Chemistry terminology · MLC-0109

Chemistry terms: C (1,366)

Page 1 of 3

• C. I. P. systemA set of rules, named after Cahn, Ingold, and Prelog, used to assign absolute configurations (R or S) to...
• C1 inhibitorA plasma protein that regulates the classical and lectin pathways of the complement system, as well as the...
• CA1-pyramidal cellA type of principal neuron located in the Cornu Ammonis 1 (CA1) field of the hippocampus in the brain. These...
• CA3-pyramidal cellA type of excitatory neuron found in the CA3 region of the hippocampus, distinguished by its pyramidal cell...
• CacosmiaA condition characterized by the perception of an unpleasant or foul odor that is not actually present in the...
• Caenorhabditis elegansA free-living, transparent nematode widely used as a model organism in biological research, particularly in...
• Caesarian sectionA surgical procedure in which incisions are made through a mother's abdomen and uterus to deliver one or more...
• CageA transient aggregate of molecules, often solvent molecules, that surrounds a pair of reactive species in...
• Cage compoundA polycyclic compound whose molecular structure encloses a cavity, often with a high degree of symmetry. The...
• Cage effectThe phenomenon where a pair of reactive species, formed within a solvent, are temporarily trapped together by...
• Caged compoundA molecule that has been chemically modified by the attachment of a photolabile protecting group, which...
• CalamiticDescribing molecules or parts of molecules that possess a rod-like or lath-like shape. These elongated...
• CalcificationThe process by which calcium salts accumulate in body tissues, which can be a normal physiological process or...
• CalcinationA thermal treatment process applied to solid materials, usually in the presence of air or an inert...
• Calcined cokeCoke that has undergone a high-temperature heat treatment process, typically above 1200 degrees Celsius, in a...
• Calcineurin inhibitorA class of immunosuppressive drugs that block the activity of calcineurin, a phosphatase enzyme involved in T...
• CalcinosisThe abnormal deposition of calcium salts, primarily calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate, in soft tissues...
• Calcium sinkA biological or environmental compartment that accumulates and retains calcium, effectively removing it from...
• Calculated molar refractivityA theoretical measure of the total polarizability of a molecule, derived from its chemical structure and...
• Calibrant in extraction phaseA substance with a known concentration that is added to the extraction phase to establish a relationship...
• CalibrationThe set of operations that establish, under specified conditions, the relationship between values indicated...
• Calibration certificateA document issued by a calibration laboratory that provides evidence of the calibration of a measuring...
• Calibration componentA specific chemical species or physical property within a sample that is used to establish the accuracy and...
• Calibration functionA mathematical model that relates the measured analytical response to the concentration or amount of an...
• Calibration gas mixtureA precisely prepared gaseous mixture containing one or more components at known concentrations, used to...
• Calibration intervalThe specified period of time or amount of use between successive calibrations of a measuring instrument or...
• Calibration, k0 methodA method of calibration in neutron activation analysis that uses a set of experimentally determined nuclear...
• Calibration materialA substance or object with one or more properties that are sufficiently homogeneous and well-established to...
• Calibration mixtureA precisely prepared sample containing known concentrations of one or more analytes, used to establish the...
• Calibration sampleA material or solution containing a known concentration of the analyte, used to establish the relationship...
• CalibratorA substance or device with a known, accurate value of the analyte or property being measured, used to...
• California verbal learning testA widely used neuropsychological assessment tool designed to evaluate verbal learning and memory abilities in...
• CalixarenesMacrocyclic oligomers formed by the condensation of phenols and formaldehyde, characterized by a cup-like or...
• CalorieA non-SI unit of energy, historically defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one...
• Calorimetric titrationA titration method where the heat evolved or absorbed during a chemical reaction is measured to determine the...
• CalorimetryThe scientific measurement of heat changes associated with chemical reactions, physical changes, or...
• CanalA narrow, tubular passage or channel within an anatomical structure or organ. These structures facilitate the...
• CancerA broad group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells, which can...
• CandelaThe SI base unit of luminous intensity, defined as the luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source...
• Candidate certified reference materialA reference material that is undergoing the certification process to become a certified reference material...
• Candidate reference materialA material that has been prepared and characterized to some extent, with the intention of being used as a...
• Canonical rate constantA rate constant that describes the overall rate of a chemical reaction at a specific temperature, assuming a...
• Canonical structure representationA unique and standardized way of depicting a chemical structure, typically used in computational chemistry...
• Canonical variablesLinear combinations of the original variables in two sets of multivariate data, constructed to maximize the...
• Canonical variate analysisA multivariate statistical technique used to find linear combinations of variables that best discriminate...
• Canonical variational transition-state theoryA theoretical framework for calculating reaction rate constants that involves finding the dividing surface in...
• CapabilityThe ability of a measurement process or system to meet specified requirements or expectations. It quantifies...
• CapacitanceThe ability of a system to store an electric charge, defined as the ratio of the charge stored on a conductor...
• Capacitance hygrometerAn instrument that measures atmospheric humidity by detecting changes in the electrical capacitance of a...
• CapacitationThe physiological process that sperm undergo in the female genital tract, rendering them capable of...
• Capillary affinity electrophoresisA separation technique that combines capillary electrophoresis with affinity interactions to separate...
• Capillary columnA type of chromatography column characterized by a narrow internal bore where the stationary phase is coated...
• Capillary condensationThe phenomenon where a gas condenses into a liquid within a porous material at a pressure below its normal...
• Capillary electrochromatographyA separation technique that combines the principles of chromatography and electrophoresis within a...
• Capillary electrophoresisA separation technique that uses an electric field to separate ions based on their electrophoretic mobility...
• Capillary gel electrophoresisA separation technique within capillary electrophoresis where the capillary is filled with a polymeric gel...
• Capillary isoelectric focusingA high-resolution electrophoretic separation technique performed in a capillary, where analytes are separated...
• Capillary isotachophoresisA separation technique in capillary electrophoresis where analytes migrate in a discontinuous buffer system...
• Capillary sieving electrophoresisA separation technique in which analytes migrate through a sieving matrix within a narrow capillary under the...
• CappingThe movement of cross-linked cell surface molecules, such as antigens bound by antibodies, to one pole of a...
• CapsuleA solid oral dosage form in which a drug substance is enclosed within a hard or soft soluble shell. The shell...
• Captodative effectThe stabilization of a radical center by the simultaneous presence of both an electron-donating (captor)...
• CaptureThe process in radioanalytical chemistry of separating a radionuclide from the bulk of a sample matrix. This...
• Capture cross-sectionA measure of the probability that a nucleus will undergo a capture reaction when bombarded by a specific type...
