Chemistry terminology · MLC-0109

Chemistry terms: M (952)

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• M diadA sequence of two consecutive monomeric units in a polymer chain where the substituents on the main chain are...
• MacArthur-Wilson modelA model of island biogeography that explains species richness on an island as a dynamic equilibrium between...
• Machine learningA field of artificial intelligence that develops algorithms allowing computer systems to learn from data...
• MacroautophagyA cellular process involving the formation of a double-membraned vesicle, called an autophagosome, which...
• MacrocephalyA condition characterized by an abnormally large head circumference for an individual's age and sex. It can...
• Macro-chain-transfer agentA polymeric chain-transfer agent that participates in a chain-transfer reaction, leading to the formation of...
• MacrocosmA large multispecies test system, such as a big outdoor pond or an enclosure within a natural water body...
• MacrocycleA cyclic macromolecule or a macromolecular cyclic portion of a molecule. This structure contains at least one...
• Macrocyclic componentA molecule containing at least one ring large enough to be threaded onto a linear section of another...
• MacroelectrodeAn electrode with characteristic dimensions, such as radius or length, that are large enough for mass...
• Macro-emulsionA thermodynamically unstable dispersion of two immiscible liquids, where one liquid is dispersed as droplets...
• MacrognathiaA developmental anomaly characterized by an abnormally large jaw, which can affect either the maxilla (upper...
• MacroinitiatorA macromolecule that contains one or more initiating sites capable of initiating the polymerization of...
• MacrolidesCompounds built on a large cyclic ester (lactone) whose ring has at least twelve atoms, in the antibiotic...
• MacromeliaA congenital anomaly characterized by the abnormal enlargement of one or more limbs or parts of a limb. This...
• MacrometeorologyThe study of atmospheric phenomena on a large scale, encompassing weather systems with horizontal dimensions...
• Macromolecular coilThe random, convoluted conformation adopted by a flexible polymer chain in solution or in the amorphous...
• Macromolecular componentA polymer or macromolecule that constitutes one of the building blocks in a larger supramolecular structure...
• Macromolecular crystallographic information fileA standard text file format for exchanging data from macromolecular crystallography experiments, such as...
• Macromolecular isomorphismThe phenomenon where two or more different macromolecules can crystallize together in the same crystal...
• Macromolecular prodrugA prodrug where the active drug molecule is covalently attached to a polymer carrier, designed to improve its...
• Macromolecular pseudorotaxaneA supramolecular assembly formed by the non-covalent threading of a linear macromolecule through one or more...
• Macromolecular rotaxaneA mechanically interlocked molecular architecture where a macrocyclic component is threaded onto a linear...
• MacromoleculeA molecule characterized by a high relative molecular mass, whose structure is primarily composed of the...
• MacromonomerA macromolecule that possesses at least one polymerizable end-group, allowing it to act as a monomer in...
• Macromonomer moleculeA macromolecule with a single end-group that lets it act as a monomer, so each molecule contributes only one...
• Macromonomeric unitThe constitutional unit that a single macromonomer molecule contributes to a polymer chain, which is much...
• MacronutrientA chemical element or substance required in relatively large quantities for the growth and metabolism of an...
• MacrophageA large phagocytic cell, derived from blood monocytes or from embryonic precursors in some tissues, that...
• Macrophage function testAn in vitro or in vivo procedure designed to assess the functional capabilities of macrophages. These tests...
• Macrophage mannose receptorA C-type lectin receptor found on the surface of macrophages and dendritic cells that recognizes...
• MacrophyteAn aquatic plant large enough to be seen without a microscope, growing in or near water, either fully or...
• MacropinocytosisA clathrin-independent endocytic pathway characterized by the formation of large, irregular membrane...
• MacroporeA pore within a material that has a diameter exceeding 50 nanometers, according to IUPAC classification...
• Macroporous particleA particle characterized by a porous structure where the pores are larger than 50 nanometers in diameter...
• Macroporous polymerA polymeric material characterized by a network of interconnected pores with diameters typically exceeding 50...
• MacroradicalA macromolecule that also functions as a radical, meaning it possesses one or more unpaired electrons. These...
• Macroscopic cross-sectionA measure of the probability per unit path length that a specific nuclear reaction or interaction will occur...
• Macroscopic filmA film whose lateral dimensions exceed 100 micrometres, giving a continuous layer on a macroscopic scale. The...
• Macroscopic kineticsThe study of reaction rates and mechanisms at a scale where the system is treated as a continuum, without...
• Macroscopic pathologyThe study of disease at a level visible to the unaided eye, focusing on changes in the size, shape, color...
• MacrosomiaA condition in which a newborn is significantly larger than average for its gestational age, also known as...
• MacrostomiaA congenital anomaly characterized by an unusually wide mouth resulting from the failure of the maxillary and...
• Magic angleThe specific angle, approximately 54.74 degrees, at which the second-order Legendre polynomial becomes zero...
• Magic angle spinningA technique used in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to average out anisotropic...
• Magnetic circular dichroismA spectroscopic effect where a substance placed in a strong magnetic field parallel to a light beam absorbs...
• Magnetic deflectionThe change in trajectory of charged particles as they pass through a magnetic field. This phenomenon is...
• Magnetic equivalenceA condition in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy where two or more nuclei not only have the same...
• Magnetic field scanA method of obtaining a mass spectrum by systematically varying the strength of the magnetic field in a...
• Magnetic field strengthA measure of the intensity of a magnetic field, representing the force exerted on a unit magnetic pole or the...
• Magnetic fluxA measure of the total magnetic field passing through a given area, representing the number of magnetic field...
• Magnetic flux densityA vector quantity that describes the strength and direction of a magnetic field at a given point...
• Magnetic maskA mask whose pattern is made of a paramagnetic metal, used in magnetolithography to shape the magnetic field...
• Magnetic momentA measure of the strength and orientation of a magnetic source, such as an electron, nucleus, or molecule, in...
• Magnetic nanoparticle sorbentA sorbent material composed of magnetic nanoparticles, often coated with a functionalized layer, used for the...
• Magnetic resonance imagingA non-invasive medical imaging technique that uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to generate...
• Magnetic resonance spectroscopyA non-invasive analytical technique that uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to detect and quantify...
• Magnetic sectorA component in a mass spectrometer that separates ions based on their mass-to-charge ratio by deflecting them...
• Magnetic susceptibilityA dimensionless proportionality constant that indicates the degree to which a material can be magnetized in...
• Magnetic transitionA phase transition in a material where its magnetic ordering changes, such as from a paramagnetic state to a...
• MagnetizabilityA measure of how readily a substance can be magnetized when placed in an external magnetic field. It...
• Magnetization transferA phenomenon observed in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy where the saturation of one spin...
