Confounding

{
  "id": "MLC-T-CHM-002423",
  "term": "Confounding",
  "field": "Chemistry",
  "definition": "A situation in an epidemiological or experimental study where the observed association between an exposure and an outcome is distorted by the influence of a third variable, known as a confounder. This variable is associated with both the exposure and the outcome, but is not an intermediate step in the causal pathway. Confounding can lead to spurious conclusions about causality.",
  "subject": "Chemistry and Human Health",
  "references": [
    "PAC, 2007, 79, 1153. 'Glossary of terms used in toxicology, 2nd edition (IUPAC Recommendations 2007)' on page 1195 (https://doi.org/10.1351/pac200779071153)"
  ],
  "url": "https://mlchart.com/terminology/chemistry/confounding/"
}