• Capture γ-radiationThe electromagnetic radiation emitted by an atomic nucleus immediately following the capture of a subatomic...
• Capture probeA molecule, typically a nucleic acid or antibody, designed to specifically bind and immobilize a target...
• Caput epididymisThe most cranial or proximal segment of the epididymis, which is a coiled tube located on the posterior...
• CarbaboranesPolyhedral clusters composed of carbon and boron atoms, along with hydrogen atoms, forming a cage-like...
• CarbamatesOrganic compounds derived from carbamic acid (H2NCOOH), characterized by the functional group R2N-COOR'. They...
• CarbanionA molecular entity containing a formally trivalent carbon atom that bears a negative charge and a lone pair...
• Carbene analoguesCompounds that exhibit similar reactivity and electronic structure to carbenes, but where the divalent carbon...
• Carbene radical cationsReactive intermediates containing a divalent carbon atom that possesses both an unpaired electron and a...
• CarbenesNeutral compounds containing a divalent carbon atom that has six valence electrons, two of which are...
• Carbenium centreA trivalent carbon atom bearing a formal positive charge, typically sp2 hybridized, with an empty p-orbital...
• Carbenium ionA carbocation in which the positively charged carbon atom is trivalent, meaning it is bonded to three other...
• CarbenoidsReagents that exhibit reactivity characteristic of a carbene without being a free carbene species. They are...
• CarbocationA positively charged ion in which at least one carbon atom bears a formal positive charge. This carbon atom...
• Carbocyclic compoundsOrganic molecules that contain one or more closed rings of atoms, where all the atoms forming the ring...
• CarbodiimidesA class of organic compounds containing the functional group RN=C=NR', where R and R' are organic...
• CarbohydrateA biomolecule consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, usually with a hydrogen-to-oxygen atom ratio...
• Carbohydrates, see Carbohydrate
• CarbonA nonmetallic chemical element with atomic number 6, existing in several allotropic forms such as diamond...
• Carbon artifactA manufactured product or material composed primarily of carbon, often derived from carbonaceous precursors...
• Carbon cenospheresHollow, spheroidal carbon particles with a wall thickness that is small relative to their diameter. They are...
• Carbon clothA textile material woven from carbon fibers, providing a flexible and strong fabric structure. It is produced...
• Carbon dioxide laserA gas laser that uses a mixture of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and helium as the active medium to produce a...
• Carbon electrodeAn electrical conductor made from carbon or a carbon-based material, used to transfer electrons to or from a...
• Carbon feltA non-woven material composed of randomly oriented carbon fibers, typically produced by carbonizing a...
• Carbon fibreA filamentary material composed primarily of carbon atoms, characterized by high tensile strength, high...
• Carbon fibre fabricsTextile materials created by weaving or knitting carbon fibers into a continuous sheet or cloth. These...
• Carbon fibres type HMHigh modulus carbon fibers, characterized by exceptionally high stiffness and a relatively lower tensile...
• Carbon fibres type HTA classification of carbon fibres, designated as high tenacity (HT), that exhibit high tensile strength but a...
• Carbon fibres type IMIntermediate-modulus carbon fibers, possessing a tensile modulus between 200 GPa and 300 GPa. These fibers...
• Carbon fibres type LMLow modulus carbon fibers, characterized by relatively lower stiffness and strength compared to other carbon...
• Carbon fibres type UHMA specific classification of carbon fibres characterized by an ultra-high modulus of elasticity. These...
• Carbon ink electrodeAn electrochemical sensor fabricated by printing a carbon-based ink onto a substrate, often forming a...
• Carbon loadingThe amount of carbonaceous material present in a chromatographic stationary phase, expressed as a percentage...
• Carbon materialA solid substance consisting predominantly of the element carbon, which may also contain other elements...
• Carbon mixA composite material formed by blending carbonaceous filler particles with a binder, typically pitch or...
• Carbon paste electrodeAn electrode constructed from a mixture of carbon powder and a non-conductive binder liquid, such as paraffin...
• Carbonaceous mesophaseA liquid crystalline phase formed during the pyrolysis of certain organic precursors, such as coal tar pitch...
• Carbon-carbon compositeA composite material consisting of carbon fibers embedded within a carbon matrix, offering exceptional...
• CarbonitrilesOrganic compounds characterized by the presence of a cyano group (-C≡N) directly attached to a carbon atom...
• Carbonium ionA carbocation in which the positively charged carbon atom is pentacoordinate, meaning it forms five bonds...
• CarbonizationThe thermochemical process of converting organic materials into carbon by heating them in an inert...
• Carbonothioyl-mediated radical polymerizationA controlled radical polymerization technique that employs carbonothioyl compounds, such as dithioesters or...
• Carbonyl compoundsA class of organic molecules that contain a carbonyl group, which consists of a carbon atom joined to an...
• Carbonyl imidesA class of organic compounds featuring a carbonyl group (C=O) directly bonded to a nitrogen atom that is also...
• Carbonyl oxidesA class of 1,3-dipolar reactive intermediates having the general formula R₂C=O⁺-O⁻, where the central carbon...
• Carbonyl ylidesReactive intermediates that are 1,3-dipoles, characterized by a positively charged oxygen atom and a...
• CarbonylhemoglobinA stable complex formed when carbon monoxide (CO) binds to the heme iron in hemoglobin, displacing oxygen...
• Carbo-reductionA chemical reaction in which a metal oxide is reduced to its elemental metal form using carbon as the...
• CarboxamidesOrganic compounds containing the carboxamide functional group (-CONH2), which is derived from a carboxylic...
• CarboxamidinesOrganic compounds characterized by the functional group -C(=NH)NH2, which contains a carbon atom...
• Carboxylic acidsOrganic compounds characterized by a carboxyl group, which consists of a carbonyl group (C=O) and a hydroxyl...
• CarbynesUnsaturated chemical species containing a neutral carbon atom that is triply bonded to one other atom and has...
• Carbynium ionsOrganic cations containing a monovalent carbon atom that bears a positive charge and has two non-bonding...
• CarceplexA host-guest complex where a guest molecule is completely encapsulated within the cavity of a carcerand host...
• CarcerandA host molecule that completely encapsulates a guest molecule within its cavity, forming a stable complex...
• Carcinoembryonic antigenA glycoprotein found on the surface of certain cancer cells and in fetal gut tissue, serving as a tumor...
• CarcinogenAn agent, substance, or mixture of substances that can induce or promote the development of cancer in living...
• CarcinogenesisThe complex, multi-stage process by which normal cells are transformed into cancer cells, involving...