• Magnetogyric ratioThe ratio of a particle's magnetic dipole moment to its angular momentum. This constant relates the magnetic...
• MagnetolithographyA lithographic technique that employs magnetic fields to pattern materials. This method involves using a...
• MagnetoresistanceThe phenomenon where the electrical resistance of a material changes when an external magnetic field is...
• Magnetron motionThe circular drift motion of an ion in a Penning ion trap, perpendicular to both the applied magnetic field...
• Mahalanobis distanceA statistical metric that quantifies how many standard deviations a point is from the center of a...
• Main chainThe longest continuous sequence of covalently bonded atoms within a polymer molecule from which all other...
• Main effectThe independent effect of a single factor or variable on a response in an experimental design, averaged...
• Main ringThe macrocycle chosen as the reference ring for naming a bridged polycyclic macromolecule, or a polycyclic...
• Main-chain macromolecular rotaxaneA type of macromolecular rotaxane in which the linear component, or thread, is a polymer chain, and the...
• Main-chain polymer liquid crystalA polymer in which the mesogenic (liquid crystal forming) groups are incorporated directly into the main...
• Main-chain rotaxane polymerA polymer in which the rotaxane constitutional units are directly incorporated into the main chain of the...
• Main-chain scissionThe process of breaking covalent bonds within the main chain of a polymer molecule. This leads to a decrease...
• Main-chain self-assemblyThe spontaneous organization of polymer chains into ordered structures where the primary interactions driving...
• Mainstream smokeThe smoke drawn through the tobacco product and inhaled by the smoker, representing the primary exposure...
• Major basic proteinA cytotoxic protein stored in the granules of eosinophils, which are a type of white blood cell. This protein...
• Major histocompatibility complexA set of genes encoding cell surface glycoproteins that bind peptide antigens and present them to T...
• Major histocompatibility complex class I moleculeA cell surface glycoprotein found on nearly all nucleated cells, responsible for presenting intracellular...
• Major histocompatibility complex class II moleculeA cell surface glycoprotein primarily expressed on professional antigen-presenting cells, such as...
• Major histocompatibility complex class III moleculeA protein encoded by genes located within the major histocompatibility complex region, but structurally and...
• Major histocompatibility complex moleculeA cell surface glycoprotein encoded by the major histocompatibility complex gene family, responsible for...
• Major histocompatibility complex restrictionThe requirement that a T lymphocyte can only recognize and respond to a foreign peptide antigen when it is...
• Make-up liquidA liquid introduced into a mass spectrometer to adjust the flow rate or composition of the sample stream...
• MalaiseA vague feeling of bodily discomfort, illness, or unease, without any specific or identifiable symptoms. It...
• Male fertilityThe capacity of a male to produce viable sperm and successfully contribute to conception. This involves the...
• Male fertility indexA reproductive toxicity endpoint giving the percentage of mated male rodents that impregnate a female: the...
• Male-mediated toxicityThe adverse effects on offspring or a female partner resulting from exposure of the male to a toxic...
• MalformationA permanent structural abnormality present at birth that results from an intrinsic error in morphogenesis...
• MalignancyThe state of being malignant, characterized by uncontrolled cell growth, invasion of surrounding tissues, and...
• MalignantDescribing a neoplasm or tumor that exhibits properties of invasion and metastasis. Malignant cells grow...
• Malthusian theoryA theory proposing that population growth tends to outpace the growth of food supply, leading to resource...
• Mammalian target of rapamycinA serine/threonine protein kinase that integrates signals from nutrients, growth factors, and cellular energy...
• Mammary glandAn exocrine gland in mammals that produces milk to feed young offspring. These glands are present in both...
• Mancude-ring systemsRings or fused ring systems in which every atom able to form a double bond is part of one, giving the highest...
• ManganismA neurological disorder caused by chronic exposure to excessive levels of manganese. The condition is...
• ManiaA mental state characterized by an elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, often accompanied by increased...
• ManipulatorA mechanical device used for handling radioactive materials remotely, allowing an operator to perform tasks...
• Mannan-binding lectin-associated serine peptidase-1 and -2Proteolytic enzymes (MASP-1 and MASP-2) that are components of the lectin pathway of the complement system, a...
• Mannose-binding proteinA C-type lectin that recognizes specific carbohydrate patterns on the surface of pathogens, initiating the...
• Mantle zoneThe outer layer of a lymphoid follicle, surrounding the germinal center, composed primarily of small, naive B...
• ManualRelating to an analytical procedure or operation performed directly by human intervention, without the aid of...
• MappingThe process of determining the relative positions of genes or other identifiable sequences on a chromosome or...
• Marangoni effectThe transfer of mass along an interface between two fluids due to a gradient in surface tension. This...
• Marcus equationA theoretical expression that describes the rate of electron transfer reactions in terms of the...
• Marcus-Coltrin pathA trajectory over a potential energy surface that follows the outermost vibrational turning points of the...
• Marcus-Hush relationshipA theoretical framework that describes the rate of electron transfer reactions in terms of the reorganization...
• Marfan syndromeA genetic disorder affecting connective tissue, caused by a mutation in the FBN1 gene, which encodes...
• Margin of exposureA ratio used in toxicology to compare the dose at which a toxic effect is observed in animal studies to the...
• Marginal zoneA distinct anatomical region within the spleen, located at the interface between the red pulp and the white...
• MarginationThe process by which leukocytes (white blood cells) move from the central flow of blood to the periphery of...
• MarkerA substance, molecule, or gene whose presence or absence indicates a specific characteristic or process. In...
• Markownikoff ruleA principle in organic chemistry that describes the regioselectivity of electrophilic addition reactions to...
• Markush structureA chemical structure representation that defines a set of related chemical compounds by specifying a common...
• Martensitic transitionA diffusionless, displacive phase transformation in a solid material, characterized by a rapid, cooperative...
• MasculinizationThe development of male secondary sexual characteristics, such as increased muscle mass, deepening of the...
• MaskA patterned layer used in lithography to selectively block or transmit radiation, thereby transferring a...
• Mask error enhancement factorA metric quantifying how effectively imperfections or variations in the lithographic mask pattern are...
• Maskless lithographyA lithographic technique that creates patterns on a substrate without the use of a physical mask. Instead...
• MassThe base quantity of the International System of Quantities that measures a body's resistance to acceleration...
• Mass accuracyThe deviation between the experimentally measured mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of an ion and its theoretically...
• Mass action, law ofA principle stating that the rate of a chemical reaction is directly proportional to the product of the...
• Mass analysisThe process of determining the mass-to-charge ratio of ions in a sample, typically performed using a mass...
• Mass balanceAn accounting of mass for a defined system or control volume, stating that what enters equals what leaves...
