Dose

{
  "id": "MLC-T-ENV-008438",
  "term": "Dose",
  "field": "Environment",
  "definition": "1. In terms of monitoring exposure levels, the amount of a toxic substance taken into the body over a given period of time.\n\n2. A measure of exposure. Examples include (1) the amount of a chemical ingested, (2) the amount of a chemical absorbed, and (3) the product of ambient exposure concentration and the duration of exposure.\n\n3. The amount of a substance available for interactions with metabolic processes or biologically significant receptors after crossing the outer boundary of an organism. The POTENTIAL DOSE is the amount ingested, inhaled, or applied to the skin. The APPLIED DOSE is the amount presented to an absorption barrier and available for absorption (although not necessarily having yet crossed the outer boundary of the organism). The ABSORBED DOSE is the amount crossing a specific absorption barrier (e.g. the exchange boundaries of the skin, lung, and digestive tract) through uptake processes. INTERNAL DOSE is a more general term denoting the amount absorbed without respect to specific absorption barriers or exchange boundaries. The amount of the chemical available for interaction by any particular organ or cell is termed the DELIVERED or BIOLOGICALLY EFFECTIVE DOSE for that organ or cell.\n\n4. The actual quantity of a chemical to which an organism is exposed.\n\n5. The amount of an agent that enters a target after crossing an exposure surface. If the exposure surface is an absorption barrier, the dose is an absorbed dose. If the exposure surface is not an absorption barrier, the dose is an intake dose.\n\n6. The amount of energy absorbed by a body or material due to radiation exposure.\n\n7. The amount of exposure undergone at one time.\n\n8. The amount of a substance available for interactions with metabolic processes or biologically significant receptors after crossing the outer boundary of an organism. a) The POTENTIAL DOSE is the amount ingested, inhaled, or applied to the skin. b) The APPLIED DOSE is the amount presented to an absorption barrier and available for absorption (although not necessarily having yet crossed the outer boundary of the organism). c) The ABSORBED DOSE is the amount crossing a specific absorption barrier (e.g., the exchange boundaries of the skin, lung, and digestive tract) through uptake processes. d) INTERNAL DOSE is a more general term denoting the amount absorbed without respect to specific absorption barriers or exchange boundaries. e) The amount of the chemical available for interaction by any particular organ or cell is termed the DELIVERED or BIOLOGICALLY EFFECTIVE DOSE for that organ or cell.\n\n9. a) The actual quantity of a chemical administered to an organism or to which it is exposed. b) The amount of a substance that reaches a specific tissue (e.g., the liver). c) The amount of a substance available for interaction with metabolic processes after crossing the outer boundary of an organism.\n\n10. a) (for non-radioactive chemicals) The amount of a substance to which a person is exposed over some time period. Dose is a measurement of exposure. Dose is often expressed as milligram (amount) per kilogram (a measure of body weight) per day (a measure of time) when people eat or drink contaminated water, food, or soil. In general, the greater the dose, the greater the likelihood of an effect. An \"exposure dose\" is how much of a substance is encountered in the environment. An \"absorbed dose\" is the amount of a substance that actually got into the body through the eyes, skin, stomach, intestines, or lungs. b) (for radioactive chemicals) The radiation dose is the amount of energy from radiation that is actually absorbed by the body. This is not the same as measurements of the amount of radiation in the environment.\n\n11. The amount of a toxic component or the number of a pathogen that is ingested or interacts with an organism (host).\n\n12. The amount of a substance available for interaction with metabolic processes or biologically significant receptors after crossing the outer boundary of an organism. The potential dose is the amount ingested, inhaled, or applied to the skin. The applied dose is the amount of a substance presented to an absorption barrier and available for absorption (although not necessarily having yet crossed the outer boundary of the organism). The absorbed dose is the amount crossing a specific absorption barrier (e.g., the exchange boundaries of skin, lung, and digestive tract) through uptake processes. Internal dose is a more general term denoting the amount absorbed without respect to specific absorption barriers or exchange boundaries. The amount of the chemical available for interaction by any particular organ or cell is termed the deliverable dose for that organ or cell. See Guidelines for Exposure Assessment (EPA, 1992).\n\n13. The amount of a substance to which a person is exposed (air, soil, dust, or water) over some time period.\n\n14. The amount of a substance available for interactions with metabolic processes or biologically significant receptors after crossing the outer boundary of an organism.",
  "subject": "Health and safety",
  "references": [
    "Environmental Issues Terms & Acronyms; Pesticides Glossary; EPA 2005e",
    "Waste and Cleanup Risk Assessment Glossary",
    "Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) Glossary",
    "Drinking Water Technical & Legal Terms",
    "Exposure Factors Handbook: Glossary",
    "RadNet Glossary; Radiation Protection Radiation Glossary; RadTown Glossary",
    "I-BEAM Glossary of Terms",
    "EPA 1997a, EPA 2003, EPA 2004, EPA 2005a",
    "Thesaurus of Terms Used in Microbial Risk Assessment",
    "ATSDR 2004",
    "FDA 2002",
    "Health Effects Notebook Glossary",
    "Glossary of Asbestos-related Terms and Acronyms",
    "EPA ExpoBox Terminology"
  ],
  "url": "https://mlchart.com/terminology/environment/dose/"
}