• CarcinogenicityThe ability of a chemical substance or a mixture of substances to induce cancer or increase its incidence...
• Carcinogenicity testA long-term animal bioassay designed to determine if a chemical agent can cause or increase the incidence of...
• CarcinomaA malignant neoplasm, or cancer, that arises from epithelial cells, which are the cells that line the...
• Cardiac jellyA gelatinous, extracellular matrix rich in hyaluronic acid and proteoglycans, located between the myocardium...
• CardiogenesisThe complex biological process of heart formation and development, beginning from the initial specification...
• CardiogenicRelating to an origin within the heart or caused by a malfunction of the heart. In developmental and...
• CardiolipinA unique phospholipid with four acyl chains and two phosphate groups, primarily found in the inner...
• CardiotoxicDescribing a substance or agent that exerts a poisonous or damaging effect on the heart, leading to cardiac...
• CardiovascularRelating to the heart and blood vessels, encompassing the entire circulatory system responsible for...
• Cardo polymerA polymer containing cyclic groups where at least one carbon atom of the ring is also part of the main...
• CarotenesA class of tetraterpene hydrocarbons, characterized by their orange-yellow pigmentation and insolubility in...
• CarotenoidsA class of tetraterpenoids, which are organic pigments with structures formally derived from a C40 polyene...
• Carotid arteryOne of two major arteries, located on each side of the neck, that supply oxygenated blood to the brain, head...
• Carpel tunnel syndromeA condition characterized by compression of the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel in the...
• CarrierA stable isotope or compound added to a radioactive sample to facilitate chemical processing, such as...
• Carrier atomAn atom within a molecular entity that is directly involved in the transfer of a group or another atom during...
• Carrier gasAn inert gas, such as helium, nitrogen, or argon, that flows continuously through a chromatographic column to...
• Carrier proteinA protein that binds to a specific substance, such as a small molecule or ion, and transports it across a...
• Carrier substanceAn inert or active material to which another substance, such as a pesticide or drug, is added to facilitate...
• Carrier-linked prodrugA type of prodrug formed by the temporary chemical linkage of an active drug to a carrier molecule. This...
• Carrier-mediated drug transportThe movement of a drug molecule across a biological membrane with the assistance of a specific carrier...
• Carrying capacityThe maximum population size of a particular species that a given environment can sustain indefinitely...
• Carry-overThe unintentional transfer of a small amount of analyte or sample from one measurement or reaction to a...
• CartilageA flexible connective tissue found in many parts of the body, including joints, the ear, and the nose. It...
• CartridgeA self-contained unit, typically a small column or device, packed with a sorbent material used for sample...
• Cascade impactorA device used to collect airborne particulate matter, separating particles into different size fractions...
• Cascade mixingA process in surface analysis where multiple atomic collisions occur within a solid material due to the...
• Case cohort studyA method of sampling from a large prospective cohort in which all individuals who develop a disease of...
• Case control studyAn observational epidemiological study that compares a group of individuals with a specific disease or...
• CaspaseA family of cysteine-dependent, aspartate-directed proteases that mediate programmed cell death (apoptosis)...
• CassavismA neurological disorder resulting from chronic consumption of improperly processed cassava, which contains...
• CastrationThe removal of the gonads, either the testes in males or the ovaries in females, resulting in the cessation...
• CatabolismThe metabolic pathways that break down complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy in the process...
• Catabolite repressionA regulatory mechanism in bacteria where the presence of a preferred carbon source, such as glucose, inhibits...
• CatadromousDescribing fish species that migrate from freshwater habitats to the sea to spawn, after which the adults...
• CatadromyA migratory pattern exhibited by certain fish species where adults live in freshwater and migrate to...
• CatagenesisA geological process involving the thermal alteration of organic matter in sedimentary rocks, primarily...
• Catalán solvent parametersA set of four empirical parameters used to quantify the effects of a solvent on chemical reactivity and...
• CatalaseAn enzyme containing iron or manganese that catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and...
• Catalymetric titrationA titration method where the endpoint is determined by monitoring a change in the rate of a catalyzed...
• Catalysed photochemical reactionA photochemical reaction whose rate or selectivity is enhanced by the presence of a catalyst, which itself is...
• Catalysed rate of reactionThe rate at which a chemical reaction proceeds when facilitated by a catalyst, which increases the reaction...
• CatalysisThe process by which the rate of a chemical reaction is increased by the participation of a substance, known...
• CatalystA substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. It achieves...
• Catalyst ageingThe progressive loss of catalytic activity over time due to changes in the catalyst's physical or chemical...
• Catalyst decayThe decline over time in the activity or selectivity of a catalyst during a chemical reaction. This loss of...
• Catalyst photoactivationThe process by which a catalyst's activity is initiated or enhanced through exposure to light. This often...
• Catalyst precursorA compound that is converted into a catalytically active species under the conditions of a polymerization...
• Catalyst-transfer cross-coupling polymerizationA polymerization method where a metal catalyst mediates the formation of new carbon-carbon bonds between two...
• Catalyst-transfer polymerizationA polymerization mechanism where a metal catalyst, after mediating a coupling reaction, remains associated...
• Catalytic activityA measure of the ability of a catalyst, often an enzyme, to increase the rate of a specific chemical...
• Catalytic activity concentrationThe catalytic activity of an enzyme or catalyst per unit volume of a solution or suspension. This measure...
• Catalytic activity contentThe catalytic activity of an enzyme or catalyst per unit mass of a substance or biological material. This...
• Catalytic activity fractionThe ratio of the catalytic activity of a specific component or isoenzyme to the total catalytic activity of...
• Catalytic antibodyAn antibody that possesses catalytic activity, also known as an abzyme. These molecules are typically...
• Catalytic chain terminationA process in polymerization where a catalyst facilitates the cessation of chain growth, often by transferring...
• Catalytic chain transferA process in radical polymerization where a catalytic species, typically a cobalt complex, facilitates the...
• Catalytic coefficientA quantitative measure of the catalytic activity of a substance, representing the increase in the rate...
• Catalytic currentAn enhanced faradaic current observed in electroanalytical techniques, resulting from a chemical reaction...
• Catalytic cycleA sequence of elementary reaction steps in which a catalyst participates to facilitate a chemical...
• Catalytic dehydrocyclizationA chemical process involving the removal of hydrogen atoms from an organic molecule, followed by the...
• Catalytic domain of a polypeptideA specific region within a polypeptide chain that is responsible for its enzymatic activity, containing the...
• Catalytic graphitizationThe conversion of non-graphitic carbon into graphitic carbon at temperatures significantly lower than those...