• Mass balance equationA mathematical expression that quantifies the conservation of mass within a defined system over time. It...
• Mass calibrationThe process of establishing a functional relationship between the instrumental response of a mass...
• Mass concentrationThe mass of a constituent substance divided by the total volume of the mixture containing that constituent...
• Mass defectThe difference between the exact mass of an atom or molecule and its nominal mass, which is the integer mass...
• Mass density gradientA continuous or discontinuous variation in the concentration of a substance within a medium, resulting in a...
• Mass discriminationThe phenomenon in mass spectrometry where the detection efficiency or transmission efficiency of ions varies...
• Mass distribution ratioThe ratio of the total mass of an analyte in the stationary phase to its total mass in the mobile phase, at...
• Mass excessThe difference between an atom's actual mass and the value obtained by multiplying its mass number by the...
• Mass fingerprintingA technique used to identify proteins by comparing the mass-to-charge ratios of their proteolytic fragments...
• Mass flow rateThe quantity of mass of a substance passing through a given cross-sectional area per unit of time. It is a...
• Mass fractionThe ratio of the mass of a specific constituent to the total mass of the mixture or solution. It is a...
• Mass gateAn ion gate that transmits only ions within a selected m/z range and deflects or blocks all others, so that...
• Mass limitThe maximum or minimum mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) that can be transmitted or detected by a mass spectrometer...
• Mass mean diameterA particle-size average defined through mass: the diameter of the sphere that would weigh the same as the...
• Mass median diameterA statistical measure representing the diameter at which half of the total mass of a particulate sample is...
• Mass numberThe total number of protons and neutrons (nucleons) in an atomic nucleus. It is an integer that represents...
• Mass of the stationary phaseThe total mass of the active solid or liquid stationary phase material contained within a chromatography...
• Mass peakA signal in a mass spectrum that corresponds to ions of a specific mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The height or...
• Mass percentA measure of concentration that expresses the mass of a solute as a percentage of the total mass of the...
• Mass rangeThe span of mass-to-charge ratios (m/z) that a mass spectrometer is capable of detecting and analyzing. This...
• Mass ratioThe quotient obtained by dividing the mass of one component by the mass of another component in a mixture or...
• Mass resolving powerThe ability of a mass spectrometer to distinguish between two ions with very similar mass-to-charge ratios...
• Mass selective axial ejectionA method for ejecting ions from a quadrupole ion trap mass analyzer based on their mass-to-charge ratio. By...
• Mass selective instabilityA phenomenon in ion traps where ions of a particular mass-to-charge ratio become unstable and are ejected...
• Mass solubilityAn obsolete name for the molality of a gas in its saturated solution, meaning the amount of dissolved gas...
• Mass spectral libraryA curated digital collection of mass spectra used for identifying unknown compounds by comparing their...
• Mass spectrographAn instrument that separates ions according to their mass-to-charge ratio and records the resulting ion beams...
• Mass spectrometerAn analytical instrument that measures the mass-to-charge ratio of ions. It separates ions based on their...
• Mass spectrometer focusing systemThe assembly of a mass spectrometer that separates ions by their mass-to-charge ratio and brings each group...
• Mass spectrometric detectorA device that measures the mass-to-charge ratio of ionized molecules, providing information about their...
• Mass spectrometryAn analytical technique that measures the mass-to-charge ratio of ions to identify and quantify compounds in...
• Mass spectrometry/mass spectrometryA technique that involves multiple stages of mass analysis, where ions are first separated by mass-to-charge...
• Mass spectroscopyAn analytical technique that measures the mass-to-charge ratio of ions to identify and quantify molecules in...
• Mass spectrumA plot of ion abundance versus mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) obtained from a mass spectrometer. This graphical...
• Mass transferThe net movement of a chemical species from one point to another, driven by a concentration gradient...
• Mass transfer coefficientA proportionality constant that relates the mass transfer rate of a component to the driving force for mass...
• Mass-analyzed ion kinetic energy spectrometryA mass spectrometry technique where ions are first mass-selected and then their kinetic energy distribution...
• Mass-average molar massA type of average molar mass for a polymer sample, calculated by summing the product of the molar mass of...
• Mass-average particle diameterA statistical measure of particle size in a dispersed system, calculated by considering the mass contribution...
• Mass-average velocityThe weighted average velocity of all components in a mixture, where each component's velocity is weighted by...
• Mass-distribution functionA function giving the share of a sample's mass found at each value of a variable such as molar mass or...
• Mass-flow sensitive detectorA type of detector in chromatography that responds to the mass of analyte passing through it per unit time...
• MassicAn adjective for a quantity obtained by dividing an extensive quantity by mass, equivalent to the word...
• Massive transitionA solid-state transformation in which a parent phase changes into a product phase of the same composition but...
• Mass-law effectThe shift in chemical equilibrium caused by changing the concentration of one of the reactants or products...
• Mass-transfer-controlled electrolyte rate constantA kinetic parameter describing the rate of an electrochemical reaction that is limited by the transport of...
• Mast cellA type of granulocyte found in connective tissues throughout the body, containing granules rich in histamine...
• Mast cell activation disorderA group of conditions characterized by the inappropriate activation and release of mediators from mast cells...
• Mast cell stabilizerA class of pharmacological agents that inhibit the degranulation of mast cells, thereby preventing the...
• Master curveA single curve representing the viscoelastic response of a polymer over an extended range of frequencies or...
• MastocytomaA type of tumor consisting of a proliferation of mast cells. These growths can be benign or malignant and are...
• MastocytosisA group of disorders characterized by the abnormal accumulation of mast cells in one or more organ systems of...
• Matched cellsA pair or set of cuvettes or sample cells that exhibit identical optical properties, particularly absorbance...
• Matched controlA subject in a study who is selected to be similar to a case subject with respect to one or more...
• Material characterization studyA study, carried out within one laboratory or as a comparison between several laboratories, that assigns a...
• Material homogeneityThe degree to which a specific property or constituent is uniformly distributed throughout a quantity of...
• Material recoveryA dimensionless ratio of the quantity of a named component that has been isolated from a system to the...
• Material safety data sheetA document containing information on the potential hazards (health, fire, reactivity, and environmental) and...
• Material stabilityThe ability of a material, such as a reference material or reagent, to maintain its specified properties...
• Materials chemistryThe scientific discipline focused on the synthesis, characterization, and understanding of materials at the...
• Maternal serum alpha-fetoproteinA protein produced by the fetal liver and yolk sac, which is present in the mother's blood during pregnancy...
• Mathieu stability diagramA graphical representation that illustrates the regions of stable ion trajectories within the parameter space...
