispersing the microcapsules in a thermal grease or putty.
The in-situ photo-curing process of claim 13, wherein the microcapsules include an outer wall having a transmittance value of at least 90% for the wavelengths within the particular emission range.
A material comprising: a photo-initiator; a photo-curable material; a microcapsule that includes: a first compartment that contains a first reactant; a second compartment that contains a second reactant; and an isolating structure separating the first compartment from the second compartment, the isolating structure adapted to rupture in response to application of a stimulus to cause the first reactant and the second reactant to undergo a chemiluminescent reaction, wherein the chemiluminescent reaction generates a photon having a wavelength within a particular emission range that is consistent with an absorption range of the photo-initiator, and wherein the photon exits the microcapsule to trigger the photo-initiator to initiate or catalyze curing of the photo-curable material.
The material of claim 17, wherein the microcapsule further comprises an outer shell and wherein the outer shell has a transmittance value of at least 90% for the wavelength within the particular emission range.
The material of claim 18, wherein the outer shell comprises gelatin, arabic gum, shellac, lac, starch, dextrin, wax, rosin, sodium alginate, zein, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl ethyl cellulose, polyolefins, polystyrenes, polyethers, polyesters, polyureas, polyethylene glycol, polyamides, polyimides, urea-formaldehydes, polyurethane, polyacrylate, epoxy resins, and combinations thereof.
The material of claim 17, wherein the stimulus includes a compressive force, heat, or a combination thereof.

Description

Some polymers and adhesives are capable of being cured via exposure to a light source, such as an ultraviolet (UV) light source. A disadvantage associated with such a curing method is that the UV radiation enters the polymer/adhesive from an outer surface. As such, full curing of the polymer/adhesive may occur at the surface, but curing may decrease along a depth of the polymer/adhesive as a result of absorption of the UV radiation, resulting in a partially cured polymer/adhesive. In order to fully cure the polymer/adhesive, other means are employed such as thermal curing.

According to an embodiment, a process of curing a photo-curable material is disclosed. The process includes dispersing a microcapsule in a material that includes a photo-initiator and a photo-curable material. The process also includes applying a stimulus to the microcapsule to trigger a chemiluminescent reaction within the microcapsule. The chemiluminescent reaction generating a photon having a wavelength within a particular emission range that is consistent with an absorption range of the photo-initiator. The photon exits the microcapsule to trigger the photo-initiator to initiate or catalyze curing of the photo-curable material. According to another embodiment, an in-situ photo-curing process is disclosed. The process includes forming an assembly that includes a material disposed between a first component and a second component. The material includes a photo-initiator, a photo-curable material, and microcapsules dispersed therein.

Citations (147)