• Catalytic hydrocrackingA refining process that breaks down large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller, more valuable ones by reacting...
• Catalytic hydrodesulfurizationA catalytic process for removing sulfur from petroleum fractions by reacting them with hydrogen. In this...
• Catalytic hydrogenolysisA chemical reaction where a chemical bond is cleaved by hydrogen, with the assistance of a catalyst. This...
• Catalytic methanationThe synthesis of methane and water from a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, or carbon dioxide and...
• Catalytic reformingA refinery process that converts low-octane naphtha into high-octane reformate, which is a valuable blending...
• Catalytic siteA specific location on the surface of a catalyst or within an enzyme where the chemical reaction takes place...
• CataractA medical condition characterized by the clouding of the natural lens inside the eye, which leads to blurred...
• CatatoniaA complex neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by abnormalities in movement and behavior, arising from a...
• CatecholaminesA class of monoamine compounds that possess a catechol (1,2-dihydroxybenzene) nucleus and an amine-containing...
• Categorical dataData that represent qualitative characteristics or attributes, which can be divided into groups or...
• CategoryA set of concepts structured by relations of subordination, where each subordinate concept possesses all the...
• Catena-A descriptor used in inorganic and coordination chemistry nomenclature to indicate a linear chain structure...
• Catenane polymerA polymer whose macromolecules are composed of two or more interlocked cyclic polymer chains, without any...
• CatenanesMechanically interlocked molecular architectures consisting of two or more macrocyclic molecules that are...
• CathodeThe electrode in an electrochemical cell where reduction occurs. In a galvanic cell, it is the positive...
• Cathodic stripping voltammetryAn electrochemical technique for quantitative analysis where the analyte is first accumulated on the working...
• Cathodic transfer coefficientA dimensionless parameter in electrochemistry that describes the fraction of the applied potential that...
• Cation exchangeA type of ion exchange process where positively charged ions (cations) in a solution are reversibly exchanged...
• Cation exchangerA solid, insoluble material, typically a resin, containing negatively charged functional groups that can...
• Cation-activated-monomer polymerizationA type of activated-monomer polymerization where a cationic species activates the monomer, making it more...
• Cationic polymerA polymer that possesses a net positive charge when dissolved or dispersed in a suitable solvent, due to the...
• Cationic polymerizationA type of chain polymerization initiated by a cationic species, such as a proton or a carbocation, which adds...
• Cationic ring-opening polymerizationA chain polymerization in which a cyclic monomer is converted into a polymer by a process involving cationic...
• Cationized moleculeA molecule that has acquired a positive charge through the non-covalent attachment of a cation, such as a...
• Cation-π interactionA noncovalent molecular interaction between a cation and the face of an electron-rich pi system, such as an...
• Cauchy functionA mathematical function often used to describe spectral line shapes, particularly in cases where homogeneous...
• Cauda epididymisThe most distal and narrowest part of the epididymis, a coiled tube located on the posterior aspect of the...
• Cauda equinaA bundle of spinal nerves and nerve roots that extends from the conus medullaris, the tapered end of the...
• CaudalRelating to the tail or the posterior part of the body, or directed towards the tail or posterior end. This...
• Caudate nucleusA C-shaped subcortical structure located within the basal ganglia of the brain, involved in motor control...
• Cause-and-effect diagramA visual tool for organizing and displaying the potential factors contributing to a specific problem or...
• CaveolaA small, flask-shaped invagination of the plasma membrane, rich in cholesterol and sphingolipids, that...
• CavitandsSynthetic organic compounds that contain an enforced, rigid concave cavity large enough to bind other...
• CavitationThe formation of vapor-filled bubbles or cavities within a liquid, typically due to a rapid reduction in...
• Cavity dumpingA technique used in laser physics to extract a short, high-intensity pulse of light from a laser resonator...
• CBCA(CO)NH/HN(CO)CACBA three-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiment used to assign backbone resonances in...
• CBCANH/HNCACBA three-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiment employed for assigning backbone resonances in...
• CC(CO)NHA three-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiment designed to correlate the Cα and Cβ chemical...
• CD1A family of cell surface glycoproteins structurally related to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I...
• CD16A low-affinity Fc receptor for immunoglobulin G (IgG), also known as FcγRIII, expressed on natural killer...
• CD23A low-affinity receptor for the Fc region of immunoglobulin E (IgE), expressed on the surface of B...
• CD25The alpha chain of the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor, also known as IL-2Rα, expressed on activated T...
• CD3A complex of transmembrane proteins that associates with the T-cell receptor (TCR) on the surface of T...
• CD4A glycoprotein expressed on the surface of T helper cells, regulatory T cells, monocytes, and macrophages...
• CD40 ligandA transmembrane protein, also known as CD154, that is primarily expressed on the surface of activated T...
• CD4+/CD25+ T cellA subpopulation of T lymphocytes characterized by the co-expression of the CD4 and CD25 surface markers...
• CD5+ B lymphocyteA distinct subset of B lymphocytes that expresses the CD5 surface marker, in addition to typical B cell...
• CD8A transmembrane glycoprotein that functions as a co-receptor on the surface of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. It...
• CD8+ T suppressor cellA type of T lymphocyte that expresses the CD8 co-receptor and exerts suppressive effects on other immune...
• CecumA blind-ended pouch forming the beginning of the large intestine, located at the junction with the small...
• Ceiling temperatureThe temperature above which the rate of depolymerization exceeds the rate of polymerization for a given...
• Ceiling valueA maximum concentration of a chemical substance in the workplace air that should not be exceeded at any time...
• CeilometerA device that measures the height of a cloud base or other atmospheric obscurations by emitting a vertical...
• Celiac diseaseA chronic autoimmune disorder of the small intestine triggered by the ingestion of gluten, a protein found in...
• Cell constantA geometric factor characteristic of an electrochemical conductivity cell, defined as the ratio of the...
• Cell cycleThe ordered sequence of events through which a cell duplicates its contents and divides into two daughter...
• Cell errorAn inaccuracy in spectrophotometric measurements caused by imperfections or variations in the absorption cell...
• Cell lineA population of cells derived from a single cell or a small group of cells that can be maintained and...
• Cell membrane preparationA biological sample enriched in cellular membranes, obtained by disrupting cells and separating the membrane...
• Cell mortalityThe irreversible loss of viability in a population of cells, leading to their death. This can occur through...
• Cell proliferationAn increase in the number of cells resulting from cell growth and division. This process involves a tightly...
• Cell strainA subpopulation of cells derived from a primary culture that has been selected for specific characteristics...
• Cell viabilityThe proportion of living, healthy cells within a population, indicating the overall health and metabolic...