• MatrixThe collection of all components in a sample except for the specific analyte being measured. These other...
• Matrix effectThe influence of components other than the analyte in a sample on the analytical signal of the analyte. This...
• Matrix factorA correction factor used in quantitative surface analysis, particularly Auger electron spectroscopy, to...
• Matrix formulationA pharmaceutical dosage form where the active pharmaceutical ingredient is dispersed uniformly within a...
• Matrix isolationA spectroscopic technique where reactive chemical species are trapped and stabilized in a rigid, inert solid...
• Matrix reference materialA reference material where the analyte is present in a matrix similar to that of the samples being analyzed...
• Matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometryAn atmospheric-pressure ionization method in which a pulsed laser desorbs neutral analyte molecules from a...
• Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometryAn ionization technique used in mass spectrometry where an analyte is co-crystallized with a large excess of...
• Matrix-compatible solid-phase microextractionA kind of direct-immersion solid-phase microextraction whose fibre or other coating is built so that it takes...
• Matrix-matched calibrationA calibration strategy where the standards used to create the calibration curve are prepared in a matrix that...
• Matrix-solid phase dispersionA sample preparation technique where a solid or semi-solid sample is blended with a sorbent material to...
• Mattauch-Herzog geometryA double-focusing arrangement for a mass spectrograph in which ions first pass through a radial electric...
• MaturationThe process by which a cell or organism develops from an immature form to a fully functional, adult state. In...
• Mature B cellA B lymphocyte that has finished maturing in the bone marrow and carries both IgM and IgD antibodies on its...
• Maturity indexA quantitative measure used in ecotoxicology to assess the structural and functional development of a...
• MaxillaryRelating to the maxilla, which is the upper jawbone in vertebrates. This bone forms the roof of the mouth...
• Maximum acceptable toxicant concentrationThe highest concentration of a toxicant in an environmental medium that causes no unacceptable effect on a...
• Maximum additive concentrationThe largest concentration of a poorly soluble substance, usually a drug, that a given surfactant solution can...
• Maximum allowable concentrationThe highest concentration of a chemical substance in a specific medium, such as air or water, that is...
• Maximum average daily concentration of an atmospheric pollutantThe highest value among the 24-hour mean concentrations of an air pollutant found at one monitoring point...
• Maximum contaminant levelThe highest permissible level of a contaminant in drinking water established by regulatory agencies. This...
• Maximum degree of biodegradationThe highest degree of biodegradation actually reached in a given test under its chosen experimental...
• Maximum emission concentrationThe highest permissible concentration of a specific pollutant that is allowed to be discharged into the...
• Maximum exposure limitA legally binding UK occupational exposure limit under the COSHH regulations, applied to hazardous substances...
• Maximum hardness principleA principle in conceptual density functional theory stating that systems tend to arrange themselves to have...
• Maximum latent periodThe longest interval after the last exposure to a chemical agent beyond which a later illness can no longer...
• Maximum likelihood estimationA statistical method for estimating the parameters of a model by finding the parameter values that maximize...
• Maximum likelihood principal component analysisA form of principal component analysis that uses the known measurement error variances of each data point...
• Maximum permissible daily doseThe highest amount of a substance that an individual can ingest or be exposed to daily over a lifetime...
• Maximum permissible levelThe highest concentration of a substance allowed in a specific medium, such as air, water, or food, without...
• Maximum residue limitThe highest concentration of a pesticide residue that is allowed by law on or in food or animal feed...
• Maximum residue limit for veterinary drugsThe highest concentration of a residue left by a veterinary drug that is accepted, by law or by recognized...
• Maximum safe concentrationThe plasma concentration of a drug above which adverse effects become likely, forming the upper limit of its...
• Maximum tolerable concentrationThe greatest concentration in water, air or soil at which none of the exposed test organisms die, written...
• Maximum tolerable doseThe largest dose of a chemical that causes no deaths among treated test animals, written LD0. It lies below...
• Maximum tolerable exposure levelThe highest level of exposure to a substance that an individual can experience without incurring an...
• Maximum tolerated doseThe highest dose of a drug or chemical that can be given to an animal or human without causing unacceptable...
• Maximum velocityThe highest rate at which an enzyme-catalyzed reaction proceeds when the enzyme is saturated with substrate...
• MazeA controlled environment, typically a system of interconnected pathways, used in behavioral neuroscience to...
• McLafferty rearrangementA characteristic fragmentation pathway observed in mass spectrometry for molecules containing a carbonyl...
• MeanA measure of central tendency, calculated as the sum of all values in a dataset divided by the number of...
• Mean absorption timeThe average time a drug molecule takes to be absorbed from its site of administration into the circulation...
• Mean activity of an electrolyte in solutionA thermodynamic quantity that represents the effective concentration of an electrolyte in a solution...
• Mean catalytic activity rateA clinical chemistry quantity equal to the catalytic activity of a named enzyme that is gained by, lost from...
• Mean centeringA data pre-processing technique where the mean of each variable is subtracted from all values of that...
• Mean current densityThe average electric current flowing per unit area across an interface or through a cross-section of a...
• Mean escape depthThe average depth, measured normal to the surface, from which a specified kind of particle or radiation...
• Mean exchange current densityThe average rate of charge transfer per unit area across an electrode-electrolyte interface at equilibrium...
• Mean free pathThe average distance a particle, such as an atom or molecule, travels between successive collisions with...
• Mean generation timeThe average time required for a population of organisms, such as bacteria or cells, to double in number under...
• Mean interstitial velocity of the carrier gasThe mean linear speed of the carrier gas in the spaces between the particles of a packed column, given by the...
• Mean linear rangeThe average distance traveled by a charged particle in a medium before it loses all its kinetic energy. This...
• Mean mass rangeThe average mass per unit area traversed by a charged particle in a medium before it comes to rest. This...
• Mean mass rateThe average rate at which mass is transferred or produced over a specified period. This quantity is...
• Mean residence timeThe average time a molecule or particle spends within a defined system or compartment before leaving it. This...
• Mean squared error of calibrationA statistical measure of the average squared difference between the predicted values from a calibration model...
• Mean squared error of predictionA statistical metric that quantifies the average squared difference between predicted values from a model and...
• Mean substance rateThe average rate at which the amount of a chemical substance changes within a system over a specified...
• Mean volume rateThe average rate at which a volume of substance is transferred, produced, or consumed over a defined time...
• Mean-field theoryA theoretical approach used to simplify complex many-body problems by replacing the interactions between...
• Mean-square end-to-end distanceThe average of the square of the distance between the two ends of a polymer chain, averaged over all possible...
• Mean-square end-to-end distance of a freely rotating chainThe average of the square of the distance between the ends of a polymer chain where bond angles are fixed...