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Record as JSON

{
  "publication_number": "US10926485B2",
  "country": "US",
  "kind": "B2",
  "title": "Light generating microcapsules for photo-curing",
  "abstract": "A process of curing a photo-curable material includes dispersing a microcapsule in a material that includes a photo-initiator and a photo-curable material. The process also includes applying a stimulus to the microcapsule to trigger a chemiluminescent reaction within the microcapsule. The chemiluminescent reaction generating a photon having a wavelength within a particular emission range that is consistent with an absorption range of the photo-initiator. The photon exits the microcapsule to trigger the photo-initiator to initiate or catalyze curing of the photo-curable material.",
  "claims": [
    "1. A process of curing a photo-curable material, the process comprising: dispersing a microcapsule in a material that includes a photo-initiator and a photo-curable material; and applying a stimulus to the microcapsule to trigger a chemiluminescent reaction within the microcapsule, the chemiluminescent reaction generating a photon having a wavelength within a particular emission range that is consistent with an absorption range of the photo-initiator, wherein the photon exits the microcapsule to trigger the photo-initiator to initiate or catalyze curing of the photo-curable material.",
    "2. The process of claim 1, wherein the chemiluminescent reaction includes excitation of a dye from a ground state to an excited state and subsequent release of the photon upon relaxation from the excited state to the ground state.",
    "3. The process of claim 2, wherein excitation of the dye is caused by energy released during decomposition of a 1,2-dioxetanedione molecule.",
    "4. The process of claim 3, wherein a chemical reaction of a diphenyl oxalate molecule with a hydrogen peroxide molecule results in formation of the 1,2-dioxetanedione molecule.",
    "5. The process of claim 2, wherein the dye includes 9,10-diphenylanthracene.",
    "6. The process of claim 1, wherein the microcapsule includes a multiple-compartment microcapsule that comprises: a first compartment that contains a first reactant; a second compartment that contains a second reactant; and an isolating structure separating the first compartment from the second compartment, the isolating structure adapted to rupture in response to the stimulus to cause the first reactant and the second reactant to undergo the chemiluminescent reaction.",
    "7. The process of claim 6, wherein the multiple-compartment microcapsule incudes a shell-in-shell microcapsule comprising an inner shell contained within an outer shell, wherein the inner shell encapsulates the first compartment, wherein the outer shell encapsulates the second compartment, and wherein the inner shell defines the isolating structure.",
    "8. The process of claim 7, wherein the outer shell comprises a polymer, and the outer shell has a transmittance value of at least 90% for the wavelength within the particular emission range.",
    "9. The process of claim 8, wherein the polymer comprises gelatin, arabic gum, shellac, lac, starch, dextrin, wax, rosin, sodium alginate, zein, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl ethyl cellulose, polyolefins, polystyrenes, polyethers, polyesters, polyureas, polyethylene glycol, polyamides, polyimides, urea-formaldehydes, polyurethane, polyacrylate, epoxy resins, and combinations thereof.",
    "10. The process of claim 1, further comprising: disposing the material between a first component and a second component to form an assembly; and applying the stimulus to the microcapsule by applying a compressive force to the assembly.",
    "11. The process of claim 10, wherein: the material includes a thermal interface material; the first component includes a heat spreader surrounding an electronic component that generates heat during operation; the second component includes a heat sink; and compression of the assembly results in formation of an electronic component cooling assembly having a cross-linked thermal interface material disposed between the heat spreader and the heat sink.",
    "12. The process of claim 1, wherein the material includes a thermal interface material or an adhesive.",
    "13. An in-situ photo-curing process comprising: forming an assembly that includes a material disposed between a first component and a second component, the material including a photo-initiator, a photo-curable material, and microcapsules dispersed therein; and applying a stimulus to the assembly, wherein the stimulus triggers chemiluminescent reactions within the microcapsules, the chemiluminescent reactions generating photons having wavelengths within a particular emission range that is consistent with an absorption range of the photo-initiator, wherein the photons exit the microcapsules for in-situ curing of the photo-curable material.",
    "14. The in-situ photo-curing process of claim 13, wherein: the material includes a thermal interface material; the first component includes a heat spreader surrounding an electronic component that generates heat during operation; the second component includes a heat sink; and compression of the assembly results in formation of an electronic component cooling assembly having a cross-linked thermal interface material disposed between the heat spreader and the heat sink.",
    "15. The in-situ photo-curing process of claim 14, further comprising forming the thermal interface material by dispersing the microcapsules in a thermal grease or putty.",
    "16. The in-situ photo-curing process of claim 13, wherein the microcapsules include an outer wall having a transmittance value of at least 90% for the wavelengths within the particular emission range.",
    "17. A material comprising: a photo-initiator; a photo-curable material; a microcapsule that includes: a first compartment that contains a first reactant; a second compartment that contains a second reactant; and an isolating structure separating the first compartment from the second compartment, the isolating structure adapted to rupture in response to application of a stimulus to cause the first reactant and the second reactant to undergo a chemiluminescent reaction, wherein the chemiluminescent reaction generates a photon having a wavelength within a particular emission range that is consistent with an absorption range of the photo-initiator, and wherein the photon exits the microcapsule to trigger the photo-initiator to initiate or catalyze curing of the photo-curable material.",
    "18. The material of claim 17, wherein the microcapsule further comprises an outer shell and wherein the outer shell has a transmittance value of at least 90% for the wavelength within the particular emission range.",
    "19. The material of claim 18, wherein the outer shell comprises gelatin, arabic gum, shellac, lac, starch, dextrin, wax, rosin, sodium alginate, zein, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl ethyl cellulose, polyolefins, polystyrenes, polyethers, polyesters, polyureas, polyethylene glycol, polyamides, polyimides, urea-formaldehydes, polyurethane, polyacrylate, epoxy resins, and combinations thereof.",
    "20. The material of claim 17, wherein the stimulus includes a compressive force, heat, or a combination thereof."
  ],
  "description_excerpt": "Some polymers and adhesives are capable of being cured via exposure to a light source, such as an ultraviolet (UV) light source. A disadvantage associated with such a curing method is that the UV radiation enters the polymer/adhesive from an outer surface. As such, full curing of the polymer/adhesive may occur at the surface, but curing may decrease along a depth of the polymer/adhesive as a result of absorption of the UV radiation, resulting in a partially cured polymer/adhesive. In order to fully cure the polymer/adhesive, other means are employed such as thermal curing.\n\nAccording to an embodiment, a process of curing a photo-curable material is disclosed. The process includes dispersing a microcapsule in a material that includes a photo-initiator and a photo-curable material. The process also includes applying a stimulus to the microcapsule to trigger a chemiluminescent reaction within the microcapsule. The chemiluminescent reaction generating a photon having a wavelength within a particular emission range that is consistent with an absorption range of the photo-initiator. The photon exits the microcapsule to trigger the photo-initiator to initiate or catalyze curing of the photo-curable material. According to another embodiment, an in-situ photo-curing process is disclosed. The process includes forming an assembly that includes a material disposed between a first component and a second component. The material includes a photo-initiator, a photo-curable material, and microcapsules dispersed therein.",
  "cpc": [
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  ],
  "assignees": [
    "IBM"
  ],
  "inventors": [
    "CAMPBELL ERIC J",
    "CZAPLEWSKI-CAMPBELL SARAH K",
    "KUCZYNSKI JOSEPH",
    "TOFIL TIMOTHY J"
  ],
  "filing_date": "2019-06-14",
  "publication_date": "2021-02-23",
  "grant_date": "2021-02-23",
  "priority_date": "2017-05-24",
  "application_number": "US-201916441853-A",
  "family_id": "64400519",
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