• Cell-based assayA laboratory technique that uses living cells to measure the biological activity or effect of a substance...
• Cell-mediated cytotoxicityThe process by which certain immune cells directly kill target cells without the involvement of antibodies...
• Cell-mediated hypersensitivityA delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, also known as Type IV hypersensitivity, that is initiated by T...
• Cell-mediated immune responseAn immune response that does not involve antibodies but is instead mediated by the activation of specific...
• Cell-mediated immunityA type of adaptive immunity where the immune response is carried out by T lymphocytes and other immune cells...
• CellulationThe process by which a polymer melt or solution, upon cooling or solvent removal, forms a cellular structure...
• Celsius temperatureA temperature scale where the freezing point of water is defined as 0 degrees Celsius and the boiling point...
• Censored dataObservations in a dataset where the true value is not precisely known but is known to be above or below a...
• CentiA prefix in the International System of Units (SI) denoting a factor of 10^-2. It is used to form decimal...
• Central atomAn atom within a coordination entity that binds a group of other atoms or groups of atoms, known as ligands...
• Central nervous systemThe part of the nervous system comprising the brain and spinal cord, responsible for integrating sensory...
• Central toleranceA process by which self-reactive lymphocytes are eliminated or inactivated during their development in...
• CentreA point in a molecule or crystal lattice that serves as a reference for describing its symmetry or...
• Centre burstThe region of maximum intensity in an interferogram, corresponding to the point where the path difference...
• Centrifugal accelerationThe acceleration experienced by a particle moving in a circular path, directed away from the center of...
• Centrifugal barrierA potential energy barrier arising from the angular momentum of colliding particles in a chemical reaction...
• Centrifugal forceThe apparent force that acts outward on a body moving in a circular path, relative to the rotating frame of...
• Centrifugal radiusThe distance from the center of rotation to a specified point within a centrifuge tube or container. This...
• Centroid acquisitionA method of data collection in mass spectrometry where only the center of each mass spectral peak is...
• CentromereA constricted region on a chromosome that serves as the attachment point for spindle fibers during cell...
• CephalinsA class of phospholipids, specifically phosphatidylethanolamines, characterized by a glycerol backbone...
• CephalosporinsA class of β-lactam antibiotics derived from the fungus Acremonium, characterized by a dihydrothiazine ring...
• CephemsUnsaturated heterocyclic compounds featuring a bicyclic structure where a four-membered β-lactam ring is...
• CeramerA hybrid organic-inorganic material in which inorganic oligomers are chemically incorporated into an organic...
• CeramicA predominantly inorganic, non-metallic solid material prepared by the action of heat and subsequent cooling...
• Ceramic filterA porous filter medium made from ceramic materials, used for separating solid particles from liquids or...
• Ceramic precursorA compound or material, frequently a polymer, that transforms into a ceramic upon thermal treatment. This...
• Ceramic yieldThe mass percentage of ceramic material obtained after the pyrolysis of a ceramic precursor, relative to the...
• Ceramic-reinforced polymerA polymer composite material where ceramic particles, fibers, or whiskers are dispersed within a polymer...
• CeramideA family of waxy lipid molecules composed of a sphingosine molecule linked to a fatty acid via an amide bond...
• CeramizationThe process of converting a non-ceramic material, known as a ceramic precursor, into a ceramic product...
• Cerebellar tonsillar herniationThe displacement of the cerebellar tonsils, which are the lowest parts of the cerebellum, through the foramen...
• CerebellumA major division of the brain located at the back of the skull, beneath the cerebrum, responsible for...
• Cerebral cortexThe outermost layer of the cerebrum, composed of gray matter, which is responsible for higher-order functions...
• Cerebral hemisphereOne of the two large, symmetrical halves of the cerebrum, separated by the longitudinal fissure. Each...
• Cerebral palsyA group of permanent movement disorders that appear in early childhood, caused by abnormal brain development...
• CerebrosideA type of glycosphingolipid consisting of a ceramide lipid base with a single sugar residue (either glucose...
• Cerebrospinal fluidA clear, colorless body fluid found within the tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord of all...
• CerebrumThe largest part of the brain, located in the front and upper part of the skull, divided into two...
• Cerenkov detectorA device designed to detect high-energy charged particles by observing the Cerenkov radiation they emit when...
• Cerenkov effectThe emission of electromagnetic radiation that occurs when a charged particle traverses a dielectric medium...
• Cerenkov radiationElectromagnetic radiation emitted when a charged particle moves through a dielectric medium at a velocity...
• Cerimetric titrationA redox titration method that uses a standardized solution of cerium(IV) sulfate as the titrant to determine...
• CertificationThe procedure by which a third party provides written assurance that a product, process, or service conforms...
• Certified nominal reference materialA reference material for which one or more nominal properties are certified by a technically competent body...
• Certified property valueA property value of a reference material for which metrological traceability to an SI unit or to a primary...
• Certified reference materialA reference material characterized by a metrologically valid procedure for one or more specified properties...
• Cervical ribA supernumerary rib that arises from the seventh cervical vertebra, located above the first thoracic rib...
• Cervical spineThe uppermost portion of the vertebral column, situated in the neck between the skull and the thoracic spine...
• Cervical vertebraAny of the seven vertebrae (C1-C7) that form the cervical spine in the neck region. These vertebrae are...
• CervixThe lower, narrow portion of the uterus that connects to the upper part of the vagina. This fibromuscular...
• CetaceansAn order of fully aquatic placental mammals that includes whales, dolphins, and porpoises. As mammals, they...
• ChainThe entire sequence of atoms or constitutional units that are connected to form a macromolecule, oligomer...
• Chain activationThe conversion of a dormant polymer chain into an active one capable of propagation. This process is a...
• Chain axisAn imaginary line that represents the general direction of the backbone of a polymer chain, particularly in...
• Chain branchingA process in a chain reaction where a reactive intermediate (a chain carrier) reacts to produce more than one...
• Chain carrierA reactive intermediate species that propagates a chain reaction by reacting to form another reactive...
• Chain conformationThe spatial arrangement of a polymer chain that can be changed by rotation around single bonds without...
• Chain conformational repeating unitThe smallest repeating unit along a polymer chain whose conformation, when repeated, describes the overall...
• Chain copolymerisationA polymerization process where two or more different types of monomers are added sequentially to an active...
• Chain deactivationThe process in chain polymerization where an active chain end becomes temporarily or permanently inactive...
• Chain depropagationA reverse reaction in chain polymerization where a monomer unit is released from the active chain end...
• Chain entanglementThe topological interpenetration and intertwining of polymer chains in a concentrated solution or melt...