• Mean-square radius of gyrationThe average of the square of the distance of each segment of a polymer chain from its center of mass...
• Mean-square unperturbed end-to-end distanceThe average of the square of the distance between the ends of a polymer chain in a theta solvent, where...
• Mean-square unperturbed radius of gyrationA measure of the average size of a polymer coil in a theta solvent, where polymer-solvent and polymer-polymer...
• Measurable quantityA property of a phenomenon, body, or substance that can be expressed as a number and a reference. This...
• MeasurandA particular quantity subject to measurement, defined with sufficient completeness for the purpose of a...
• Measured excitation spectrumA plot of the luminescence intensity emitted by a sample as a function of the excitation wavelength, while...
• Measured spectrumA graphical representation of the intensity of a physical quantity as a function of another quantity, such as...
• Measured valueThe numerical value obtained from a measurement, along with its associated unit, representing the magnitude...
• MeasurementThe process of experimentally obtaining one or more quantity values that can reasonably be attributed to a...
• Measurement capabilityThe ability to measure a quantity within a specified interval of quantity values, in a specified kind of...
• Measurement efficiencyThe number of detector events recorded per atom of analyte in the sample, so that it folds together the...
• Measurement endpointA measurable biological or chemical response that is used to assess the effects of an exposure or...
• Measurement precision control materialA stable and homogeneous material with known or assigned property values, used to monitor the precision of a...
• Measurement procedureA full written account of how a measurement is carried out, based on one or more measurement principles and a...
• Measurement procedure biasThe part of measurement bias that arises from systematic effects of a given measurement procedure, estimated...
• Measurement procedure with standard additionAn analytical technique where the sample is analyzed before and after adding known amounts of the analyte...
• Measurement reproducibilityThe precision of measurements obtained under different conditions, such as different operators, measuring...
• Measurement resolutionThe smallest change in a measured quantity that causes a perceptible change in the corresponding indication...
• Measurement resultThe value attributed to a measurand, obtained by measurement, which includes the measured quantity value and...
• Measurement solutionThe final solution that is introduced into an analytical instrument for measurement after all necessary...
• Measurement thresholdThe minimum value of a measured quantity that an instrument or method can detect and respond to. Any values...
• Measurement trueness control materialA reference material with a certified or assigned value, used to assess the trueness of a measurement...
• Mechanical anharmonicityThe deviation of a molecular vibrational potential energy surface from a perfectly parabolic shape, which...
• Mechanical entrapmentThe physical capture of one substance within the structure of another, without forming a chemical bond. This...
• Mechanical harmonicityThe idealized behavior of a molecular vibration where the restoring force is directly proportional to the...
• Mechanical hygrometerAn instrument that measures atmospheric humidity by sensing changes in the physical dimensions of a...
• Mechanical meltingThe reversible transition of a semicrystalline polymer from a solid state to a liquid-like state, induced by...
• Mechanically interlocked molecular architectureA class of molecules where two or more components are linked not by covalent bonds, but by a mechanical bond...
• MechanismA detailed step-by-step description of how a chemical reaction occurs, including the sequence of elementary...
• Mechanism-based inhibitionA type of enzyme inhibition where an enzyme converts a substrate analog into a reactive intermediate that...
• MechanizationThe application of machines and automated devices to perform tasks previously done manually, particularly in...
• Mechanized extractionA process of separating a substance from a matrix using mechanical devices to automate or assist in the...
• Mechano-chemical reactionA chemical reaction initiated or significantly influenced by mechanical forces, such as grinding, shearing...
• Meckel diverticulumA congenital outpouching of the small intestine, specifically the ileum, that represents a remnant of the...
• MeconiumThe first stool passed by a newborn infant, composed of materials ingested during fetal life, such as...
• MedianThe middle value in a dataset when all the values are arranged in ascending or descending order. If there is...
• Median effective concentrationThe concentration of a substance that produces a specified effect in 50% of the test population within a...
• Median effective doseThe dose of a substance that produces a specified effect in 50% of the test population. This value, often...
• Median effective timeThe time required for 50% of a test population to exhibit a specified effect after exposure to a substance...
• Median inhibitory timeThe duration of exposure to a toxicant required to inhibit a specific biological process or cause a defined...
• Median lethal concentrationThe concentration of a chemical in the air or water surrounding test animals that is expected to kill half of...
• Median lethal doseThe statistically derived single dose of a substance that can be expected to cause death in 50% of the...
• Median lethal timeThe duration of exposure to a toxic agent that results in the death of 50% of a test population under...
• Median narcotic concentrationThe concentration of a substance that induces narcosis (a state of stupor or unconsciousness) in 50% of a...
• Median narcotic doseThe dose of a substance that induces narcosis (a state of stupor or unconsciousness) in 50% of a test...
• Median teratogenic concentrationThe concentration of a substance that causes a specific teratogenic effect in 50% of the exposed offspring of...
• Median time to deathThe time required for 50% of a test population to die after exposure to a toxic substance. This value...
• Median tolerance limitThe concentration of a toxic substance at which 50% of a test population can survive for a specified period...
• MediastinumThe central compartment of the thoracic cavity, located between the two pleural sacs containing the lungs. It...
• Mediating agentA substance that facilitates a chemical reaction, particularly in polymerization, by reversibly interacting...
• Medical deviceAn article, such as an instrument, apparatus, machine, implant or in vitro reagent, together with its parts...
• MedicineThe science and art of preventing, diagnosing, treating, and alleviating disease, injury, and promoting...
• MediumThe bulk material, typically a liquid or gas, in which a chemical reaction is conducted or a physical...
• Medium effectThe change in the standard chemical potential of a solute or ion when transferred from a reference solvent...
• Medium-energy ion scattering spectrometryA surface analysis technique that directs a monoenergetic beam of ions, with energies in the range of 50 to...
• Medium-pressure mercury lampA gas discharge lamp that operates at higher mercury vapor pressures than low-pressure lamps, emitting a...
• MedullaThe innermost part of an organ or structure, often distinct in function or composition from its outer cortex...
• MedulloblastomaA highly malignant primary brain tumor that originates in the cerebellum, a region of the brain responsible...
• MegaThe SI prefix representing a factor of one million (10^6), with the symbol M. It is used to form decimal...
• MegacolonAn abnormal and persistent dilation of the colon that is not caused by a mechanical obstruction. This...
• MegadactylyA congenital condition characterized by the abnormal enlargement of one or more digits, including both...
• MegakaryocyteA large bone marrow cell responsible for producing platelets, which are necessary for normal blood clotting...
• MeiosisA specialized type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in a parent diploid cell by half...
• Meiotic driveA phenomenon in which certain alleles are transmitted to more than half of the gametes during meiosis...