• Chain fission yieldThe cumulative yield of all nuclides with a given mass number that are formed directly or indirectly through...
• Chain foldingA phenomenon observed in crystalline polymers where a polymer chain reverses its direction and re-enters the...
• Chain initiationThe initial step in a chain reaction where active species, such as free radicals or ions, are formed from...
• Chain lengthThe average number of monomer units incorporated into a polymer chain during a polymerization reaction, or...
• Chain of custodyA documented record detailing the possession and transfer of a sample from the moment of collection to its...
• Chain polymerizationA polymerization mechanism where monomer molecules are added one by one to the active site of a growing...
• Chain propagationThe step in chain polymerization where an active polymer chain reacts with a monomer molecule, adding it to...
• Chain reactionA sequence of chemical reactions where a reactive intermediate, or chain carrier, is consumed in one step and...
• Chain reactivationThe conversion of a dormant polymer chain into an active one, allowing it to resume propagation. This process...
• Chain scissionThe cleavage of a skeletal bond within a macromolecule's main chain, resulting in a decrease in the average...
• Chain segmentA portion of a polymer chain that behaves as a kinetic unit, meaning its motion is somewhat independent of...
• Chain stiffnessA measure of the resistance of a polymer chain to bending or changes in its conformation. It is determined by...
• Chain terminationThe irreversible process in chain polymerization where the growth of an active polymer chain is stopped...
• Chain transferA process in chain polymerization where the growing polymer radical reacts with another molecule...
• Chain-end reactivity ratioA parameter that describes the relative reactivity of a propagating polymer chain end with different monomers...
• Chain-extended crystalA polymer crystal in which the macromolecular chains are fully extended and traverse the entire thickness of...
• Chain-orientational disorderA type of structural disorder in polymer crystals where the polymer chains are not perfectly aligned along a...
• Chain-propagating reactionA step in a chain reaction where a reactive intermediate (chain carrier) reacts with a stable molecule to...
• Chain-shuttling polymerizationA type of coordinative chain-transfer polymerization involving two or more catalysts and a chain-shuttling...
• Chain-transfer agentA compound added to a polymerization reaction that can react with a growing polymer chain, terminating its...
• Chain-transfer constantA dimensionless kinetic parameter that quantifies the efficiency of a chain-transfer agent in a...
• Chain-walking polymerizationA type of coordination polymerization where the active catalytic center migrates along the growing polymer...
• Chair, boat, twistSpecific conformational isomers of cyclohexane and other six-membered rings, arising from the flexibility of...
• Chalcogen bondA noncovalent interaction occurring when an electrophilic region on a covalently bonded chalcogen atom...
• ChalconesA class of natural organic compounds belonging to the flavonoid family, characterized by an open-chain...
• ChallengeThe deliberate administration of an antigen or immunogen to a previously sensitized subject to elicit and...
• Chamber saturationThe condition in a chromatography chamber where the atmosphere is saturated with the vapor of the mobile...
• Chance correlationAn apparent relationship between two or more variables that occurs purely by random coincidence, rather than...
• Change of a quantityThe difference between the final and initial values of a specific measurable property over a given period or...
• Change of massA measurable alteration in the mass of a material or system, often observed during chemical reactions or...
• Change ratio of a quantityThe ratio of the change in a quantity to its initial value, often expressed as a percentage. This metric...
• ChannelA specific pathway or trajectory through which a chemical reaction can proceed, leading from reactants to...
• Channel blockerA type of drug or compound that inhibits the flow of ions through specific ion channels in cell membranes...
• Channel openerA type of drug or compound that facilitates or increases the flow of ions through specific ion channels in...
• ChannelingThe phenomenon where incident ions or electrons penetrate deeper into a crystalline solid along specific...
• Channeling effectThe phenomenon in packed column chromatography where the mobile phase flows preferentially through certain...
• Channels ratio methodA technique used in liquid scintillation counting to correct for quenching, which is the reduction in light...
• ChaperonA molecule that facilitates the folding or unfolding of other macromolecules, particularly proteins, without...
• Chaperone-mediated autophagyA highly selective pathway for the degradation of specific cytosolic proteins within lysosomes. In this...
• Chapman mechanismA set of chemical reactions describing the formation and destruction of ozone in the Earth's stratosphere. It...
• CharA solid, carbonaceous residue formed from the incomplete combustion or pyrolysis of organic materials, such...
• Characteristic electron energy lossesSpecific energy losses experienced by electrons as they pass through a material, resulting from inelastic...
• Characteristic groupA functional group or substituent that defines the class of an organic compound and is used in systematic...
• Characteristic lengthA representative length scale used to describe the dimensions or extent of a physical system or phenomenon...
• Characteristic lineA specific wavelength or energy of electromagnetic radiation emitted or absorbed by an atom or ion...
• Characteristic massThe mass of an analyte that produces a specific absorbance signal, typically 0.0044 absorbance units, under...
• Characteristic mass for integrated absorbanceThe mass of an analyte that produces an integrated absorbance of 0.0044 absorbance seconds in electrothermal...
• Characteristic mass for peak absorptionThe mass of an analyte that produces a peak absorbance of 0.0044 absorbance units in electrothermal atomic...
• Characteristic potentialA specific potential value observed in an electrochemical experiment that is indicative of a particular redox...
• Characteristic ratioA dimensionless parameter that describes the stiffness and spatial extent of a linear polymer chain in its...
• Characteristic temperaturesSpecific temperatures at which a polymer undergoes distinct physical or chemical transitions, such as changes...
• Characteristic X-ray emissionThe emission of X-rays with discrete energies that are specific to the element from which they originate...
• CharcoalA lightweight, porous, black carbonaceous material produced by heating wood or other organic substances in...
• Charcoal tubeA sampling device consisting of a glass tube packed with activated charcoal, used to collect airborne organic...
• Charge carrierA mobile entity, such as an electron or a hole, that is responsible for conducting electrical current in a...
• Charge carrier concentrationThe number of mobile charge carriers, such as electrons or holes, per unit volume within a material. This...
• Charge carrier diffusionThe movement of charge carriers, such as electrons or holes, through a polymer due to random thermal motion...
• Charge carrier generationThe process by which mobile charge carriers, namely electrons and holes, are created within a material. In...
• Charge carrier injectionThe process of introducing mobile charge carriers, such as electrons or holes, from an external electrode...
• Charge carrier mobilityA measure of how quickly charge carriers, such as electrons or holes, move through a polymeric material under...
• Charge carrier recombinationThe process in which oppositely charged carriers, such as an electron and a hole, meet and annihilate each...
• Charge coupled deviceA semiconductor device that converts light into an electrical charge and then transfers this charge across an...
• Charge densityThe amount of electric charge per unit volume, area, or length within a given space or on a surface. It...
• Charge hoppingA mechanism of charge transport in materials, particularly in disordered or semiconducting systems, where...
• Charge inversion reactionA gas-phase ion-molecule reaction where the charge of the reactant ion changes sign. For example, a positive...
• Charge neutralizationThe process of compensating for the accumulation of electrostatic charge on the surface of an insulating or...
• Charge numberAn integer representing the electric charge of an ion, expressed as a multiple of the elementary charge. It...
• Charge populationThe distribution of electric charge among the atoms or functional groups within a molecule or molecular...
• Charge recombinationThe process in which separated positive and negative charges, formed after an initial charge separation...
• Charge referencingA method used in surface analysis, particularly X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, to correct for the energy...
• Charge remote fragmentationA fragmentation reaction of a gas-phase ion in mass spectrometry where the bond cleavage occurs at a location...
• Charge separationThe process by which an excited molecular entity undergoes a redistribution of electron density, leading to...
• Charge shiftA process involving the movement of an electron from one molecular entity to another, or within different...
• Charge site derivatizationA chemical modification of an analyte to introduce a permanent, localized charge at a specific location...
• Charge transferThe movement of electronic charge from one molecular entity or region to another within a polymeric system...
• Charged residue modelA model describing the formation of gas-phase ions from charged droplets in electrospray ionization. As...
• Charge-exchange ionizationAn ionization process in mass spectrometry where a neutral atom or molecule is ionized by colliding with an...
• Charge-exchange reactionA chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons between two colliding species, resulting...
• Charge-inversion mass spectrumA mass spectrum obtained from a charge-inversion reaction, where an ion of a specific charge state is...
• Charge-mediated fragmentationA type of fragmentation in mass spectrometry where bond cleavages occur at or near the site of the charge...
• Charge-permutation reactionA type of ion-molecule reaction observed in mass spectrometry where the charge state of the reactants is...
• Charge-stripping reactionA unimolecular or bimolecular reaction in the gas phase where an ion loses one or more electrons, resulting...
• Charge-transfer absorptionThe absorption of electromagnetic radiation that results in the excitation of an electron from a donor...
• Charge-transfer adsorptionA type of chemisorption where electron transfer occurs between the adsorbate and the adsorbent surface. This...
• Charge-transfer complexAn adduct formed between two or more molecular entities, one acting as an electron donor and the other as an...
• Charge-transfer deviceA semiconductor device that operates by transferring packets of charge, representing information, across an...
• Charge-transfer excitonAn excited state in a polymer where an electron and a hole are bound together but are localized on different...
• Charge-transfer reactionA chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one reactant (the electron donor) to another...
• Charge-transfer stateAn excited electronic state of a molecular entity where a substantial portion of electron density has been...
• Charge-transfer stepAn elementary reaction within an overall electrochemical process where an electron or multiple electrons are...
• Charge-transfer transition to solventAn electronic transition where an electron is transferred from a solute molecule to the surrounding solvent...
• Charging potentialThe electrical potential that develops on the surface of an insulating or poorly conducting sample when...
• CharringThe process of incomplete combustion or pyrolysis of organic material, resulting in the formation of a black...
• Checkpoint pathwayA biochemical signaling network that monitors the integrity of the genome and the proper progression of the...
• Chelating polymerA polymer containing pendant or integral ligand groups capable of forming multiple coordinate bonds with a...
• ChelationThe formation of a coordination complex between a central metal ion and a ligand that contains two or more...
• Chelation solvent extractionA liquid-liquid extraction technique where a metal ion in an aqueous phase reacts with an organic chelating...
• Chelation therapyA medical procedure for treating metal poisoning by introducing specific chemical compounds, known as...
• Cheletropic reactionA type of pericyclic reaction in which two sigma bonds are made or broken to the same atom of a reactant...
• Chelotropic reactionA type of pericyclic reaction in which two sigma bonds are made or broken to the same atom of a reactant...
• ChemesthesisThe chemical sensitivity of the skin and mucous membranes, distinct from taste and smell, that produces...
• Chemical actinometerA device or system that measures the intensity of light, particularly in the ultraviolet and visible regions...
• Chemical activationThe process by which a molecule gains sufficient internal energy through a chemical reaction to overcome an...
• Chemical amplificationA process in polymer chemistry where a single catalytic event, such as the generation of an acid, initiates a...
• Chemical analysisThe process of investigating a material to determine its chemical composition, chemical structure, or the...
• Chemical biologyAn interdisciplinary scientific field that applies chemical principles and techniques to study and manipulate...
• Chemical bondA lasting attraction between atoms, ions, or molecules that enables the formation of chemical compounds...
• Chemical conversionThe process by which a chemical substance is transformed into another substance or substances through a...
• Chemical databaseA structured collection of information about chemical compounds, reactions, and related properties, organized...
• Chemical decompositionThe breakdown of a single chemical entity, such as a molecule, complex, or ion, into two or more smaller...
• Chemical dependencyA state of physiological and psychological reliance on a psychoactive substance, characterized by compulsive...
• Chemical diffusionThe net transport of chemical species within a material driven by a concentration gradient, resulting in a...
• Chemical dosimeterA system that quantifies the absorbed dose of ionizing radiation by measuring the extent of a...
• Chemical elementA pure substance consisting of only one type of atom, distinguished by its atomic number, which is the number...
• Chemical equilibriumA state in a reversible chemical reaction where the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the...
• Chemical fluxThe rate at which a chemical substance is transported across a defined boundary or through a system. This...
• Chemical functionalityThe number of covalent bonds that a monomer, oligomer, or reactive center can form with other reactants...
• Chemical hydride generationA technique for converting certain elements into their volatile hydrides for introduction into an atomic...
• Chemical inductionA phenomenon where a chemical reaction is initiated or accelerated by the presence of another, often faster...
• Chemical ionizationA mass spectrometry ionization method that produces ions through the reaction of analyte molecules with a...
• Chemical isotope exchangeA process involving the transfer of isotopes of an element between two different chemical species or phases...
• Chemical laserA laser that derives its energy from a chemical reaction, where the reaction products are formed in an...
• Chemical libraryA collection of stored chemical compounds used in high-throughput screening to identify substances with...
• Chemical mapA two- or three-dimensional representation of the spatial distribution of chemical species or properties...
• Chemical measurement processThe entire sequence of operations involved in obtaining a chemical measurement result, from sampling to data...
• Chemical modificationThe alteration of the chemical structure of a polymer after its initial synthesis, typically by reacting...