• Meisenheimer adductAn anionic sigma complex formed by the nucleophilic addition of a carbanion or other nucleophile to an...
• Melanic formsIndividuals within a species that exhibit a higher concentration of the dark pigment melanin than is typical...
• MelanismThe development of dark pigment in the skin, hair, or feathers of an animal due to an increased concentration...
• MeltThe amorphous, liquid-like state of a polymer above its glass transition temperature (for amorphous polymers)...
• Melt flow indexA measure of the thermoplastic polymer's ability to flow under specific conditions of temperature and...
• MeltingA phase transition process where a substance changes from a solid state to a liquid state, typically...
• Melting point correctedA melting point measurement that has been adjusted to account for systematic errors, such as those arising...
• Melting temperatureThe temperature at which a crystalline or semi-crystalline polymer transitions from a solid to a liquid...
• MembraneA thin, selective barrier that separates two phases and controls the passage of substances between them. In...
• Membrane attack complexA structure formed on the surface of pathogen cells as part of the complement system, a component of the...
• Membrane bilayerA fundamental structural component of biological membranes, consisting of two layers of lipid molecules...
• Membrane emfThe electromotive force (emf) that develops across a semipermeable membrane due to differences in the...
• Membrane extractionA separation process where a semipermeable membrane acts as a selective barrier between two phases, allowing...
• Membrane extraction with sorbent interfaceA hyphenated extraction technique where analytes permeate through a membrane and are then immediately trapped...
• Membrane introduction mass spectrometryAn analytical technique that couples a semi-permeable membrane directly to a mass spectrometer for the...
• Membrane polarizationThe establishment and maintenance of an electrical potential difference across a biological membrane...
• Membrane potentialThe electrical potential difference that exists across a biological membrane, arising from the unequal...
• Membrane raftsDynamic, nanoscale assemblies of sphingolipids, sterol lipids, and specific proteins within the plasma...
• Membrane separatorA device that uses a semi-permeable membrane to selectively separate components from a mixture, often based...
• Membrane sitesSpecific locations within an ion-selective membrane where ion-exchange or complexation reactions occur...
• Membrane-protected solid-phase microextractionA variation of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) where the sorbent-coated fiber is shielded by a selective...
• Membranes with mobile charged sitesIon-selective membranes containing charged species that are not fixed within the membrane matrix but can move...
• MemoryThe ability of the immune system to recognize and respond more rapidly and effectively to a pathogen or...
• Memory cellA long-lived lymphocyte, either a T cell or a B cell, that is produced during a primary immune response to an...
• Memory effectThe dependence of an analytical instrument's reading on one or more previous samples, as when analyte held on...
• Memory lymphocyte immunostimulation assayA blood test, a refined form of the lymphocyte transformation test, in which a patient's lymphocytes are...
• MemristorA passive two-terminal electrical component that relates electric charge and magnetic flux linkage...
• MenarcheThe first menstrual bleeding in a female, which signals the beginning of her reproductive lifespan. This...
• Mendelian geneA theoretical unit of heredity that is inferred from its observable phenotypic effects and follows the...
• Mendelian inheritanceThe fundamental principles of heredity describing how traits are passed from parents to offspring, based on...
• Mendelian traitA phenotype whose inheritance follows Mendel's laws, being governed by a single gene locus with dominant or...
• MendelismThe set of principles of heredity discovered by Gregor Mendel, which describe how genetic traits are passed...
• MeningesThe three protective membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord, providing physical protection and...
• MeningiomaA type of tumor that arises from the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal...
• MeningitisInflammation of the meninges, the three layers of membrane that envelop the brain and spinal cord. The...
• MeningoceleA type of neural tube defect where the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal...
• MeningoencephalitisInflammation of both the brain parenchyma (encephalitis) and the surrounding membranes known as the meninges...
• MeningoencephaloceleA congenital defect where a portion of the brain and its surrounding meninges protrude through an opening in...
• MeningomyeloceleA severe form of spina bifida, a birth defect where the spinal canal and backbone do not close completely...
• MeninxOne of the three protective membranes that enclose the brain and spinal cord, collectively known as the...
• MenopauseThe natural biological process marking the permanent cessation of menstruation and the end of a woman's...
• Menstrual cycleThe recurring sequence of hormone-driven changes in the ovaries and uterus that prepares the body for...
• MenstruationThe periodic shedding of the uterine lining (endometrium) through the vagina, occurring approximately once a...
• Mental retardationA condition characterized by significantly subaverage general intellectual functioning, accompanied by...
• MentationThe collective processes of the mind, encompassing cognitive functions such as perception, attention, memory...
• Mer-A stereochemical descriptor used in coordination chemistry to denote a meridional isomer, where three...
• MercurialismA toxic condition resulting from exposure to mercury or its compounds, also known as mercury poisoning...
• Mercury electrodeAn electrode constructed using mercury as the electroactive material, often in the form of a dropping mercury...
• Mercury flow systemAn apparatus used in chemical vapor generation for the analysis of mercury, where a carrier gas transports...
• Mercury-xenon lampA type of arc lamp that produces a broad spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, ranging from the ultraviolet...
• MeroA combining prefix, from the Greek word for part, that marks a partial or fragmentary version of a structure...
• Meroblastic cleavageA type of cell division that occurs during early embryonic development in eggs containing a large amount of...
• MeromeliaA congenital defect in which part of a limb is absent, leaving a shortened and deformed limb that arises from...
• MesectodermA type of embryonic tissue originating from the neural crest that differentiates into mesenchymal structures...
• MesencephalonThe middle part of the three primary brain vesicles that develop from the neural tube in a vertebrate embryo...
• Mesenchymal-to-epithelial transitionA biological process in which mesenchymal cells, characterized by their migratory and invasive properties...
• MesenchymeAn embryonic connective tissue derived primarily from the mesoderm, characterized by loosely organized cells...
• Mesenteric lymph nodeA type of lymph node located within the mesentery, the fold of peritoneum that attaches the intestine to the...
• MesenteryA double fold of peritoneum that suspends part of the digestive tract from the posterior abdominal wall; the...
• Mesh sizeThe average distance between cross-links or entanglements in a polymer network or gel, which dictates the...
• MesoA prefix used in stereochemistry to denote a compound that is achiral despite containing chiral centers. This...
• Meso structuresStereoisomers that contain chiral centers but are achiral overall due to an internal plane of symmetry or...
• Meso-compoundA chemical compound that contains two or more stereocenters but is achiral due to an internal plane of...
• MesocosmAn experimental system that simulates natural environmental conditions on a scale larger than a microcosm but...
• MesodermOne of the three primary germ layers in early embryonic development, situated between the ectoderm and...