• Chemical oxygen demandA measure of the amount of oxygen required to chemically oxidize organic and inorganic pollutants in a water...
• Chemical potentialA thermodynamic quantity that measures the change in the Gibbs free energy of a system when an infinitesimal...
• Chemical purityA measure of the degree to which a chemical substance is free from other chemical substances. It is expressed...
• Chemical reactionA process that involves the rearrangement of the molecular or ionic structure of a substance, as opposed to a...
• Chemical reaction equationA symbolic representation of a chemical reaction, showing the reactants on the left side and the products on...
• Chemical relaxationThe process by which a chemical system, perturbed from its equilibrium state, returns to a new equilibrium...
• Chemical safetyThe practice and procedures aimed at preventing adverse effects on human health and the environment from the...
• Chemical shiftThe difference in the resonance frequency of a nucleus in a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum...
• Chemical shift anisotropyThe orientation-dependent variation of the chemical shift of a nucleus in nuclear magnetic resonance...
• Chemical spaceThe theoretical or actual collection of all possible chemical compounds that could exist, often defined by...
• Chemical speciesAn ensemble of chemically identical molecular entities that can explore the same set of molecular energy...
• Chemical stateThe specific chemical form of an element within a material, characterized by its oxidation state, bonding...
• Chemical state plotA graphical representation that displays the distribution of different chemical states of an element on a...
• Chemical substanceA form of matter that has a definite chemical composition and characteristic properties. It can be an...
• Chemical time bombA hazardous chemical or mixture of chemicals that has been released into the environment but does not...
• Chemical vapour generationA process for converting an analyte into a volatile form for transport to an atomization or excitation cell...
• Chemical warfareThe use of toxic chemical substances as weapons in armed conflict to cause death, injury, temporary...
• Chemical yieldThe amount of a desired product obtained from a chemical reaction, expressed as a fraction or percentage of...
• Chemically amplified resistA type of photoresist material where a catalytic reaction, initiated by exposure to radiation, modifies the...
• Chemically bonded hybridA hybrid material where at least two phases are linked by covalent or ionic bonds. These bonds form at the...
• Chemically induced dynamic electron polarizationA phenomenon observed in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, where non-equilibrium...
• Chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarizationA non-equilibrium nuclear spin state polarization observed in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra during...
• Chemically initiated electron exchange luminescenceA type of chemiluminescence where light emission results from an electron transfer reaction between two...
• Chemically-modified electrodeAn electrode whose surface has been intentionally altered by attaching a layer of chemical species to impart...
• Chemically-sensitive field effect transistorA type of field-effect transistor where the gate electrode is replaced by a chemically sensitive membrane or...
• ChemiexcitationThe generation of an electronically excited state of a molecule as a direct result of a chemical reaction...
• Chemi-ionizationThe formation of an ion through a chemical reaction between neutral atoms or molecules, rather than by direct...
• ChemiluminescenceThe emission of light as a result of a chemical reaction, producing electronically excited species that...
• Chemiluminescence analyserAn analytical instrument that detects and quantifies specific chemical species by measuring the light emitted...
• Chemiluminescent methods of detectionAnalytical techniques that rely on the emission of light from a chemical reaction to detect and quantify...
• CheminformaticsThe application of computational and informational techniques to solve problems in chemistry, particularly in...
• ChemisorptionThe adsorption of a substance onto a surface through the formation of chemical bonds between the adsorbate...
• ChemogenomicsA research approach that systematically explores the interactions between small molecules and biological...
• ChemokineA small cytokine, typically between 8 and 10 kDa in molecular weight, that induces directed chemotaxis in...
• ChemometricsThe application of mathematical and statistical methods to chemical data to extract maximum information. This...
• ChemophobiaAn irrational aversion to or fear of chemicals, particularly synthetic ones. This apprehension often stems...
• ChemoselectivityThe preferential reaction of a reagent with one functional group in a polyfunctional molecule over other...
• ChemosisEdema of the conjunctiva, the transparent membrane lining the eyelids and covering the white part of the eye...
• ChemostatA type of bioreactor designed for continuous culture of microorganisms, where fresh growth medium is...
• ChemosteriliserA chemical compound that induces sterility in an organism, preventing reproduction without necessarily...
• Chemotactic factorA substance that can induce chemotaxis, which is the directed movement of cells in response to a chemical...
• ChemotaxisThe directional movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a chemical concentration gradient. Cells...
• Chemotaxis assayA laboratory method used to quantify the directed movement of cells in response to a chemical gradient. These...
• ChemotypeA chemically distinct entity within a species or population, characterized by a specific profile of secondary...
• Chernoff-Kavlock assayA screening assay used in developmental toxicology to identify potential developmental toxicants. This test...
• ChimeraAn organism composed of cells from two or more distinct zygotes, resulting in genetically different cell...
• Chimney effectThe natural upward movement of air or gases within a vertical conduit, such as a chimney or vent, driven by...
• ChiralDescribing an object or a molecular entity that is non-superimposable on its mirror image. This property is...
• Chiral additiveA substance added to a chromatographic mobile phase or stationary phase to induce or enhance the separation...
• Chiral featureA structural element of a molecule that is responsible for its chirality, meaning its non-superimposability...
• Chiral mobile phaseA liquid or supercritical fluid used in chromatography that contains a chiral selector, enabling the...
• Chiral recognitionThe process by which a chiral molecule or agent selectively interacts with one enantiomer of a chiral...
• Chiral selectorA molecule or moiety that can recognize and differentiate between enantiomers, typically by forming transient...
• Chiral stationary phaseA chromatographic stationary phase that contains chiral selectors capable of interacting differentially with...
• ChiralityThe geometric property of a molecule or object that cannot be superimposed on its mirror image by any...
• Chirality axisA line in a molecule about which a set of ligands is arranged helically in a non-superimposable mirror image...
• Chirality centreAn atom in a molecule that is bonded to four different groups, leading to a non-superposable mirror image...
• Chirality elementA geometric feature within a molecule that is responsible for its overall chirality. This element can be a...
• Chirality planeA plane in a molecule that contains three atoms, with a fourth atom lying outside the plane and being unable...
• Chirality senseThe specific handedness of a chiral object or molecule, typically designated as R (rectus) or S (sinister)...
• ChiropticRelating to the optical techniques used to investigate the stereochemical features of chiral substances...
• ChirotopicDescribing a site in a molecule that resides in a chiral environment, meaning it cannot be superimposed on...
• ChloracneA severe, persistent acne-like skin condition caused by exposure to certain halogenated aromatic...

1,366 of 13,678 terms in Chemistry terminology (MLC-0109). Request the full dataset.