• Mesofluidic extraction deviceA compact apparatus designed for performing chemical extractions within a mesoscale fluidic environment...
• MesogastriumThe embryonic mesentery that suspends the stomach from the posterior abdominal wall. It is a double layer of...
• MesogenA compound whose molecules, given the right temperature, pressure or concentration, organise into a...
• Mesogenic groupThe rigid part of a molecule that induces liquid crystalline, or mesomorphic, behavior. This structural unit...
• Mesogenic monomerA monomer molecule that contains a mesogenic group and is capable of forming a liquid-crystalline polymer...
• Mesogenic pitchAn optically isotropic pitch, rich in aromatic hydrocarbons and low in quinoline-insoluble matter, that...
• Mesoionic compoundsFive- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds that cannot be represented satisfactorily by a single uncharged...
• Mesolytic cleavageFission of a bond within a radical cation or radical anion that yields a neutral radical together with an...
• Mesomeric effectThe electronic effect transmitted through a conjugated system, involving the delocalization of pi electrons...
• MesomerismThe phenomenon where the electronic structure of a molecule cannot be adequately represented by a single...
• Mesomorphic phaseAn intermediate state of matter that exhibits properties between those of conventional liquids and solid...
• Mesomorphic stateA state of matter whose degree of molecular order lies between the full three-dimensional positional and...
• Mesomorphic transitionA phase transition involving a change between different mesophases (liquid crystalline states) or between a...
• Mesonephric ductA paired embryonic duct that develops from the intermediate mesoderm and is associated with the mesonephros...
• MesonephrosThe middle embryonic kidney of vertebrates, which forms after the pronephros and before the metanephros. In...
• MesopauseThe boundary layer in the Earth's atmosphere that separates the mesosphere from the thermosphere. It...
• MesophaseA state of matter that exhibits properties intermediate between those of an isotropic liquid and a fully...
• Mesophase pitchA type of pitch that has passed through a liquid crystal, or mesophase, state during its production from...
• Mesophase pitch-based carbon fibresCarbon fibers produced by spinning mesophase pitch into filaments, followed by stabilization and...
• MesoporeA pore within a material that has a width ranging from 2 nanometers to 50 nanometers. These pores are...
• Mesoporous particleA particle characterized by pores with diameters ranging from 2 to 50 nanometers, according to IUPAC...
• MesoscaleRelating to atmospheric phenomena that occur on a spatial scale larger than microscale events but smaller...
• MesosphereThe layer of the Earth's atmosphere situated above the stratosphere and below the thermosphere. In this...
• MesotheliomaA rare and aggressive cancer that originates in the mesothelium, the protective lining of internal organs. It...
• MesotheliumA simple squamous epithelium that forms the lining of the serous membranes, such as the pleura, peritoneum...
• Messenger RNAA type of ribonucleic acid (RNA) that carries genetic information from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in the...
• Meta-analysisA quantitative statistical procedure that combines the results from multiple independent scientific studies...
• Metabolic activationThe process by which a xenobiotic compound, initially inactive, is converted into a biologically active or...
• Metabolic enzymesA group of proteins that catalyze the biochemical transformations of endogenous substances and xenobiotics...
• Metabolic half-lifeThe period in which metabolism alone converts half of the amount of a compound present in an organism...
• Metabolic modelA quantitative description of how the body handles one specific substance, tracing the fraction absorbed...
• Metabolic pathwayA series of interconnected biochemical reactions occurring within a cell or organism, where the product of...
• Metabolic transformationThe chemical alteration of a substance within a living organism, primarily through enzymatic reactions, to...
• MetabolismThe sum of all biochemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life. These processes...
• Metabolism quenchingThe rapid cessation of all metabolic activity within a biological sample, performed immediately after...
• Metabolite fingerprinting and footprintingMetabolite fingerprinting involves the rapid, high-throughput analysis of a broad range of metabolites in a...
• Metabolite profilingAn analytical approach that identifies and measures a predefined group of metabolites tied to one metabolic...
• MetabologenA morphogen, meaning a signalling molecule that patterns developing tissue, that also regulates metabolism...
• MetabolomeThe complete set of small-molecule metabolites found within a biological sample, such as a cell, tissue...
• MetabolomicsThe systematic study of the complete set of small-molecule metabolites within a biological system. This field...
• MetabonomicsThe quantitative measurement of how the full complement of small-molecule metabolites in a living system...
• Metabotropic receptorA type of membrane receptor that acts through a secondary messenger when a ligand binds to it. Unlike...
• Metal to ligand charge transfer transitionAn electronic transition in coordination compounds where an electron moves from an orbital primarily...
• Metal to metal charge transfer transitionAn electronic transition occurring in polymetallic complexes where an electron moves from an orbital...
• Metal-carbene complexesOrganometallic compounds featuring a metal center bonded to a carbene ligand, which is a carbon atom...
• Metal-carbyne complexesCoordination compounds characterized by a metal-carbon triple bond, where the carbon atom is typically bonded...
• Metal-insulator transitionA phase transition in which a material changes its electrical conductivity from that of a metal to that of an...
• MetallacycloalkanesCyclic organometallic compounds where one or more carbon atoms in a cycloalkane ring are formally replaced by...
• Metallocene polymerizationA type of coordination polymerization catalyzed by metallocene complexes, which are organometallic compounds...
• MetallocenesOrganometallic compounds characterized by a transition metal atom sandwiched between two parallel...
• MetalloenzymeAn enzyme that contains one or more metal ions tightly bound as a cofactor, which are directly involved in...
• MetallomesogenA compound containing one or more metal atoms that exhibits liquid crystal (mesophase) behavior. The metal...
• Metallo-supramolecular polymerA polymer formed through the reversible coordination of metal ions with specific ligands incorporated into...
• MetallothioneinA family of low molecular weight, cysteine-rich proteins that bind both physiological (zinc, copper) and...
• Metallothionein-like proteinsProteins that share structural and functional similarities with metallothioneins, particularly in their...
• Metallurgical cokeA solid, porous carbon material produced by the destructive distillation of coal in the absence of air at...
• Metal-organic frameworkA class of porous, crystalline materials composed of metal ions or clusters coordinated to organic ligands...
• Metamagnetic transitionA magnetic phase transition where a material, initially in an antiferromagnetic or paramagnetic state...
• MetameterA transformed variable derived from an original measurement, often used in statistical analysis to meet...
• MetanephrosThe definitive and most advanced form of kidney in vertebrates, developing from the intermediate mesoderm and...
• MetaphaseA stage of mitosis and of both meiotic divisions in which the chromosomes line up on the equatorial plane of...
• MetaplasiaThe reversible replacement of one differentiated adult cell type by another differentiated adult cell type...
• MetapopulationA collection of spatially separated populations of a single species that are connected by occasional...
• MetastabilityA state of a system that is not in its lowest energy (thermodynamically stable) state but is kinetically...
• Metastable backgroundIntensity in a mass spectrum contributed by ions that fragment spontaneously between leaving the ion source...
• Metastable ionAn ion that undergoes unimolecular decomposition in the field-free region between the ion source and the...
• Metastable stateAn excited state that cannot decay radiatively to any lower state under the selection rules, and so has a far...
• MetastasisThe process by which cancer cells spread from their primary site to distant parts of the body, forming new...
• Metatectic reactionAn isothermal, reversible phase transformation in which, as a system cools, one solid phase β decomposes into...
• MetathesisA chemical reaction involving the exchange of bonds between two reacting chemical species, resulting in the...
• Metathesis polymerizationA polymerization in which unsaturated monomers become unsaturated polymers through redistribution of...
• MethanogensMicroorganisms, primarily archaea, that produce methane as a metabolic byproduct in anoxic conditions. They...
• MethemoglobinA form of hemoglobin containing iron in the ferric (Fe³⁺) oxidation state, rather than the normal ferrous...
• MethemoglobinaemiaA condition characterized by the presence of an abnormally high concentration of methemoglobin in the blood...
• Methemoglobin-forming substanceA chemical compound that, upon exposure or metabolism, induces the oxidation of the ferrous iron in...
• Method of isotopic perturbationAn NMR method for deciding whether a species is one symmetric structure or a rapidly equilibrating pair of...
• Method of multiple working hypothesesA scientific approach that involves developing several distinct hypotheses to explain a phenomenon, rather...
• Method performance studyA systematic investigation conducted to evaluate the performance characteristics of an analytical measurement...
• MethylationA biochemical process involving the addition of a methyl group (CH3) to a substrate molecule. This...
• Me-too drugA pharmaceutical agent that is structurally similar to an existing drug and acts by the same mechanism of...
• Metrological compatibility of measurement resultsA condition where the absolute difference between two measurement results for the same measurand is smaller...
• Metrological equivalence of measurement resultsA relation between two or more measurement results of one measurand that holds when they are metrologically...
• Micellar aggregation numberThe average number of surfactant or block copolymer molecules that associate to form a single micelle in a...
• Micellar catalysisThe acceleration or deceleration of a chemical reaction rate due to the presence of micelles, which are...
• Micellar chargeThe net electrical charge carried by a micelle, arising from the ionized head groups of the surfactant...
• Micellar chromatographyA chromatographic separation technique that employs micelles as pseudostationary phases in the mobile phase...
• Micellar electrokinetic chromatographyA mode of electrokinetic chromatography in which separation is based on the differential partitioning of...
• Micellar massThe molecular weight of a micelle, which is an aggregate of surfactant molecules in a solution. This mass...
• Micellar nucleationThe formation of new polymer particles within the interior of surfactant micelles during emulsion...
• Micellar polymerisationThe polymerization of a polymerizable surfactant, or surfmer, in solution above its critical micelle...
• Micellar relative molar massThe molar mass of a micelle divided by the molar mass constant, which makes it a dimensionless number. It...
• Micellar rodAn elongated, cylindrical aggregate of amphiphilic molecules, such as surfactants or block copolymers, formed...
• Micellar solubilizationThe process by which a substance, typically insoluble or sparingly soluble in a solvent, is incorporated into...
• MicelleAn aggregate of surfactant molecules dispersed in a liquid colloid, forming a spherical or cylindrical...
• Micelle chargeThe net electrical charge carried by a micelle, which is an aggregate of surfactant molecules in solution...
• MicellisationThe spontaneous association of surface-active molecules or ions into micelles, which starts once their...
• Michaelis constantA measure of the substrate concentration at which an enzyme reaction rate is half of its maximum velocity...
• Michaelis-Menten equationA mathematical model that describes the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction as a function of substrate...
• Michaelis-Menten kineticsA model describing the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, relating reaction rate to the concentration of a...
• Michaelis-Menten mechanismA specific reaction mechanism for enzyme catalysis that involves the reversible formation of an...
• MicroThe SI prefix representing a factor of one millionth (10⁻⁶), with the symbol μ. It is used to form decimal...
• Micro- techniqueA method or procedure that involves working with very small quantities of substances or samples, often on the...
• MicroalbuminuriaThe presence of abnormally small amounts of albumin in the urine, indicating early kidney damage. This...
• MicroarrayA high-throughput analytical tool consisting of a solid surface, such as a glass slide or silicon chip, onto...
• MicroautophagyA cellular process where small portions of the cytoplasm are directly engulfed by lysosomes through...
• Microbial leachingA biotechnological process that uses microorganisms to extract metals from ores or waste materials. The...
• Microcanonical rate constantA rate constant that is specific to a system with a fixed total energy and number of particles, as described...
• Microcanonical variational transition-state theoryA theoretical framework for calculating reaction rate constants that determines the transition state as the...
• MicrocapsuleA small capsule, typically ranging from a few micrometers to several hundred micrometers in diameter...
• MicrocarrierA small, solid particle or bead, typically polymeric, used as a support for the attachment and growth of...
• MicrocephalyA congenital condition characterized by an abnormally small head in relation to the infant's age, sex, and...
• Microchannel plateA device composed of a thin wafer of glass containing a dense array of microscopic channels, each acting as...
• MicrocheiriaA congenital anomaly characterized by abnormally small hands. This condition can occur as an isolated birth...
• MicroclimatologyThe study of atmospheric conditions and climate within a very small, localized area, such as a forest canopy...
• Microcontact printingA soft lithography technique that uses an elastomeric stamp to transfer a pattern of molecules from the stamp...
• MicrocosmA small, self-contained experimental system designed to simulate a larger, more complex natural environment...
• MicrodialysisA sampling technique that involves implanting a small probe with a semi-permeable membrane into a tissue or...
• Microdomain morphologyThe spatial arrangement and shape of distinct microscopic regions, or microdomains, within a multiphase...
• MicroelectrodeAn electrode with a very small sensing area, typically with dimensions in the micrometer range or smaller...
• MicroelectrophoresisA technique used to measure the electrophoretic mobility of individual colloidal particles or biological...
• MicroelectrosprayAn electrospray ionization mode run at a low solvent flow rate, a few microliters per minute or lower, with...
• Micro-emulsionA thermodynamically stable, isotropic dispersion of two immiscible liquids, stabilized by an interfacial film...
• Microemulsion electrokinetic chromatographyAn electrokinetic chromatography technique that employs a microemulsion as the pseudostationary phase in the...

952 of 13,676 terms in Chemistry terminology (MLC-0109). Request the full dataset.